Americans want reliable, affordable and cleaner electricity. This episode's guest, Dr. Joe Bowring, says if working properly, competitive markets will deliver those goals – but there are a lot of challenges from the pressure to subsidize power plants and new policy goals. He’s the referee – or independent market monitor – for PJM Interconnection, the nation’s largest grid operator and competitive wholesale electricity market. We discuss why subsidies to nuclear plants like those passed in Illinois drive up costs and harm market efficiency, the true impact of the Minimum Offer Price Rule (MOPR) on energy resources in PJM, and how we can better design markets to deliver emissions reductions while keeping costs low and the lights on.