Researching Multilingually Series

This book details the benefits of palliative care to improve the lives of patients with serious lung disease and their caregivers. Palliative care is specialized medical care for people living with a serious illness. This type of care is focused on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of a serious illness, and is often described as “an extra layer of support” for patients and their caregivers, as patients with malignant and nonmalignant lung disease experience great symptom burden and have advanced care planning needs. This book has three main objectives: Define the role of palliative care in advanced lung disease Incorporate a patient-centered perspective in describing symptom burden and interventions to improve quality of life Provide current initiatives to expand evidence-based practice and improve access to palliative care Written by leading experts in palliative care and respiratory medicine, the chapters seek to answer those objectives by first defining and describing palliative care, advanced lung disease, and inadequate palliative care in this patient population. Patient reported outcomes, quality of life, and interventions to help deal with the psychological toll of serious illness are then detailed, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for symptom management. Detailed information is additionally provided on current research studies and management for several lung diseases, including COPD, ILD, Lung Cancer, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Neuromuscular disease, and pediatric lung disease. The more administrative aspects of palliative care programs are then covered with an example of a specialty palliative care program for advanced lung disease and advice on how to address policy that promotes palliative care. Finally, palliative care's role during a pandemic is thoughtfully considered. This book is an ideal guide for clinicians, nurses, hospital administrators, teachers, students to help them understand and fill unmet care needs that many patients with serious lung disease experience.

This book serves as the primary reference for precision medicine in the fields of pulmonary, critical care and sleep medicine by documenting principles written by experts in several aspects of precision medicine. It combines fundamental concepts of the field with state-of-the-art studies and how they translate into individual preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic plans.   Precision medicine is focused on the integration of individual variability with disease prevention and treatment principles derived from population studies. This concept has risen to prominence in recent years in parallel with advances in genetics, molecular diagnostics and novel target-specific therapies. This fundamental shift in the approach to treatment has broad implications in how we prevent, diagnose and treat disease. Describing key concepts of precision medicine and relating these to pulmonary, critical care and sleep disorders is essential to educate relevant stakeholders and increase the impact of pulmonary precision medicine.                   The book is organized into seven sections: introduction; genetics; biomarkers; precise phenotyping; mobile health, wearables and telemedicine; precision therapeutics; and enabling widespread adoption of precision medicine. The chapters are organized with an introduction to the specific theme, followed by its basic concepts. They then delve into how these basic concepts relate to the larger theme of precision medicine, new precision medicine approaches to dealing with these problems, and key takeaway points. Liberally illustrated with images, figures, and tables, the text is thorough and intuitive for clinicians and researchers to learn the processes and applications of precision medicine.   This is an ideal guide for clinicians to learn new precision medicine concepts in the fields of genetics, genomics, mobilehealth, and how they apply to their practice and their patients, as well as researchers seeking a basic understanding of precision medicine to assist in designing future research studies. 

Alcohol Use Disorders and the Lung: A Clinical and Pathophysiological Approach is an excellent resource for clinicians who care for individuals affected by alcohol use disorders in diverse settings. Although alcohol abuse alone does not cause acute lung injury, it renders the lung susceptible to dysfunction in response to the inflammatory stresses of sepsis, trauma, and other clinical conditions recognized to cause acute lung injury. In parallel, these same pathophysiological effects of alcohol abuse significantly increase the risk of a wide range of serious lung infections. Many clinicians involved in the primary treatment of alcohol use disorders, such as addiction psychiatrists, will find this text of interest as it will expand their understanding of the health consequences of alcohol use disorders. In parallel, clinicians who specialize in pulmonary and/or critical care medicine will have a unique resource that provides a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology of alcohol-related lung disorders and insights into evolving therapeutic options in these vulnerable individuals. Alcohol Use Disorders and the Lung: A Clinical and Pathophysiological Approach fills a gap in the literature and presents the evolving clinical research that may soon lead to novel therapies that can improve lung health in individuals with alcohol use disorders and co-existing conditions such as HIV infection.

