The root concept of “learning styles” is based on a simple and intuitive idea: different people most successfully learn through different means. Or maybe they best learn through different sensory or emotional inputs. Possibly because people with differing brains make them more receptive to certain ways of knowing and absorbing information. Some people managed to take this intuitive idea and build massively successful careers for decades. Students were labeled “Visual,” “Aural,” or “Kinesthetic” learners.

The problem, as researchers discovered in the ‘00s, is that there’s no good evidence to suggest that any of the “learning styles” models popular with teachers actually improved educational outcomes. But that did little to slow the popularity of learning styles — or the mini industry built up around them.

References

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Furey, William, “The Stubborn Myth of Learning Styles” (2023)
https://www.educationnext.org/stubborn-myth-learning-styles-state-teacher-license-prep-materials-debunked-theory/

Pashler, H., McDaniel, M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. (2008). Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 9(3), 105-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01038.x

Sun X, Norton O, Nancekivell SE. Beware the myth: learning styles affect parents', children's, and teachers' thinking about children's academic potential. NPJ Sci Learn.

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37848467/

Coffield, F. (2004). Learning Styles and Pedagogy in Post-16 Learning: a Systematic and Critical Review. LSRC Reference, Learning & Skills Research Center, London.
https://www.leerbeleving.nl/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/learning-styles.pdf

Cassidy, Simon (2004) Learning Styles: An overview of theories, models, and measures, Educational Psychology, 24:4, 419-444, DOI: 10.1080/0144341042000228834
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341042000228834

Rogowsky, Beth A., et al. “Matching Learning Style to Instructional Method: Effects on Comprehension.” Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 107, no. 1, 2015, pp. 64–78., doi:10.1037/a0037478.

“Belief in Learning Styles Myth May Be Detrimental.” PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2019, doi:10.1037/e504772019-001.

Fleming, N., and Baume, D. (2006) “Learning Styles Again: VARKing up the right tree!”, Educational Developments, SEDA Ltd, Issue 7.4, Nov. 2006, p4-7.

Knoll, Abby R., et al. “Learning Style, Judgements of Learning, and Learning of Verbal and Visual Information.” British Journal of Psychology, vol. 108, no. 3, 2016, pp. 544–563., doi:10.1111/bjop.12214.

Nancekivell, Shaylene E., et al. “Maybe They’Re Born with It, or Maybe It’s Experience: Toward a Deeper Understanding of the Learning Style Myth.” Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 112, no. 2, 2020, pp. 221–235., doi:10.1037/edu0000366.

Hyman, Ronald & Rosoff, Barbara (1984) Matching learning and teaching styles: The jug and what's in it, Theory Into Practice, 23:1, 35-43, DOI:
10.1080/00405848409543087
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Learning Styles Network Resources Brochure
https://web.archive.org/web/20050527165802fw_/http://www.learningstyles.net/2004/resource_brochure/resource_brochure.pdf