This conversation with Murray Gingras is about how the first animals survived in low oxygen environments, based on Murray Gingras, James W. Hagadorn, Adolf Seilacher, Stefan V. Lalonde, Ernesto Pecoits, Daniel Petrash, and Kurt O. Konhauser's  scientific article titled “Possible evolution of mobile animals in association with microbial mats”.  What was the world like 2-3 Billion years ago during the Edicarian time period?  What are some of the first trace fossils that we see on Earth?  How did animals survive in low oxygen environments?  How does the oxygen signature change around microbial mats?May this exchange serve to expand your geological knowledge on the go.For more information go to www.stoneconsulting.infoCitation: Gingras, M., Hagadorn, J., Seilacher, A. et al. Possible evolution of mobile animals in association with microbial mats. Nature Geosci 4, 372–375 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1142