This book addresses the manifestation of lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lung disease in RA is common and often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This stems partially from the nature of RA and partially from the many therapies used to manage RA that are associated with pneumotoxicity. Despite the severity and commonality of this comorbidity, little has been written on the topic. This book thus takes a multidisciplinary approach to provide: a concise overview of RA and why lung disease so commonly coincides with it; overviews of the specific lung diseases, including interstitial lung disease, and their epidemiology, associated imaging, histopathology, biomarkers, and management; a presentation of risk factors for these diseases; and specifics on what still needs to be uncovered about these pulmonary manifestations. Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis is a comprehensive and practical resource for clinicians and clinician scientists in pulmonology, rheumatology, pathology, and primary care. 

This book presents a systematic approach to the potential pulmonary complications of various systemic non-pulmonary pediatric disorders. Chapters focus on the pulmonary complications associated with: the major organ systems, types of disorders, metabolic conditions, and various modalities. Although specific diseases will be discussed, the main focus will be on describing the associated organ mechanisms and how they can negatively affect the respiratory system. Each chapter will also discuss methods of prevention, the diagnostic test(s) that may be necessary to diagnose or monitor these complications, and, if applicable, the recommended therapeutic modalities. Pulmonary Complications of Non-Pulmonary Pediatric Disorders provides pulmonologists, pediatricians, and other clinicians with a detailed, reliable explanation of seemingly unrelated signs and symptoms so they can form a more thorough differential diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment.

This book provides an overview of key issues with regards to implementing telemedicine services as well as an in depth overview of telemedicine in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine. Topics range from specific practices to program development. Telemedicine has experienced explosive growth in recent years and yet, implementing telemedicine solutions is complex with substantial regulatory, legal, financial, logistical, and intra-organization/intra-personal barriers that must be overcome. This book provides the necessary information and guidance to address those complex issues. This book is broadly divided into two parts 1) a primer on requisite steps before embarking on telemedicine service development and 2) specific applications and examples where telemedicine is successfully utilized to improve quality of care in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine. The first part includes coverage of telemedicine and finance, regulatory and legal issues, and program development. The second part delves into specifics with information on ambulatory telemedicine programs, inpatient consultations, and tele-ICU programs. All chapters are written by interprofessional authors that are leaders in the field of telemedicine with extensive knowledge of diverse telemedicine programs and robust real-world experience on the topic. This is an ideal guide for telehealth program managers, and pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine professionals interested in improving their telehealth practice.

This book provides an unbiased and evidence-based guide to the potential role of interventional pulmonology as an alternative to thoracic surgery. Interventional pulmonology is a new and quickly growing sub-specialty in pulmonary medicine and increasingly more pulmonologists are turning to interventional therapies over the more costly and invasive surgical options. The text thoroughly presents detailed coverage of and diagnostic methods for many diseases and conditions that pulmonologists encounter daily, including: diffuse lung infiltrates, solitary lung nodule, undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemoptysis, and airway foreign body. Experts then detail treatment options, from both a surgical and interventional perspective, with guidance on: when each procedure is most appropriate, what can be performed by a pulmonologist (with guidelines on how those procedures are done) versus what needs to be referred to a thoracic surgeon or an intervention pulmonologist, and thebenefits and disadvantages involved with each option. This is an ideal guide for pulmonologists, trainees, and students to better understand the full scope of possible treatment options for their patients and to make the best informed decision about patient care.

