Economic Science Series

What is Economy A region that engages in the production, distribution, and trading of commodities and services, in addition to their consumption, is referred to as an economy. In a broader sense, it is understood to be a social domain that places an emphasis on the activities, discourses, and material representations that are linked with the production, use, and management of limited resources. An economy is a set of processes, the primary factors of which include that economy's culture, values, education, technological advancement, history, social organization, political structure, legal systems, and natural resources. These variables are all intertwined. These elements provide the framework, determine the nature of the content, and provide the conditions and parameters under which an economy operates. To put it another way, the economic sphere is a social realm consisting of human acts and transactions that are interconnected with one another and do not exist in isolation. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Economy Chapter 2: Capitalism Chapter 3: Economy of Ethiopia Chapter 4: Economy of Germany Chapter 5: Gross domestic product Chapter 6: Tertiary sector of the economy Chapter 7: Industrialisation Chapter 8: World economy Chapter 9: Economic system Chapter 10: Government spending Chapter 11: National accounts Chapter 12: Economy of India Chapter 13: Transition economy Chapter 14: Circular flow of income Chapter 15: Economic history of India Chapter 16: Production in economics Chapter 17: Financialization Chapter 18: Growth accounting Chapter 19: Economic liberalisation in India Chapter 20: Socialist economics Chapter 21: Macroeconomics (II) Answering the public top questions about economy. (III) Real world examples for the usage of economy in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of economy Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of economy.

What is Cultural Economics A subfield of economics known as cultural economics investigates the ways in which culture is connected to the outcomes of economic activity. In this context, the term "culture" refers to the views and preferences that are held in common by many populations. These programmatic questions include whether or not culture matters in terms of economic outcomes, the extent to which it does matter, and the relationship between culture and institutions. The influence of culture in economic behavior is becoming increasingly proved to produce major differences in decision-making, as well as in the management and pricing of assets. This is a burgeoning field within the field of behavioral economics. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Cultural economics Chapter 2: Political economy Chapter 3: Cultural bias Chapter 4: Behavioral economics Chapter 5: Development economics Chapter 6: Rural area Chapter 7: Economic data Chapter 8: Socioeconomics Chapter 9: Experimental economics Chapter 10: Institutional economics Chapter 11: National accounts Chapter 12: New institutional economics Chapter 13: Economics imperialism Chapter 14: Distribution (economics) Chapter 15: Agent-based computational economics Chapter 16: Economic ideology Chapter 17: Economics of religion Chapter 18: Public economics Chapter 19: Rural economics Chapter 20: Demographic economics Chapter 21: Paola Sapienza (II) Answering the public top questions about cultural economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of cultural economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of cultural economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of cultural economics.

What is Econometrics The field of econometrics involves the utilization of statistical techniques to analyze economic data with the objective of providing empirical evidence to economic relationships. More specifically, it refers to "the quantitative analysis of actual economic phenomena based on the concurrent development of theory and observation, related by appropriate methods of inference." In a textbook that provides an introduction to economics, econometrics is described as a tool that enables economists to "sift through mountains of data to extract simple relationships." In the field of econometrics, Jan Tinbergen is identified as one of the two founding fathers. That other individual, Ragnar Frisch, was also the one who first used the phrase in the manner that it is used today. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Econometrics Chapter 2: Least squares Chapter 3: Gauss-Markov theorem Chapter 4: Regression analysis Chapter 5: Consistent estimator Chapter 6: Instrumental variables estimation Chapter 7: Probit model Chapter 8: Ordinary least squares Chapter 9: Simple linear regression Chapter 10: Seemingly unrelated regressions Chapter 11: Breusch-Pagan test Chapter 12: Cochrane-Orcutt estimation Chapter 13: Generalized least squares Chapter 14: Statistical model specification Chapter 15: Heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors Chapter 16: Heckman correction Chapter 17: Polynomial regression Chapter 18: Error correction model Chapter 19: Errors-in-variables models Chapter 20: Linear regression Chapter 21: Homoscedasticity and heteroscedasticity (II) Answering the public top questions about econometrics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of econometrics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of econometrics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of econometrics.

What is Demographic Economics Economic analysis is used to demography, which is the study of human populations, including size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics. Demographic economics, sometimes known as population economics, is the application of economic analysis to demography. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Demographic economics Chapter 2: Economics Chapter 3: Kenneth Arrow Chapter 4: Natural experiment Chapter 5: Methodological individualism Chapter 6: tienne Laspeyres Chapter 7: Information economics Chapter 8: Liquidity preference Chapter 9: Palgrave Macmillan Chapter 10: Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn Chapter 11: Vector measure Chapter 12: Lawrence E. Blume Chapter 13: Involuntary unemployment Chapter 14: Peter Kenneth Newman Chapter 15: Scarcity Chapter 16: History of macroeconomic thought Chapter 17: Ross Starr Chapter 18: Non-convexity (economics) Chapter 19: Convexity in economics Chapter 20: Garett Jones Chapter 21: Douglas Bernheim (II) Answering the public top questions about demographic economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of demographic economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of demographic economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of demographic economics.

