In episode 95 of The Gradient Podcast, Daniel Bashir speaks to Nao Tokui.Nao Tokui is an artist/DJ and researcher based in Tokyo. While pursuing his Ph.D. at The University of Tokyo, he produced his first music album and singles using AI, including a 12-inch record with Nujabes, a legendary Japanese hip-hop producer. After completing his Ph.D. research, he founded Qosmo, AI Creativity and Music Lab, in 2009. Since then, he has been actively working at the intersection of AI technology and art. Nao and his team's works have been exhibited at renowned venues such as the New York MoMA and the Barbican Centre in London. Their performances have also been showcased at various music festivals, including MUTEK and Sonar. Additionally, he is leading the development of AI-based music instruments at his newly founded company, Neutone. In 2021, Nao received the Okawa Publishing Award for his Japanese book on art, creativity, and AI. The book is scheduled to be released in English as "Surfing human creativity with AI — A user's guide" in November 2023.Have suggestions for future podcast guests (or other feedback)? Let us know here or reach us at editor@thegradient.pubSubscribe to The Gradient Podcast:  Apple Podcasts  | Spotify | Pocket Casts | RSSFollow The Gradient on TwitterOutline:* (00:00) Intro* (02:15) Nao’s background and how he got into AI and music* (05:10) Nao’s experiences as a DJ, collaboration with Nujabes* (07:10) HCI and music* (10:35) Leveraging the difference between AI systems and humans* (12:40) Total control vs total chaos* (13:45) Qosmo and the Neutone Project, misusable AI tools* (17:25) On music and “creating something new”* (21:00) Declarative and top-down vs. bottom-up creation, individual taste* (23:50) How generative AI enables humans* (26:25) On misusing technology and art* (32:00) Dawn Patrol EP* (36:00) A two-discriminator GAN for creating music in new genres* (37:45) The AI DJ Project* (38:20) The interactive vision of the project* (42:10) How AI chooses music, breaking from constraints* (43:15) Interpretability and how an AI system DJs differently* (45:15) How the project altered Nao’s perspective on DJing, the role of humans* (51:40) Nao’s book Creating with AI* (55:15) Human-AI interaction as joint improvisation* (58:10) Nao’s advice and takeaways for thinking about AI creatively* (1:01:32) OutroLinks:* Nao’s homepage and Twitter* Other links:* Neutone, AI audio plugin* Real-time AI-generative DJ performance* Qosmo* Dawn Patrol EP* Nao’s book: Surfing human creativity with AI — A user's guide* Paper on Creative-GAN for deviating from existing music genres Get full access to The Gradient at thegradientpub.substack.com/subscribe