The origin of modern intensive care units (ICUs) has frequently been attributed to the widespread provision of mechanical ventilation within dedicated hospital areas during the 1952 Copenhagen polio epidemic.  However, modern ICUs have developed to treat or monitor patients who have any severe, life-threatening disease or injury.  These patients receive specialized care and vital organ assistance such as mechanical ventilation, cardiovascular support, or hemodialysis.  ICU patients now typically occupy approximately 10% of inpatient acute care beds, yet the structure and organization of these ICUs can be quite different across hospitals.  In The Organization of Critical Care: An Evidence-Based Approach to Improving Quality, leaders provide a concise, evidence-based review of ICU organizational factors that have been associated with improved patient (or other) outcomes.  The topics covered are grouped according to four broad domains: (1) the organization, structure, and staffing of an ICU; (2) organizational approaches to improving quality of care in an ICU; (3) integrating ICU care with other healthcare provided within the hospital and across the broader healthcare system; and (4) international perspectives on critical care delivery.  Each chapter summarizes a different aspect of ICU organization and targets individual clinicians and healthcare decision makers.  A long overdue contribution to the field, The Organization of Critical Care: An Evidence-Based Approach to Improving Quality is an indispensable guide for all clinicians and health administrators concerned with achieving state-of-the-art outcomes for intensive care.

Over the past 20 years, diagnostic tests for pediatric pulmonologists have revolutionized care of children afflicted with respiratory disorders. These tests have been used to not only help in diagnosis, but also in the management and treatment of these children. Bronchoscopic, imaging and physiologic advances have improved clinical care of these children and have been used as outcome measures in research trials. Diagnostic Tests in Pediatric Pulmonology: Applications and Interpretation describes the various diagnostic modalities (especially the newer ones) that are available for the evaluation of pediatric respiratory disorders. It also provides an understanding of the advantages and limitations of each test so that the clinician may choose the most appropriate ones. An internationally renowned group of authors describe how best to interpret the key findings in a variety of tests as well as the possible pitfalls in incorrect interpretation. This volume focuses on the main diagnostic modalities used in the evaluation of pediatric patients with respiratory disorders and presents up-to-date information on the advantages and limitations of each test for a variety of conditions encountered in the practice of pediatric pulmonology. Clinical utility of these tests is also highlighted. This valuable resource is well suited to practicing clinicians, including pediatric pulmonologists, pediatricians and primary care practitioners, as well as trainees, respiratory therapists and clinical researchers.

This book is a guide to the research, findings, and discussions of US and international experts on climate change and respiratory health. Since the publication of the first edition, climate change has been increasingly acknowledged as being directly related to the prevalence and incidence of respiratory morbidity. Evidence is increasing that climate change does drive respiratory disease onset and exacerbation as a result of increased ambient and indoor air pollution, desertification, heat stress, wildfires, and the geographic and temporal spread of pollens, molds and infectious agents.  This second edition is fully updated to include the latest research by international experts on topics such as heat waves causing critical care-related diseases, climate-driven air pollution increases, and high-level ozone and ozone exposure linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and acute lower respiratory infection. Seven new chapters have also been added on extremeweather and agricultural safety in California; desert dust effects on lung health; climate policy and the EPA; California's integrated approach to air quality and climate change; integrating climate change, the environment, and sustainability themes into professional health science courses; and the role of the physician as climate advocate. This is an ideal guide for all pulmonologists and health professionals treating patients with pulmonary disease.

This book is a clinical guide to controversial and emerging topics in pulmonary hypertension. There are multiple challenges and unanswered questions encountered by clinicians that evaluate, diagnose and treat patients with suspected or confirmed pulmonary vascular disease. This book provides a deep dive into the diagnosis and therapeutics of pulmonary hypertension supported by the literature and balanced with personal clinical experience. Expert authors have chosen these specific topics to address issues where uncertainty and/or controversy exists as well as highlight areas that are just being incorporated into clinical practice. These topics include: exercise pulmonary hypertension, sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension, and sarcoid pulmonary hypertension, among many others. Chapters address the diagnostic and treatment dilemmas posed by these various clinical entities through literature review, sharing of expert opinion, and review of recent guidelines and their applicability to the multiple different nuanced presentations of pulmonary hypertension. This is an ideal guide for pulmonologists, cardiologists, and other specialty practitioners caring for patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Guide for the Practicing Clinician is a valuable resource for clinicians of varied disciplines concerning the care of the sarcoidosis patient. Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disorder and represents a major challenge to physicians. Although any organ may be involved with sarcoidosis, the lung is the most common organ affected. Chapters are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in caring for these patients. Detailed figures and tables are provided to guide the practicing clinician through all aspects of the condition, from clinical manifestations to treatment options. Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Guide for the Practicing Clinician is fully comprehensive and evidence-based and will be an essential addition to the bookshelves of all whose practice involves the care and treatment of patients with sarcoidosis.

