The World in Your Hands: A Guide to Every Nation. Vol 10: The World in Your Hands: A Guide to Every Nation., #10

By Marcelo Gameiro

Introducing the ultimate guide to exploring the world, "The World in Your Hands". This comprehensive book provides a wealth of information on every country on the planet (they are in alphabetical order from volume 1 to 10 - each volume will contain 20 countries), covering all aspects of their history, language, food, sports, nature, arts, religion, economy, education, people, culture, music, interesting facts, and geography. Each chapter dives deep into the unique features and characteristics of each country, providing insights into what makes them special and how they contribute to the diversity of our world.

 

Whether you're an avid traveler, a curious learner, or simply someone who wants to expand their knowledge of the world, "All Countries of the World" is the perfect resource for you. With detailed information, this book will take you on a journey across the globe, discovering new and exciting places along the way.

 

To test your comprehension and enhance your learning, multiple choice questions are provided at the end of each country's description, with answers included. Get ready to embark on an adventure like no other with "All Countries of the World" - the ultimate guide to exploring the world's rich and diverse cultures.

• Language: English
• Publisher: MGameiro LLC
• Release date: Jul 30, 2024
• ISBN: 9798224031436

Marcelo Gameiro

►Marcelo Gameiro (born 1970) Londrina-Brazil, ● Military service - 1989, ● LDS mission - 1990 to 1991, ● Agronomy engineer - 1994, ● Master in Remote Sensing - 1997, ● MBA - 1999 (USA), ● Environmental Risk Assessment - 2008, ● TESOL Certificate - 2017 (BYU Idaho - USA). In China as a University teacher since 2018, taught many subjects like International Forward Management / European Union Economics and Policies / Human Resources / International Economic Cooperation / International Settlement / Professional development / Managerial Accounting / how to teach math.

Book preview

​Summary:

Introducing the ultimate guide to exploring the world, All Countries of the World. This comprehensive book provides a wealth of information on every country on the planet, covering all aspects of their history, language, food, sports, nature, arts, religion, economy, education, people, culture, music, interesting facts, and geography. Each chapter dives deep into the unique features and characteristics of each country, providing insights into what makes them special and how they contribute to the diversity of our world.

Whether you're an avid traveler, a curious learner, or simply someone who wants to expand their knowledge of the world, All Countries of the World is the perfect resource for you. With detailed information, this book will take you on a journey across the globe, discovering new and exciting places along the way.

To test your comprehension and enhance your learning, multiple choice questions are provided at the end of each country's description, with answers included. Get ready to embark on an adventure like no other with All Countries of the World - the ultimate guide to exploring the world's rich and diverse cultures.

Note: The text are designed to enhance learning. While the text may not explicitly provide the answers to these questions in some cases, it can provide clues that help to make educated guesses. It is possible that the answers can be found in the text, or they may require additional research.

In other words, the questions are intended to help readers develop a deeper understanding of the text by encouraging them to think critically and engage with the material. By considering the information provided in the text and using it to make informed guesses about the answers, readers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the topic at hand.

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© Copyright May 2023 by Marcelo G. Gameiro - All rights reserved.

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ISBN n. (media: digital) 978-65-997177-9-6 / Volume 01

ISBN n. (media: paper) 978-65-997177-8-9 / Volume 01

For the whole 10 Volume series of this collection click the link below:

https://yellowcornbooks.blogspot.com/2023/03/collection-world-in-your-hands.html

Table of contents:

Summary:

181) Turkey

182) Turkmenistan

183) Tuvalu

184) Uganda

185) Ukraine

186) United Arab Emirates (UAE)

187) United Kingdom (UK)

188) United States of America (USA)

189) Uruguay

190) Uzbekistan

191) Vanuatu

192) Vatican City (Holy See)

193) Venezuela

194) Vietnam

195) Yemen

181) Turkey

History

Turkey has a rich and complex history that spans over thousands of years. It has been the birthplace of various civilizations, and its strategic location has made it a hub for trade and cultural exchange between Europe and Asia. Here are some of the significant events, achievements, and struggles that have shaped Turkey's history:

Ancient History: The area that is now modern-day Turkey was inhabited by various ancient civilizations, including the Hittites, the Phrygians, and the Lydians. The region was also part of the Persian Empire and was conquered by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.

Byzantine Empire: In the 4th century AD, the Roman Empire split into the Eastern and Western Roman Empires, with the Eastern Roman Empire becoming known as the Byzantine Empire. Istanbul, then known as Constantinople, was the capital of the Byzantine Empire, and the city played a crucial role in the development of Christianity.

Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman Empire was founded in the late 13th century, and it grew to become one of the most powerful empires in the world. It lasted until the early 20th century, and its rulers oversaw significant advancements in science, art, and architecture.

Republic of Turkey: After World War I, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded the Republic of Turkey in 1923. Atatürk led a series of reforms aimed at modernizing Turkey and transforming it into a secular, democratic nation.

