This podcast will review vertical transmission of HIV, and the management of HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children based on guidelines from the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) and United States National Institute of Health. This podcast was written by Kristin Pon, a medical student at the University of Alberta, under the guidance of Dr. Sarah Forgie, a pediatric infectious disease specialist at the University of Alberta. By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to define HIV vertical transmission, understand the pathogenesis and risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV, and develop an approach including screening, prophylaxis, diagnosis, treatment, and follow up.