What is Contract Theory A contract is an institutional arrangement for the movement of resources, which defines the various connections between the parties to a transaction or limits the rights and obligations of the parties. From a legal perspective, a contract is an arrangement that makes it possible for resources to flow differently. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Contract theory Chapter 2: Index of economics articles Chapter 3: Moral hazard Chapter 4: The Market for Lemons Chapter 5: Complete contract Chapter 6: Adverse selection Chapter 7: Information asymmetry Chapter 8: Coase theorem Chapter 9: Incentive Chapter 10: Mechanism design Chapter 11: Principal-agent problem Chapter 12: Efficiency wage Chapter 13: Theory of the firm Chapter 14: Information economics Chapter 15: Personnel economics Chapter 16: Agency cost Chapter 17: Signalling (economics) Chapter 18: Single-crossing condition Chapter 19: Screening (economics) Chapter 20: Incomplete contracts Chapter 21: Multiple principal problem (II) Answering the public top questions about contract theory. (III) Real world examples for the usage of contract theory in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of contract theory. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of contract theory.

What is Behavioral Economics Behavioural economics is the study of the psychological, cognitive, emotional, cultural, and social aspects that are involved in the decisions that individuals or organizations make, as well as the ways in which these decisions differ from those that are implied by classical economic theory. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Behavioral economics Chapter 2: Cognitive bias Chapter 3: Bounded rationality Chapter 4: Homo economicus Chapter 5: Sunk cost Chapter 6: Daniel Kahneman Chapter 7: Amos Tversky Chapter 8: Prospect theory Chapter 9: Decision theory Chapter 10: Loss aversion Chapter 11: Status quo bias Chapter 12: Endowment effect Chapter 13: Richard Thaler Chapter 14: Mental accounting Chapter 15: Libertarian paternalism Chapter 16: Choice architecture Chapter 17: Nudge (book) Chapter 18: Heuristic (psychology) Chapter 19: Cognitive bias mitigation Chapter 20: Eldar Shafir Chapter 21: Debiasing (II) Answering the public top questions about behavioral economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of behavioral economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of behavioral economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of behavioral economics.

What is Attention Economy The treatment of human attention as a limited commodity and the application of economic theory to the resolution of a variety of information management issues are the two main components of the attention economics approach to the management of information. This is what Matthew Crawford has to say about attention: "Attention is a resource-a person has only so much of it." This concept is expanded upon by Thomas H. Davenport and John C. Beck, who state that attention is defined as the mental engagement that is focused on a specific piece of information. We become aware of certain things, we focus our attention on a specific set of things, and then we decide whether or not to take action. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Attention economy Chapter 2: Economics Chapter 3: Ronald Coase Chapter 4: Environmental economics Chapter 5: Free-rider problem Chapter 6: Externality Chapter 7: Market failure Chapter 8: The Nature of the Firm Chapter 9: Index of economics articles Chapter 10: Transaction cost Chapter 11: Behavioral economics Chapter 12: Law and economics Chapter 13: Coase theorem Chapter 14: Pigouvian tax Chapter 15: Information overload Chapter 16: Theory of the firm Chapter 17: Armen Alchian Chapter 18: New institutional economics Chapter 19: Property rights (economics) Chapter 20: Digital marketing Chapter 21: Willingness to accept (II) Answering the public top questions about attention economy. (III) Real world examples for the usage of attention economy in many fields. Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of attention economy.

What is Economics The study of the production, distribution, and consumption of different products and services is the focus of the social science known as economics. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Economics Chapter 2: Microeconomics Chapter 3: Macroeconomics Chapter 4: Kenneth Arrow Chapter 5: Monetary base Chapter 6: Neutrality of money Chapter 7: John Eatwell, Baron Eatwell Chapter 8: Liquidity preference Chapter 9: Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn Chapter 10: Neoclassical synthesis Chapter 11: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Chapter 12: Lawrence E. Blume Chapter 13: Involuntary unemployment Chapter 14: Peter Kenneth Newman Chapter 15: Scarcity Chapter 16: Demographic economics Chapter 17: History of macroeconomic thought Chapter 18: Murray Milgate Chapter 19: Ross Starr Chapter 20: Non-convexity in economics Chapter 21: Convexity in economics (II) Answering the public top questions about economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of economics Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of economics.

