On Episode 17 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the June 2022 issue of Stroke: “Vitamin D Enhances Hematoma Clearance and Neurologic Recovery in Intracerebral Hemorrhage” and “Acute Ischemic Stroke, Depressed Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, and Sinus Rhythm: Prevalence and Practice Patterns.” She also interviews Dr. Bruce Campbell on his article “Role of Intravenous Thrombolytics Prior to Endovascular Thrombectomy.” Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         Let's start with some questions. 1) Is vitamin D that golden key to recovery from intracerebral hemorrhage? 2) Endovascular therapies seem to have prevailed where thrombolytics have failed. In the era of fast and furious thrombectomy, what is the role of pre-thrombectomy thrombolysis? 3) And finally, 20 years of clinical research has failed to demonstrate the superiority of anticoagulation over antiplatelet therapies for treatment of patients in sinus rhythm with low left ventricular ejection fraction, and yet, our practice patterns have not changed. Why do we remain resolute in prescribing anticoagulation despite the lack of evidence? We're back here to tackle the toughest questions with our Stroke Alert Podcast because this is the latest in Stroke. Stay with us. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         Welcome back to another extremely motivating Stroke Alert Podcast. My name is Negar Asdaghi. I'm an Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and your host for the monthly Stroke Alert Podcast. The June 2022 issue of Stroke contains a number of interesting articles. As part of our Advances in Stroke, we have two articles, one on the topic of cost-effectiveness of stroke care to inform health policy and the second on the current state and the future of emerging stroke therapies. As part of our Original Contributions category, we have an interesting study by Dr. [Ben] Assayag and colleagues from the Department of Neurology at Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, where we learned that just over 10% of patients with TIA and stroke developed post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD. Higher presenting stroke severity, preexisting white matter disease, and having anxious coping styles are risk factors for development of post-stroke PTSD. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         In another Original Contribution, by Dr. Daehoon Kim and colleagues from Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, we read with interest on the topic of whether or not we should be anticoagulating frail patients with atrial fibrillation. In this large population-based cohort, which included patients with atrial fibrillation older than 65 years of age with frailty as defined by a score of equal or greater than five on Hospital Frailty Risk Score, we learned that despite their frailty, patients with atrial fibrillation still significantly benefit from oral anticoagulation therapy. In this study, those treated with anticoagulation had lower net adverse clinical events as compared to those untreated. We also learned that direct oral anticoagulants provided lower incidence of stroke, bleeding, and mortality over Coumadin. This paper really provided practical information on treatment of frail patients with atrial fibrillation. So, I encourage you to review these papers in addition to listening to our podcast today. Later in the podcast, I have the great pleasure of interviewing Dr. Bruce Campbell from University of Melbourne in Australia on an especially timely topic, that is the role of intravenous thrombolytics prior to endovascular therapy. Dr. Campbell is a leading authority on the topic, and his interview does not disappoint. But first, with these two articles. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         In the setting of intracerebral hemorrhage, or ICH, aside from the primary brain insult that occurs at the time of hemorrhage, secondary brain injuries continue for days and sometimes to months mostly due to the pathological response of the brain to byproduct