As a result of the rapidly growing rate of obesity worldwide, clinicians are struggling to provide the best strategies for treating obese patients with concomitant pulmonary conditions. Obesity does not simply change the epidemiology of pulmonary disease; obesity has a profound impact on the pathophysiology of common pulmonary diseases. Obesity affects the severity of asthma, response to treatment, and is likely a major modifier of the phenotype of asthma. Obesity also appears to affect response to pathogens, and as such has a major influence on response to pneumonia, and has a significant impact on outcomes pertaining to acute lung injury in the intensive care unit. Obesity and Lung Disease: A Guide to Management is the first text in the field to cover the full range of issues related to managing obese patients with pulmonary problems. All the relevant conditions, in the context of obesity, are covered, including airway inflammation, sleep apnea, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, obesity hypoventilation, as well as others. Written by an international group of experts, this important new volume is an invaluable resource for all clinicians and scientists concerned with the challenging problems surrounding obesity and lung diseases.  

Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Lung Transplantation presents the most current and up-to-date evidence regarding the diagnosis and management of BOS.  In-depth chapters provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the definition and changing perceptions of the nature of BOS as a clinical and pathologic entity, immune and non-immune mechanisms that have been identified as risk factors for the development of BOS, and interventions that may prove to be clinically useful for the prevention or treatment of BOS.  In addition to outlining the current state of knowledge, each chapter provides the reader with the most current and ongoing research in the field as well as identifies areas where future research is needed. Written by an international group of expert authors, Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Lung Transplantation is an important new text, that is essential reading for pulmonologists, primary care practitioners, respiratory care practitioners and clinical researchers.

  Gastroesophageal Reflux and the Lung provides a comprehensive review of current knowledge concerning normal deglutition and foregut digestive processes and examines how abnormalities of swallowing or excessive/abnormal GER can lead to respiratory tract dysfunction and lung disease.  In-depth Chapters deliver a concise review of the prevalence of GER in patients with lung disease and synthesize the current evidence regarding its diagnosis and management.  Each chapter includes key points and a summary.  In addition to outlining the current state of knowledge, each chapter provides a summary of ongoing research in the field and identifies the need for future research. Written by an international group of authors who are experts in their respective fields, Gastroesophageal Reflux and the Lung is a valuable resource for practicing clinicians, internists, pulmonologists and primary care personnel.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects millions of people across the world. COPD is not only a major burden to patients but is also costly and results in billions of dollars of direct and indirect costs annually. In recent years and with advancement of science, the understanding of COPD has improved significantly. Fortunately, current management guidelines consider COPD a preventable and treatable condition, and recent studies clearly indicate that available pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions may improve various clinical outcomes. COPD: A Guide to Diagnosis and Clinical Management offers an exciting, evidence-based assessment of the field and will be of significant interest to clinicians who care for patients with COPD, including primary care providers and specialists. Comprehensive and state-of-the-art, this title is authored by experts who took the task of developing a resource that focuses on the essential issues in caring for patients with COPD. The first four chapters of the book cover major points about the systemic nature of COPD, the clinical and physiological assessments, and the outcome measures and prognostic markers. In the following section, various pharmacologic and non-pharmacological management strategies are reviewed based on the available evidence. The final sections outline the non-pulmonary effects of COPD and their management. COPD: A Guide to Diagnosis and Clinical Management is a vital, evidence-based text that will prove invaluable for all clinicians who care for patients with this debilitating disorder.

This book is a comprehensive and authoritative source on nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pathogens and diseases and their appropriate management, with a focus on lung disease. NTM diseases, especially lung diseases, are increasing in prevalence in the U.S. and internationally with concomitant growing interest in a broad section of the medical community. Often merely included in coverage of tuberculosis, many aspects of NTM organisms and diseases are actually very different than TB.  These differences are not intuitive or trivial and frequently result in suboptimal management of NTM patients.  This book addresses these gaps in the literature with chapters on microbiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, the various diseases that can stem from NTM, and their particular management. There is also coverage on prevention and NTM as a public health problem. For pulmonologists and infectious disease physicians, this is the definitive resource on nontuberculous mycobacteria.