What is Comparative Economic Systems The sub-discipline of economics known as Comparative Economic Systems is concerned with the comparative study of various systemic approaches to economic organization. These approaches include capitalism, socialism, feudalism, and the mixed economy, among others. It is generally accepted that the economist Calvin Bryce Hoover was the one who initiated the establishment. Prior to 1989, comparative economics was primarily concerned with the analysis of comparative economic systems. However, after that year, the field shifted its focus to a significant degree toward the comparison of the economic repercussions of the transition experience from socialism to capitalism. The field of economics, which is the study of acquiring knowledge concerning the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth, includes this discipline as one of its subfields. The economic system is originally established on the basis of the collective desires of the population as well as the resources that are accessible. The gross domestic product (GDP) is a metric that can be used to evaluate the performance of the economic system; more specifically, it would provide an indication of the growth rate of the country. It is also possible to arrive at normative judgments by asking questions such as whether or not there is a disparity in the distribution of wealth and income and whether or not there is social fairness. On a regular basis, theorists attempt to analyze both the positive and normative features of the economic system in general. In order to accomplish this, they make assumptions about the rules of the game that regulate utility-seeking. When the economic system of a country is either a perfect planning economic system or a perfect competition economic system, it is relatively straightforward to forecast the outcomes of the government's economic system. Being able to provide policy direction is not difficult when dealing with economic systems of that kind. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Comparative economic systems Chapter 2: Capitalism Chapter 3: Free market Chapter 4: Anti-capitalism Chapter 5: Market economy Chapter 6: Mixed economy Chapter 7: Democratic capitalism Chapter 8: Economic system Chapter 9: Criticism of socialism Chapter 10: Criticism of capitalism Chapter 11: Lange model Chapter 12: Economic planning Chapter 13: Economic ideology Chapter 14: Calvin B. Hoover Chapter 15: Redistribution of income and wealth Chapter 16: Social dividend Chapter 17: Production for use Chapter 18: Social ownership Chapter 19: Socialist economics Chapter 20: Contract theory Chapter 21: Authoritarian capitalism (II) Answering the public top questions about comparative economic systems. (III) Real world examples for the usage of comparative economic systems in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of comparative economic systems. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of comparative economic systems.

What is Economic Geography The study of economic activity and the factors that influence it is the only focus of the discipline of human geography known as economic geography. In the subject of economics, it is also possible to consider it a subfield or method.Within the field of economic geography, there are four subfields. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Economic geography Chapter 2: Human geography Chapter 3: Social science Chapter 4: Political economy Chapter 5: Regional science Chapter 6: Rural area Chapter 7: Economies of agglomeration Chapter 8: Urban economics Chapter 9: Alfred Weber Chapter 10: Feminist geography Chapter 11: Institutional economics Chapter 12: JEL classification codes Chapter 13: Quantitative revolution Chapter 14: Health geography Chapter 15: Regional economics Chapter 16: Spatial inequality Chapter 17: Geography Chapter 18: Rural economics Chapter 19: Economic history Chapter 20: Joseph Schumpeter Chapter 21: Global production network (II) Answering the public top questions about economic geography. (III) Real world examples for the usage of economic geography in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of economic geography. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of economic geography.

What is Economic Anthropology The field of economic anthropology is one that endeavors to provide an explanation for human economic behavior throughout the broadest possible historical, geographical, and cultural period. The fields of economics and anthropology are brought together in this work. Anthropologists are the ones who engage in this practice, and it has a complicated relationship with the field of economics, which is a discipline that it is extremely important to. The work of Bronislaw Malinowski, the Polish father of anthropology, and Marcel Mauss, a Frenchman, on the nature of reciprocity as an alternative to market exchange was the impetus for the development of this subfield of anthropology. To a large extent, the field of economic anthropology is concerned with the study of trading. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Economic anthropology Chapter 2: Barter Chapter 3: Gift economy Chapter 4: Anthropological theories of value Chapter 5: Marcel Mauss Chapter 6: Reciprocity (cultural anthropology) Chapter 7: Kula ring Chapter 8: The Gift (essay) Chapter 9: Structural anthropology Chapter 10: The Great Transformation (book) Chapter 11: Market (economics) Chapter 12: Harold K. Schneider Chapter 13: Gifting remittances Chapter 14: Inalienable possessions Chapter 15: Spheres of exchange Chapter 16: Organ gifting Chapter 17: Debt: The First 5000 Years Chapter 18: Embeddedness Chapter 19: Formalist-substantivist debate Chapter 20: Archaeology of trade Chapter 21: Chris Gregory (II) Answering the public top questions about economic anthropology. (III) Real world examples for the usage of economic anthropology in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of economic anthropology. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of economic anthropology.

What is Engineering Economics For information on how engineering economics can be utilized in the field of civil engineering, please refer to the section on engineering economics. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Engineering economics Chapter 2: Perfect competition Chapter 3: Opportunity cost Chapter 4: Cash flow Chapter 5: Net present value Chapter 6: Index of economics articles Chapter 7: Fixed capital Chapter 8: Cost Chapter 9: Health economics Chapter 10: Valuation (finance) Chapter 11: Cost of capital Chapter 12: Rate of profit Chapter 13: Business valuation Chapter 14: Equivalent annual cost Chapter 15: International business Chapter 16: Minimum acceptable rate of return Chapter 17: Profit (economics) Chapter 18: Constant capital Chapter 19: Surplus value Chapter 20: Glossary of economics Chapter 21: Engineering economics (civil engineering) (II) Answering the public top questions about engineering economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of engineering economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of engineering economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of engineering economics.

