It is often said that there is, "nothing new under the sun", and with a few exceptions (e.g. negative nominal interest rates, negatively priced oil, TikTok) that is true, even with a monetary gewgaw like quantitative easing.  Japan, so as to revive its economy, has been implementing different flavors of QE for just under two decades now (that's all one really needs to know about its effectiveness).  In this episode we explore what lead up to the first QE program with a tour guide: Milton Friedman.What was Friedman's analysis of 1970-90 from the perspective of money supply and economic activity?  How did the Bank of Japan seemingly lose its way during the 1990s when it had 'got it all right' during the 70s and 80s?  Why did Friedman believe that QE would be the solution?  Why did the Japanese bond market disagree from the get-go?  Why is a sovereign bond market important anyway?  Why do low rates - not high - signal monetary tightness and vice versa?  On the other side of the Pacific, in late 2001, with the Good Ship Q.E. having already been launched,  researcher Mark Spiegel from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco raised a critical question: what if private banks don't want to put this newly 'printed money' to work?  In Japan that question has remained unanswered for two decades.  In the United States and Europe?  Over a decade.  Is it a matter of difficulty or ideology that impedes the answer?  We believe it is the latter.WHATThere Was Never A Need To Translate ‘Weimar’ Into Japanese by Jeff SniderReviving Japan by Milton FriedmanQuantitative Easing by the Bank of Japan by Mark SpiegelA Tally of 23 Japanese QEs by Jeff SniderWHOJeff Snider, Chief Investment Officer of Alhambra Investments and Emil Kalinowski, not bad at fantasy football.  Artwork by David Parkins, curator of the illustrated aesthetic.