This book is a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis and management of all stages of pulmonary embolism, starting with acute and ending with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is responsible for 150-250,000 hospitalizations and 60-100,000 deaths each year in the United States, making it the third most common cause of cardiovascular death. Acute PE spans a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes mainly based on the right ventricle’s (RV) capacity to tolerate strain. There have been many recent advances in the field of PE, including guidelines on classification and risk stratification, anticoagulation, as well as evolving areas in treatment options and follow up. The text begins with a review of the epidemiology and risk factors for PE. Chapters then delve into reviewing the decision pathways based on PE severity and treatment options, including the use of oral anticoagulation, systemic and catheter-directed thrombolysis, mechanical and surgical thrombectomy, and hemodynamic support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The text then focuses on post-PE complications such as post-PE syndrome, chronic thromboembolic disease, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This is an ideal guide for providers of lung health, including pulmonary and critical care physicians, cardiologists, thoracic and cardiovascular surgeons. Physician-trainees, physician assistants, nurses and respiratory therapists with interest in pulmonary disorders, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary embolism, critical care or pulmonary hypertension will also find great value in this comprehensive guide.

This is a book for clinician educators. It offers modern, evidence-based practices to use in teaching learners at a range of levels, with an emphasis on concrete strategies that teachers can implement in their own clinical practices as well as in small and large group settings.  Medical education is rapidly changing with emerging evidence on best practices and a proliferation of new technologies. As strategies for effectively teaching medical learners evolve, it is important to understand the implications for Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine (PCCM). This text is structured to allow easy access to the reader.  Chapters are organized around level of learner (e.g., medical student to PCCM fellow to practicing physicians) as well as the location of teaching. Given the variety of clinical settings in which PCCM physicians teach, specific consideration of best practices, broad changes in curricular design and pedagogy are considered in different clinical contexts. Each chapter begins with a focus on why the topic is important for clinician educators. A review of the available evidence and relevant medical education theory about the topic follows, with examples from specific studies that provide insight into best practices regarding the concepts and topics discussed in the chapter. For chapters focusing on learners, different environments are considered and similarly, if the focus is on the learning environment, attention is paid to the approach to different learners. Each chapter ends with a summary of the primary points from the chapter and concrete examples of how clinician teachers can put the concepts discussed in the chapter into practice. This is an ideal guide for educators in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine. 

People age 65 and older are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population.  In the 2010 census 16% of the population, 50 million people, were age 65 and older.  That number is projected to increase to 66 million by the year 2050.  Life expectancy has also increased, with recent CDC reports indicating life expectancy at 77.9 years.  Age-adjusted death rates have decreased significantly with the largest changes occurring in older patients.  Despite these trends, the 10 leading causes of death include several pulmonary etiologies including lung cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, influenza and pneumonia. Aging and Lung Disease: A Clinical Guide is devoted to understanding the impact of respiratory diseases in older patients.  It includes reviews of physiology of the aging lung, allergy and immunology of the aging, as well as sleep changes over the life cycle.  There are also comprehensive reviews on specific disease topics including chronic obstructive lung disease, lung cancer, atypical mycobacteria, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep disorders in older patients.  Two chapters focus on unique issues in older patients; HIV and lung transplant. Included also are important chapters on assessing functional and cognitive status and end-of-life issues in older patients with lung disease.  In addition to outlining the current state of knowledge, each chapter focuses on special considerations when caring for older patients.  Of particular interest to pulmonologists, internists, and gerontologists, other readers, such as pulmonary and geriatric nurse practitioners, as well as clinical researchers interested in both pulmonary and aging issues, willfind Aging and Lung Disease: A Clinical Guide to be a vital resource for improving their care of older patients with lung disorders.