What is Development Economics The study of economics that focuses on the economic aspects of the development process in low- and middle-income nations is referred to as development economics. It is not only concerned with the techniques of fostering economic development, economic growth, and structural change, but it is also concerned with enhancing the potential for the majority of the people. For instance, it focuses on improving the circumstances of the workplace, education, and health care, and it takes this approach through either public or private channels. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Development economics Chapter 2: Mercantilism Chapter 3: Joseph Stiglitz Chapter 4: Import substitution industrialization Chapter 5: Economic development Chapter 6: Dependency theory Chapter 7: Jomo Kwame Sundaram Chapter 8: Paul Romer Chapter 9: Financial deepening Chapter 10: Ha-Joon Chang Chapter 11: Michael Kremer Chapter 12: Tim Besley Chapter 13: Frances Stewart (economist) Chapter 14: Michael Todaro Chapter 15: Anne Osborn Krueger Chapter 16: Pranab Bardhan Chapter 17: Tony Thirlwall Chapter 18: Masahiko Aoki Chapter 19: Romain Wacziarg Chapter 20: Eliana La Ferrara Chapter 21: Hillel Rapoport (II) Answering the public top questions about development economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of development economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of development economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of development economics.

What is Economic History The study of history that makes use of some of the methodological techniques that are used in economics or that pays particular attention to economic phenomena is known as economic history. For the purpose of conducting research, a combination of historical methodologies, statistical methods, and the application of economic theory to historical conditions and institutions are utilized. It is possible for this profession to span a wide range of subjects, such as equality, finance, technology, labor, and business. It places an emphasis on historicizing the economy itself, including doing an analysis of the economy as a dynamic entity and making an effort to provide insights into the way the economy is constructed and imagined. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Economic history Chapter 2: Joseph Schumpeter Chapter 3: Political economy Chapter 4: Gary Becker Chapter 5: Chicago school of economics Chapter 6: Cliometrics Chapter 7: W. Arthur Lewis Chapter 8: Economic sociology Chapter 9: Robert Fogel Chapter 10: Michio Morishima Chapter 11: Christopher A. Pissarides Chapter 12: Deirdre McCloskey Chapter 13: Susan Strange Chapter 14: Tony Atkinson Chapter 15: Mainstream economics Chapter 16: Joel Mokyr Chapter 17: Thomas Piketty Chapter 18: Cormac Ó Gráda Chapter 19: Capital in the Twenty-First Century Chapter 20: European Historical Economics Society Chapter 21: Research Center in Entrepreneurial History (II) Answering the public top questions about economic history. (III) Real world examples for the usage of economic history in many fields. Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of economic history.

What is Economic Development When it comes to the study of economics in the public sector, economic and social development refers to the process by which the economic well-being and quality of life of a nation, region, local community, or an individual are enhanced in accordance with specific goals and objectives. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Economic development Chapter 2: International Monetary Fund Chapter 3: Economic growth Chapter 4: Developing country Chapter 5: Index of economics articles Chapter 6: Business cycle Chapter 7: Industrial policy Chapter 8: Newly industrialized country Chapter 9: Development economics Chapter 10: Global North and Global South Chapter 11: International development Chapter 12: John Williamson (economist) Chapter 13: Dependency theory Chapter 14: Economy of Africa Chapter 15: Convergence (economics) Chapter 16: Structural adjustment Chapter 17: Poverty reduction Chapter 18: Development theory Chapter 19: Structuralist economics Chapter 20: Economic geography Chapter 21: Malaysia and the World Bank (II) Answering the public top questions about economic development. (III) Real world examples for the usage of economic development in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of economic development. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of economic development.

What is Marriage Economics The economics of marriage encompasses the economic examination of the creation and dissolution of households, as well as the decisions regarding production and distribution that occur within the family. A tight connection exists between it and the law as well as the economics of marriages and households. The Marxist method, the neo-classical approach, and the game theoretic approach are the three approaches that Grossbard-Shechtman considers as being applicable to the topic at hand. There is a positive correlation between sexual orientation and economic standing. When it comes to men, there is a marriage prime, which states that the wage of married men is fifteen percent greater than the wage of men who have never been married. One of the provisions of the Uniform Marital Property Act was a paragraph that addressed the distribution of individual property and shared property. A number of clauses are included in the Uniform Premarital Agreements Act, which are designed to assist two spouses in reaching a consensus over the division of rights and responsibilities prior to marriage. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Economics of marriage Chapter 2: Marriage Chapter 3: Cohabitation Chapter 4: Divorce Chapter 5: Alimony Chapter 6: Wife Chapter 7: Prenuptial agreement Chapter 8: Division of property Chapter 9: Matrimonial regime Chapter 10: Rights and responsibilities of marriages in the United States Chapter 11: Covenant marriage Chapter 12: Marital deduction Chapter 13: Uniform Premarital Agreement Act Chapter 14: Generation-skipping transfer tax Chapter 15: Marriage penalty Chapter 16: Income splitting Chapter 17: Canadian family law Chapter 18: Filing status Chapter 19: Divorce in the United States Chapter 20: Zelder paradox Chapter 21: Divorce law in Sweden (II) Answering the public top questions about marriage economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of marriage economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of marriage economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of marriage economics.

