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  • Medieval Warfare Magazine3 min read
    Reviews
    After coming to the end of any great work of the imagination it is hard not to ask, “What now?” One option is to become just as obsessed with how the book or movie or piece of music was made. Tom Shippey has already written a history of Tolkien's Lor
    Medieval Warfare Magazine2 min read
    Editorial
    Charles IV of Bohemia (1316–1378, r. 1346-1378) was King of the Romans and of Bohemia, as well as Holy Roman Emperor. Born Wenceslaus to parents connected with the notable Luxembourg and Přemyslid dynasties, he took on the name Charles to honor his F
    Medieval Warfare Magazine2 min read
    Charles IV And Historiography
    The rule of Charles IV could be characterized as a ‘golden age’ of medieval Bohemian historiography. The importance of the past and its instrumentalisation in the context of regal and dynastic representation were key aspects of his ruling style. Ther
    Medieval Warfare Magazine3 min read
    Medieval World readings CHARLES IV OF BOHEMIA
    Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347–1437 Edited by Barbara Drake Boehm and Jirí Fajt Yale University Press, 2005 ISBN: 978-0300111385 Autobiography of Emperor Charles IV and his Legend of St Wenceslas Edited by Balázs Nagy Central European University
    Medieval Warfare Magazine2 min read
    The ‘Roman Slayer'
    When Basil II destroyed and absorbed the Bulgarian empire in 1014, the victory earned him the title of the ‘Bulgar Slayer.’ Almost two hundred years later, the ruler of a restored Bulgaria dubbed himself the ‘Roman slayer’ in revenge. It was a title
    Medieval Warfare Magazine1 min read
    Latin And Translation
    The proficiency of Latin among medieval writers varied widely. But the writers who could write the kind of Latin that Cicero or Augustine wrote had been trained to imitate ancient writers. Christian monks copied pagan poets because those poets were f
    Medieval Warfare Magazine1 min read
    The Imjin War
    In 1592, with Hideyoshi Toyotomi having unified Japan into a single, centrally run state, plans were underway for a new invasion. This time, from Japan to the Korean Peninsula. Tsushima Island would once again find itself in the way. Hideyoshi's init
    Medieval Warfare Magazine1 min read
    Evidence For Viking Dental Care
    Viking Age teeth from Sweden bear witness to surprisingly advanced dentistry. The study, carried out at the University of Gothenburg, examined 3,293 teeth from 171 individuals among the population of Varnhem in Västergötland, Sweden. In 2005 uncovere
    Medieval Warfare Magazine8 min read
    Give Point!
    In February 1266, factions backed by the emperor and the pope were fighting for control of the Kingdom of Sicily and its lands in the Italian peninsula. The pope had called Count Charles of Anjou to lead an army into Italy, and the usurper Manfred, k
    Medieval Warfare Magazine6 min read
    The Turtle's Husband Or The Legend Of Urashima The Fisherman
    You might already be familiar with this story. Urashima Taro is a long-standing and popular Japanese fairy tale. Even if you are not, you are probably familiar with another story of a person who encounters an animal who turns out to be a human in dis
    Medieval Warfare Magazine8 min read
    Tsushima Island
    As the thirteenth century drew to a close, Northeast Asia looked very different than it had for the previous millennium. The Mongols had exploded across the region in shocking fashion, altering the geo-political landscape in a way that sent ripples w
    Medieval Warfare Magazine9 min read
    The Battle Of Adrianople
    Geoffrey of Villehardouin recorded how Comte Louis “immediately started off in pursuit of the Comans” outside of Adrianople. Perceptions of cowardice on the field of battle could prove the ruin of a medieval lord, but in the case of Baldwin of Fland
    Medieval Warfare Magazine2 min read
    A Prehistoric Artefact In A Fifteenth-century Painting
    Researchers believe that an object in a fifteenth-century painting is actually a handaxe that could be as much as 500,000 years old. Half a million years ago, our human ancestors began to use large, stone tools known as “Acheulean handaxes” to cut me
    Medieval Warfare Magazine3 min read
    It's In The Mail
    Armour was essential to the identity of the medieval knight. In medieval sources, they are often referred to as armati or loricati – ‘armoured men’ or ‘mail-clad men'. Knights, and those with the income of a ‘knight's fee’ (traditionally £20 per year
    Medieval Warfare Magazine3 min read
    Victory In The East
    Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade By John France ISBN: 978-0521589871 Cambridge University Press, 1997 $37.99 (paperback) www.cambridge.org The First Crusade was a military undertaking greater than any of its participants h
    Medieval Warfare Magazine1 min read