World War II and Beyond: During World War II, Turkey remained neutral but leaned toward the Allied Powers. In the post-war era, Turkey became a member of NATO and pursued closer ties with the West. The country also experienced periods of political instability, including several military coups.

Today, Turkey is a modern, secular democracy with a diverse population and a rich cultural heritage. Its history has influenced its present, with traditions and customs from various civilizations still evident in daily life.

Language

Turkish is the official language of Turkey and is spoken by the vast majority of the population. It belongs to the Turkic language family and is written using the Latin alphabet. Turkish has undergone several reforms since the early 20th century, including the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1928 and the simplification of grammar and spelling rules.

In addition to Turkish, there are also several minority languages spoken in Turkey, including Kurdish, Arabic, Laz, Georgian, and Armenian. Kurdish is the most widely spoken minority language, with approximately 15-20% of the population speaking it as their first language. Arabic is also spoken by a significant minority, particularly in the southeast of the country.

One unique linguistic feature of Turkish is its system of vowel harmony, which dictates that vowels within a word must be of the same type (either front or back) to maintain phonetic harmony. This system also applies to suffixes, which must match the vowel harmony of the preceding syllable. Turkish also has a rich system of agglutination, which allows words to be formed by adding suffixes to a root word, resulting in longer words with complex meanings.

Overall, language is an important part of Turkish culture, and the Turkish language has played a significant role in shaping the country's history and identity.

People

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: Known as the founder of modern Turkey, Atatürk was the country's first president and led the country through a period of significant political, social, and cultural change in the 1920s and 1930s.

Orhan Pamuk: A famous author and Nobel Prize winner, Pamuk is known for his novels that explore themes of identity, politics, and history. His works have been translated into more than 60 languages.

Nuri Bilge Ceylan: A celebrated filmmaker and photographer, Ceylan has won numerous awards for his work, including the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.

Sabiha Gökçen: The world's first female fighter pilot, Gökçen was also an adopted daughter of Atatürk and played an important role in the country's aviation history.

Fatih Sultan Mehmet: Known as Mehmet the Conqueror, he was the Ottoman sultan who conquered Constantinople in 1453, bringing an end to the Byzantine Empire and establishing the Ottoman Empire.

Zeynep Tufekci: A sociologist and writer, Tufekci is known for her work on the social and cultural impact of technology, particularly in the context of social movements and political change.

Sezen Aksu: A prominent singer and songwriter, Aksu has been a major force in Turkish popular music for decades and has also written songs for other artists.

Culture

Turkey has a rich and diverse culture, shaped by its history, geography, and various influences from neighboring countries. Here are some key aspects of Turkey's culture:

History: Turkey has a long and fascinating history, with evidence of human settlement dating back to the Paleolithic era. The country has been home to various civilizations, including the Hittites, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans. As a result, Turkey has a wealth of historical and cultural monuments, including ancient ruins, castles, and mosques.

Customs and traditions: Turkey has a strong tradition of hospitality, and guests are often welcomed with open arms and generous amounts of food and drink. Family is also highly valued, and extended families often live together or nearby. Turkish people are also known for their love of tea, which is often offered to guests as a sign of hospitality.

Values: Turkish society places a high value on respect for elders, hospitality, and a strong work ethic. The country also has a strong sense of national pride and identity, which is reflected in its flag, national anthem, and various cultural symbols.

Art and architecture: Turkey has a rich artistic heritage, with various forms of art including ceramics, calligraphy, carpet weaving, and miniature painting. Ottoman architecture, with its characteristic domes, arches, and intricate tile work, is particularly impressive and can be seen in mosques and other public buildings throughout the country.

Festivals and holidays: Turkey has a number of festivals and holidays that are celebrated throughout the year. One of the most important is Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan and is celebrated with feasting and gift-giving. Other notable holidays include National Sovereignty and Children's Day, Republic Day, and Victory Day.

Social norms and etiquette: In Turkey, it is important to greet people with a handshake or a nod of the head. Eye contact is also seen as a sign of respect and sincerity. It is also customary to remove your shoes before entering someone's home, and to dress modestly when visiting mosques or other religious sites.

Food and dress: Turkish cuisine is renowned for its use of fresh ingredients and spices, and dishes such as kebabs, baklava, and Turkish delight are popular worldwide. Traditional dress includes the kaftan, a long, loose robe worn by both men and women, and the headscarf, worn by many Muslim women as a sign of modesty and piety.

Overall, Turkey's culture is a unique blend of ancient and modern influences, with a strong emphasis on family, hospitality, and national identity. Its rich history, vibrant art scene, and delicious cuisine make it a fascinating country to explore and experience.

Interesting Facts

Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey, is the only city in the world that spans two continents - Europe and Asia.

The world-famous Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, was born in Patara, a town in Turkey.