What is Environmental Economics An area of study within the discipline of economics that focuses on environmental concerns is known as environmental economics. Because of the growing concerns about the environment in the twenty-first century, it has become a subject that is researched by a large number of people. Environmental economics research "undertakes theoretical or empirical studies of the economic effects of national or local environmental policies around the world. Particular issues include the costs and benefits of alternative environmental policies to deal with air pollution, water quality, toxic substances, solid waste, and global warming." How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Environmental economics Chapter 2: Emissions trading Chapter 3: Externality Chapter 4: Market failure Chapter 5: Carbon tax Chapter 6: Index of economics articles Chapter 7: Environmental tax Chapter 8: Pigouvian tax Chapter 9: Free-market environmentalism Chapter 10: Eco-capitalism Chapter 11: Green economy Chapter 12: Contingent valuation Chapter 13: Polluter pays principle Chapter 14: Environmental good Chapter 15: Carbon price Chapter 16: Environmental enterprise Chapter 17: Market-based environmental policy instruments Chapter 18: Payment for ecosystem services Chapter 19: Green accounting Chapter 20: Environmentally honest market system Chapter 21: Pollution haven hypothesis (II) Answering the public top questions about environmental economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of environmental economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of environmental economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of environmental economics.

What is Feminist Economics The study of economics and economies from a critical perspective, with a particular emphasis on gender-aware and inclusive economic research and policy analysis, is referred to as feminist economics. Academics, activists, policy theorists, and practitioners are considered to be members of the feminist economic research community. There is a significant amount of research that is conducted by feminists in the field of economics that focuses on topics that have been neglected in the field, such as care work and intimate partner violence. Additionally, significant research is conducted on economic theories that could be improved by better incorporating gendered effects and interactions, such as between paid and unpaid sectors of economies. Additional feminist scholars have been involved in the development of novel approaches to data gathering and measurement, such as the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), as well as theories that are more gender-conscious, such as the capacities approach. The purpose of feminist economics is to "improve the well-being of children, women, and men in local, national, and transnational communities." This is something that feminist economics strives to do. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Feminist economics Chapter 2: Feminization of poverty Chapter 3: Double burden Chapter 4: Family economics Chapter 5: Marianne Ferber Chapter 6: Nancy Folbre Chapter 7: Bina Agarwal Chapter 8: Barbara Bergmann Chapter 9: Julie A. Nelson Chapter 10: Unpaid work Chapter 11: Care work Chapter 12: Lourdes Beneria Chapter 13: Work intensity Chapter 14: If Women Counted Chapter 15: Gender and development Chapter 16: Ailsa McKay Chapter 17: Non-monetary economy Chapter 18: Valuation of nonmarket housework Chapter 19: Naila Kabeer Chapter 20: Susan Himmelweit Chapter 21: Shahra Razavi (II) Answering the public top questions about feminist economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of feminist economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of feminist economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of feminist economics.

What is Industrial Organization The study of industrial organization is a subfield of economics that investigates the structure of firms and markets. This subfield is built on the idea of the firm of economics. Industrial organization introduces real-world complexities into the perfectly competitive model. These complications include transaction costs, limited knowledge, and barriers to entry for new enterprises, all of which may be linked with imperfect competition. In addition to analyzing the effects of government acts, it examines the factors that determine the organization and behavior of firms and markets along a continuum that ranges from competition to monopoly. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Industrial organization Chapter 2: Microeconomics Chapter 3: Political economy Chapter 4: Public choice Chapter 5: Competition Chapter 6: Monetary economics Chapter 7: Socioeconomics Chapter 8: Experimental economics Chapter 9: Personnel economics Chapter 10: JEL classification codes Chapter 11: Market concentration Chapter 12: Harold Demsetz Chapter 13: Jean Tirole Chapter 14: Edward Chamberlin Chapter 15: Agent-based computational economics Chapter 16: Catalyst Code Chapter 17: David S. Evans Chapter 18: Frederic M. Scherer Chapter 19: Public economics Chapter 20: Demographic economics Chapter 21: Joe Bain (II) Answering the public top questions about industrial organization. (III) Real world examples for the usage of industrial organization in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of industrial organization. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of industrial organization.

