"...jaundice is the yellow discoloration of the skin that is seen when bilirubin levels go above approximately 3 milligrams per deciliter but it can also be seen a particularly well in the sclera so first of all we need to know a little bit about bilirubin bilirubin is a breakdown product of him and is released from red blood cells when they are destroyed now bilirubin needs to get to the liver in order to be and the way it gets there is by initially being bound by albumin and then been transported to the liver via the blood it then gets taken up into the hepatic cells and is by the enzyme glucose urinal transfer is then secreted into the biliary system now this is the distinction between conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin the presence or absence of this glucose Iran sometimes this is referred to as soluble and insoluble bilirubin now direct and indirect bilirubin are often used as equivalence to conjugate it and unconjugated bilirubin but technically correct direct bilirubin includes conjugated bilirubin and Delta bilirubin which is the bilirubin bound to albumin that we mentioned earlier from there the conjugated bilirubin is present in the bayou and is secreted into the duodenum from the duodenum it travels through the small intestine up to the terminal ileum when most of the biological hepatic circulation but conjugated bilirubin is not reabsorbed it instead passes into the colon where the bacteria remove the gluco uronic acid that was added in the liver and forms urobilinogen which is colorless which is then oxidized into Starck or billion which gives feces it's brown color this is why in cases where the common bile duct is blocked you'll end up seeing pale stools right for anyone who's not been bored out of their mind by that bit will get into the causes of jaundice that you've probably heard split up into different categories these are pre hepatic hip-hop all post hypnotic jaundice which is also sometimes known as obstructive jaundice pre hepatic jaundice will have increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin because we are talking problem occurring before the bilirubin gets deliver these are going to be causes featuring excessive hemolysis so red blood cells being destroyed quicker than usual hemolytic anemia blood transfusions and hemolytic drugs hepatic causes are due to either having damaged hepato sites which is the case in hepatitis cirrhosis..."
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