    Medieval World Culture & Conflict Magazine
    Editor-in-chief: Jasper Oorthuys Editor: Alice Isabella Sullivan Image research: Lauren van Zoonen Design & media: Christy Beall Artwork advisers: Robert W. Jones (Advanced Studies in England, Franklin and Marshall College), Robert C. Woosnam-Savage
    Medieval Warfare Magazine1 min read
    The Secrets Of A Queen's Lost Letters
    Coded letters penned by Mary Queen of Scots while she was imprisoned in England by her cousin Queen Elizabeth I have been uncovered by a team of international codebreakers. The contents of the letters were believed to have been lost for centuries. Th
    Medieval Warfare Magazine2 min read
    ‘Govan Warrior’ Discovered In Scotland
    Archaeologists working in the Scottish city of Glasgow have discovered an early medieval carved stone of a warrior figure. Dubbed the ‘Govan Warrior’, it is a unique object, even compared to other medieval stone artifacts found at the Govan Old Churc
    Medieval Warfare Magazine8 min read
    A New Charles
    Charles united the dynasty of a powerful Central European country with the dynasty that had previously attained the crown of the Holy Roman Empire. Beginning in the late tenth century, the Bohemian lands – traditionally including Bohemia and Moravia
    Medieval Warfare Magazine4 min read
    CULTURAL & POLITICAL SUPERPOWERS
    Charles became king of Bohemia (1346), king of the Romans (1346), and later Holy Roman Emperor (1355), and promoted a concept of royal power based on respect for the sacred. Moreover, in the footsteps of his father, Charles combined the territorial g
    Medieval Warfare Magazine2 min read
    The Bohemian Crown Jewels
    The Crown Jewels of Bohemia – the coronation regalia of Bohemian monarchs – are preserved in a special chamber in Saint Vitus Cathedral. Modeled on the coronation regalia of the Holy Roman Emperors, equally lavish and symbolically meaningful, the Cro
    Medieval Warfare Magazine2 min read
    Charles IV As Knight And Commander
    Charles IV of Bohemia was a peaceful king, diplomat, builder, and collector of religious relics; not at all a knight and commander like his father, John of Luxembourg. During the national revival of the nineteenth century, Czech historians reinforced
    Medieval Warfare Magazine5 min read
    The Likenesses Of Charles IV
    A double portrait of Charles IV and his wife Anna of Świdnica holding up a reliquary in the Chapel of Saint Catherine at Karlštejn Castle. Throughout his reign, Charles's likeness was used to convey various political, spiritual, and ideological messa
    Medieval Warfare Magazine3 min read
    A Ruler's Dual Identity
    The introduction to the Vita Karoli, the autobiography of Charles IV, opens up the theme of the moral evaluation of an individual's performance in the world: “To my successors who sit upon my double throne: recognize the dual nature of life on earth
    Medieval Warfare Magazine1 min read
    DNA Used To Discover Origins Of Medieval Chess Set
    Researchers in Poland have discovered new details about a nearly complete medieval chess set. By obtaining DNA from pieces of the Sandomierz chess set, they could determine what animals were used to make them. Discovered in 1962 during an archaeologi
    Medieval Warfare Magazine1 min read
    Early Medieval Saddle Discovered In Mongolia
    In April 2015, looters sacked an ancient cave burial at a site called Urd Ulaan Uneet high within the Altai Mountains of western Mongolia. When police apprehended the criminals, they uncovered, among other artifacts, an elegantly carved saddle made f
    Medieval Warfare Magazine5 min read
    The Charles Bridge
    After his death, Charles IV's embalmed body was on view in Prague Castle for eleven days. Then, on 11 December 1378, a city-wide procession began, which lasted four days. The emperor's body made its way from Hradčany through the Lesser Town and onto
    Medieval Warfare Magazine7 min readIslam
    Creating The Quran
    The Great Mosque of Sana'a in Yemen has preserved one of the earliest manuscripts of the Quran, dating to the seventh century. What makes a Muslim a good Muslim? Once the Arabs ruled the world from the Atlantic to Persia, this became an important que
    Medieval Warfare Magazine3 min read
    Charles IV Of Bohemia
    Born to a father connected to the Luxembourg dynasty (the royal family of the Holy Roman Empire) and a mother tied to the Přemyslid dynasty (the royal family of Bohemia), Charles had only a minimum of Czech blood. But this did not impede him from bec
    Medieval Warfare Magazine1 min read
    On The Cover
    A detail from the wall painting in the Chapel of Our Lady from Karlštejn Castle, showing Charles IV placing a relic of the True Cross (i.e. the cross on which Christ was crucified) into the large gold and gemencrusted Bohemian Reliquary Cross. The pa

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