What is Entrepreneurial Economics The study of the entrepreneur and the role that entrepreneurship plays within the economy is referred to as entrepreneurial economics. The accumulation of factors of production is not sufficient to explain the evolution of the economy in and of itself. Despite the fact that they are essential components of production, they are not sufficient for the expansion of the economy. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Entrepreneurial economics Chapter 2: Joseph Schumpeter Chapter 3: Index of economics articles Chapter 4: Israel Kirzner Chapter 5: Internationalization Chapter 6: Classical economics Chapter 7: Frank Knight Chapter 8: Pigouvian tax Chapter 9: Richard Cantillon Chapter 10: William Baumol Chapter 11: Theory of the firm Chapter 12: Circular flow of income Chapter 13: Harvey Leibenstein Chapter 14: Mark Casson Chapter 15: History of economic thought Chapter 16: David B. Audretsch Chapter 17: Schumpeterian rent Chapter 18: Innovation economics Chapter 19: Entrepreneurship Chapter 20: Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy Chapter 21: History of microeconomics (II) Answering the public top questions about entrepreneurial economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of entrepreneurial economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of entrepreneurial economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of entrepreneurial economics.

What is Economic Sociology The field of economic sociology is concerned with the investigation of the social factors that affect a variety of economic phenomena. A classical period and a modern time, which is referred to as "new economic sociology," are two major categories that can be used to divide the field. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Economic sociology Chapter 2: Urban sociology Chapter 3: Socioeconomics Chapter 4: Social structure Chapter 5: Mark Granovetter Chapter 6: Culture of capitalism Chapter 7: Neil Smelser Chapter 8: Peter B. Evans Chapter 9: Richard Swedberg Chapter 10: Harrison White Chapter 11: Economics imperialism Chapter 12: Víctor Nee Chapter 13: Sociology Chapter 14: Nonmarket forces Chapter 15: Bibliography of sociology Chapter 16: Embeddedness Chapter 17: Jens Beckert Chapter 18: J. Rogers Hollingsworth Chapter 19: Socio-Economic Review Chapter 20: Arthur Stinchcombe Chapter 21: Nina Bandelj (II) Answering the public top questions about economic sociology. (III) Real world examples for the usage of economic sociology in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of economic sociology. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of economic sociology.

What is Family Economics The study of family economics involves applying many economic ideas to the context of the family, including production, division of labor, distribution, and decision making. The use of economic analysis is employed in order to provide an explanation for outcomes that are specific to families, such as marriage, the choice to have children, fertility, the amount of time spent on domestic production, and dowry payments. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Family economics Chapter 2: Economics Chapter 3: Labour economics Chapter 4: Gary Becker Chapter 5: Feminist economics Chapter 6: Household production function Chapter 7: Jacob Mincer Chapter 8: Labour supply Chapter 9: Economics imperialism Chapter 10: Distribution (economics) Chapter 11: Rural economics Chapter 12: Demographic economics Chapter 13: Household economics Chapter 14: Intra-household bargaining Chapter 15: Shoshana Grossbard Chapter 16: Economics of marriage Chapter 17: Review of Economics of the Household Chapter 18: Michael Grossman (economist) Chapter 19: Parental dividend Chapter 20: Robert A. Pollak Chapter 21: Junsen Zhang (II) Answering the public top questions about family economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of family economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of family economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of family economics.

What is Energy Economics Energy economics is a vast category of scientific study that encompasses a variety of themes that are associated with the supply and utilization of energy in society. The economic significance of the efficiency with which energy may be produced is determined by taking into account the cost of energy services and the value that is connected with them. One definition of energy services is functions that generate and supply energy to "desired end services or states." Energy services can be explained in this way. The efficiency of energy services is directly proportional to the engineered technology that is utilized in the production and distribution of those services. The objective is to reduce the amount of energy that is taken in during the production of the energy service, which includes things like lighting (lumens), heating (temperature), and fuel. Despite the fact that energy economics is relevant to a wide range of human activities, including individuals and enterprises at the microeconomic level and resource management and environmental implications at the macroeconomic level, the primary sectors that are taken into consideration in energy economics are transportation and building. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Energy economics Chapter 2: Economics Chapter 3: Macroeconomics Chapter 4: Environmental economics Chapter 5: Market failure Chapter 6: Behavioral economics Chapter 7: Economic efficiency Chapter 8: Managerial economics Chapter 9: Jevons paradox Chapter 10: William Baumol Chapter 11: Government failure Chapter 12: JEL classification codes Chapter 13: John Quiggin Chapter 14: Richard Blundell Chapter 15: Rebound effect (conservation) Chapter 16: New classical macroeconomics Chapter 17: Engineering economics Chapter 18: David Zilberman (economist) Chapter 19: Michael Greenstone Chapter 20: Shelly Lundberg Chapter 21: Inframarginal analysis (II) Answering the public top questions about energy economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of energy economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of energy economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of energy economics.

