Welcome back to the Bar Exam Toolbox podcast! In today's episode, we talk about how corporations are formed, what happens when formation isn’t completed, and the details of pre-formation contract liability.  In this episode, we discuss: How is a corporation properly formed? Characteristics of de facto, de jure, and corporations by estoppel Analyzing two hypos, from the February 2013 and February 2005 California bar exams The Revised Model Business Corporation Act Promoter liability in pre-incorporation contracts Resources: “Listen and Learn” series (https://barexamtoolbox.com/bar-exam-toolbox-podcast-archive-by-topic/bar-exam-toolbox-podcast-explaining-individual-mee-and-california-bar-essay-questions/#listen-learn) Private Bar Exam Tutoring (https://barexamtoolbox.com/private-bar-exam-tutoring/) The Brainy Bar Bank: Streamlining Bar Study (https://barexamtoolbox.com/brainy-bar-bank/) California Bar Examination – Essay Questions and Selected Answers, February 2013 (https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/admissions/gbx/February-2013-CBX%20Selected%20Answers%20Essays.pdf) California Bar Examination – Essay Questions and Selected Answers, February 2005 (https://nwculaw.edu/pdf/bar/February%202005%20Essays%20and%20Sample%20Answers.pdf) Podcast Episode 23: Tackling an MEE Corporations Question (https://barexamtoolbox.com/podcast-episode-23-tackling-an-mee-corporations-question/) Podcast Episode 35: Tackling a California Bar Exam Essay: Corporations (https://barexamtoolbox.com/podcast-episode-35-tackling-a-california-bar-exam-essay-corporations/) Download the Transcript (https://barexamtoolbox.com/episode-150-listen-and-learn-corporate-formation-and-pre-incorporation-liability/) If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bar-exam-toolbox-podcast-pass-bar-exam-less-stress/id1370651486) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Bar Exam Toolbox website (https://barexamtoolbox.com/contact-us/). Finally, if you don't want to miss anything, you can sign up for podcast updates (https://barexamtoolbox.com/get-bar-exam-toolbox-podcast-updates/)! Thanks for listening! Alison & Lee