What is Health Economics The study of health economics is a subfield of economics that focuses on issues concerning the production and consumption of health and healthcare, including concerns concerning efficiency, effectiveness, value, and behavior. When it comes to figuring out how to enhance health outcomes and lifestyle patterns through interactions between individuals, healthcare providers, and clinical environments, health economics is an essential field to study. In a broad sense, health economists investigate the operation of healthcare systems as well as behaviors that have an impact on health, such as quitting smoking, developing diabetes, and being overweight. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Health economics Chapter 2: Microeconomics Chapter 3: Perfect competition Chapter 4: Opportunity cost Chapter 5: Externality Chapter 6: Price discrimination Chapter 7: Marginalism Chapter 8: Subjective theory of value Chapter 9: Allocative efficiency Chapter 10: Consumption (economics) Chapter 11: Real estate economics Chapter 12: High-deductible health plan Chapter 13: Margin (economics) Chapter 14: Industrial organization Chapter 15: Supplier-induced demand Chapter 16: Healthcare in the United States Chapter 17: Joseph Newhouse Chapter 18: Glossary of economics Chapter 19: Health care efficiency Chapter 20: Grossman model of health demand Chapter 21: Kate Ho (II) Answering the public top questions about health economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of health economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of health economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of health economics.

What is Managerial Economics In the field of economics, managerial economics is a subfield that focuses on the implementation of economic principles within the context of the decision-making process within organizations. The field of study known as economics examines the production, distribution, and consumption of various materials and services. The field of managerial economics is concerned with the application of economic theories and concepts in order to arrive at decisions concerning the distribution of limited resources.When it comes to making decisions concerning the company's consumers, competitors, suppliers, and internal operations, it provides managers with a foundation to follow. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Managerial economics Chapter 2: Microeconomics Chapter 3: Monopoly Chapter 4: Monopolistic competition Chapter 5: Oligopoly Chapter 6: Satisficing Chapter 7: Index of economics articles Chapter 8: Sunk cost Chapter 9: Price discrimination Chapter 10: Elasticity (economics) Chapter 11: Market power Chapter 12: Marginal revenue Chapter 13: Long run and short run Chapter 14: Demand Chapter 15: Economics education Chapter 16: Business economics Chapter 17: Neoclassical synthesis Chapter 18: Mathematical economics Chapter 19: Economics terminology that differs from common usage Chapter 20: Monopoly price Chapter 21: Macroeconomics (II) Answering the public top questions about managerial economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of managerial economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of managerial economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of managerial economics.

What is International Economics The field of international economics is concerned with the impacts that international disparities in consumer preferences and productive resources have on economic activity, as well as the international institutions that have an impact on these factors. The goal is to provide an explanation for the patterns and effects of contacts and transactions that take place between people living in various countries. These interactions and transactions include trade, investment, and transaction.The study of international trade examines the movement of commodities and services over international borders, taking into account supply-and-demand dynamics, economic integration, international factor movements, and policy variables such as tariff rates and trade quotas.The study of international finance focuses on the movement of capital across international financial markets as well as the impact that variations in exchange rates have on these movement patterns.Both international monetary economics and international macroeconomics are fields of study that investigate the movement of money between nations and the consequences that this movement has on the economy of those nations as a whole.The study of issues and repercussions resulting from international hostilities, international negotiations, and international sanctions; national security and economic nationalism; and international agreements and observance are all examples of topics that fall under the umbrella of international political economy, which is a sub-category of international relations. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: International economics Chapter 2: Balance of trade Chapter 3: International Monetary Fund Chapter 4: Keynesian economics Chapter 5: Free trade Chapter 6: Joseph Stiglitz Chapter 7: Index of economics articles Chapter 8: Protectionism Chapter 9: Global financial system Chapter 10: Balance of payments Chapter 11: International political economy Chapter 12: Globalization and Its Discontents Chapter 13: Foreign exchange reserves Chapter 14: Structural adjustment Chapter 15: Heckscher-Ohlin model Chapter 16: Capital control Chapter 17: Gains from trade Chapter 18: Spillover (economics) Chapter 19: International trade theory Chapter 20: First globalization Chapter 21: Glossary of economics (II) Answering the public top questions about international economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of international economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of international economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of international economics.

What is Green Economy A green economy is an economy that aims at reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities, and that aims for sustainable development without degrading the environment. It is closely related with ecological economics, but has a more politically applied focus. The 2011 UNEP Green Economy Report argues "that to be green, an economy must not only be efficient, but also fair. Fairness implies recognizing global and country level equity dimensions, particularly in assuring a Just Transition to an economy that is low-carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive." How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Green economy Chapter 2: Environmental finance Chapter 3: European Investment Bank Chapter 4: Ecological economics Chapter 5: Overconsumption (economics) Chapter 6: Business action on climate change Chapter 7: Forest management Chapter 8: Green job Chapter 9: Sustainability Chapter 10: Green growth Chapter 11: The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity Chapter 12: Green bond Chapter 13: Eco-investing Chapter 14: Climate change in Europe Chapter 15: Climate finance Chapter 16: Pavan Sukhdev Chapter 17: Green industrial policy Chapter 18: Clive Spash Chapter 19: European Green Deal Chapter 20: Green recovery Chapter 21: Sustainable finance (II) Answering the public top questions about green economy. (III) Real world examples for the usage of green economy in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of green economy. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of green economy.

What is Financial Economics The subfield of economics known as financial economics is distinguished by its "concentration on monetary activities" and the fact that "money of one type or another is likely to appear on both sides of a trade." It is therefore concerned with the interrelationship of financial factors, such as share prices, interest rates, and exchange rates, as opposed to those that pertain to the actual economy. Asset pricing and corporate finance are the two primary areas of concentration that it focuses on. The first is the viewpoint of those who offer capital, sometimes known as investors, and the second is the viewpoint of those who need capital.The theoretical foundation for a significant portion of finance is therefore provided by it. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Financial economics Chapter 2: Finance Chapter 3: Black-Scholes model Chapter 4: Capital asset pricing model Chapter 5: Real options valuation Chapter 6: Risk-neutral measure Chapter 7: Rational pricing Chapter 8: Arbitrage pricing theory Chapter 9: Beta (finance) Chapter 10: Monte Carlo methods in finance Chapter 11: Monte Carlo methods for option pricing Chapter 12: Business valuation Chapter 13: Asset pricing Chapter 14: Financial modeling Chapter 15: Lattice model (finance) Chapter 16: Georgism Chapter 17: Option (finance) Chapter 18: Heston model Chapter 19: Quantitative analysis (finance) Chapter 20: Mathematical finance Chapter 21: Contingent claim (II) Answering the public top questions about financial economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of financial economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of financial economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of financial economics.

What is Labour Economics The field of labor economics, sometimes known as labor economics, is concerned with gaining an understanding of the structures and dynamics of the markets for wage labor. Labour is a commodity that is provided by workers, more often than not in exchange for a wage that is paid by businesses that are in need of labour. Due to the fact that these workers are components of a social, institutional, or political system, labor economics must also take into account the social, cultural, and political factors that are present. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Labour economics Chapter 2: Minimum wage Chapter 3: Unemployment Chapter 4: Full employment Chapter 5: New Keynesian economics Chapter 6: Phillips curve Chapter 7: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money Chapter 8: Efficiency wage Chapter 9: Marginal revenue productivity theory of wages Chapter 10: Backward bending supply curve of labour Chapter 11: Labour supply Chapter 12: Frisch elasticity of labor supply Chapter 13: Neoclassical synthesis Chapter 14: Insider-outsider theory of employment Chapter 15: AD-AS model Chapter 16: Involuntary unemployment Chapter 17: Monopsony Chapter 18: Rehn-Meidner model Chapter 19: Factor market Chapter 20: Implicit contract theory Chapter 21: Keynes's theory of wages and prices (II) Answering the public top questions about labour economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of labour economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of labour economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of labour economics.

What is Law and Economics Law and economics, often known as economic analysis of law, is the process of applying microeconomic theory to the study of law rather than the other way around. A number of economists from the Chicago school of economics, including Aaron Director, George Stigler, and Ronald Coase, were principally responsible for the pioneering work that led to the development of this subject in the United States during the early 1960s. For the purpose of explaining the impacts of laws, determining which legal rules are economically effective, and predicting which legal rules will be adopted, this field makes use of concepts from economics. There are two major branches of law and economics: the first is based on the application of the methods and theories of neoclassical economics to the positive and normative analysis of the law, and the second is centered on an institutional analysis of law and legal institutions, with a broader focus on economic, political, and social outcomes, and overlapping with analyses of the institutions of politics and governance. Both of these branches are considered to be important in the field of law and economics. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Law and economics Chapter 2: Ronald Coase Chapter 3: Free-rider problem Chapter 4: James M. Buchanan Chapter 5: Coase theorem Chapter 6: Chicago school of economics Chapter 7: New institutionalism Chapter 8: Guido Calabresi Chapter 9: Armen Alchian Chapter 10: Aaron Director Chapter 11: Regulatory economics Chapter 12: New institutional economics Chapter 13: Harold Demsetz Chapter 14: Virginia school of political economy Chapter 15: Economic justice Chapter 16: Property rights (economics) Chapter 17: The Use of Knowledge in Society Chapter 18: The Problem of Social Cost Chapter 19: Arnold Plant Chapter 20: Constitutional economics Chapter 21: Francesco Parisi (economist) (II) Answering the public top questions about law and economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of law and economics in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of law and economics. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of law and economics.