Turkey has a unique underground city, Derinkuyu, that was carved out of volcanic rock in the Cappadocia region. It is estimated that it could have housed up to 20,000 people and their livestock, and was used as a shelter from invaders.

The Turkish alphabet has 29 letters, which includes the unique letter ğ that is silent and only used to lengthen the preceding vowel.

The oldest known human settlement, Çatalhöyük, is located in present-day Turkey and dates back to 7500 BC.

Turkish cuisine is one of the most diverse in the world and has been heavily influenced by its neighboring countries, including Greece, Armenia, and Iran.

The famous Trojan horse of the Trojan War, as described in Homer's Iliad, is believed to have been built in Turkey.

The world's first university, the University of Constantinople, was founded in Istanbul in 425 AD.

Mount Ararat, located in eastern Turkey, is believed to be the resting place of Noah's Ark, according to the Bible.

Turkey has one of the world's largest and oldest covered bazaars, the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, which was built in the 15th century and has over 4,000 shops.

Music

While Turkey is known for its traditional and classical music, the country also has a growing contemporary music scene that encompasses a range of genres. Country music, however, is not a particularly prominent genre in Turkey.

Traditional Turkish music is characterized by its use of instruments like the oud, saz, and ney, as well as complex rhythms and melodies. Classical Ottoman music, which was developed in the Ottoman Empire, is also an important part of Turkey's musical heritage. This style of music is characterized by its use of the makam system, which involves different melodic modes.

In the contemporary music scene, popular genres include pop, rock, and hip-hop. Turkish pop music, in particular, has become increasingly popular in recent years. The genre is known for its upbeat, danceable rhythms and catchy melodies. Some of the most popular Turkish pop musicians include Tarkan, Sezen Aksu, and Kenan Dogulu.

Rock music also has a small but dedicated following in Turkey, with bands like Mor ve Otesi and Duman gaining popularity in recent years. Hip-hop is another growing genre in Turkey, with artists like Ceza and Sagopa Kajmer making a name for themselves in the country's music scene.

While country music is not particularly popular in Turkey, there are a few musicians who incorporate elements of country into their music. For example, country-influenced band Athena has gained a following in Turkey with their blend of rock and country sounds.

Overall, Turkey has a diverse and vibrant music scene that encompasses a range of genres, from traditional and classical music to contemporary pop, rock, and hip-hop. While country music may not be a prominent genre in the country, there are musicians who are experimenting with incorporating country sounds into their music.

Education

Turkey has a well-established education system that is overseen by the Ministry of National Education. The system is divided into three levels: primary education (ages 6-14), secondary education (ages 15-17), and higher education (ages 18 and above). Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 14.

In recent years, the Turkish government has made significant efforts to improve the education system, with a focus on increasing access to education and improving the quality of instruction. The country has made progress in terms of increasing literacy rates, which currently stand at around 96%.

Turkey has a number of notable universities and research institutions. The country's oldest and most prestigious university is Istanbul University, which was founded in 1453. Other leading universities include Bogazici University, Sabanci University, and Middle East Technical University. These universities are known for their research in fields like engineering, technology, and medicine.

The Turkish government has also implemented a number of policies aimed at increasing access to higher education. For example, in 2012, the government launched a program to provide free laptops to all university students. Additionally, the government has expanded the number of scholarships available to students, and has increased funding for research and development.

Despite these efforts, the Turkish education system faces some challenges. One issue is the quality of instruction, particularly in rural areas where schools often lack resources and qualified teachers. Another challenge is the gender gap in education, with girls in rural areas less likely to attend school than boys.

Overall, Turkey has a well-established education system with a number of notable universities and research institutions. The government has made significant efforts to improve the system, but there is still work to be done to ensure that all students have access to high-quality education.

Economy

Turkey has a mixed economy that is classified as an emerging market. It has a rapidly growing private sector and the government has pursued a program of economic liberalization in recent years. Turkey is a member of the G20, and has the 19th largest economy in the world.

The country's major industries include textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, and oil refining. Agriculture is also an important sector, with Turkey being one of the world's largest producers of hazelnuts, figs, and apricots.

Turkey has a highly diversified economy and its major trading partners include the European Union, Russia, and the Middle East. The country's top exports are vehicles, machinery, textiles, and food products. Its main imports are machinery, chemicals, fuels, and food.

One of the significant challenges facing the Turkish economy is high inflation, which has been a persistent problem in recent years. The government has taken steps to try to combat inflation, including raising interest rates and implementing other monetary policy measures.

Another challenge is the country's current account deficit, which means that Turkey imports more than it exports. This has put pressure on the country's currency, the Turkish lira, which has experienced significant fluctuations in value in recent years.

However, Turkey also has significant opportunities for economic growth. Its strategic location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia has made it an important transportation hub, and the government has invested in infrastructure projects like airports, highways, and high-speed rail lines. Additionally, the country has a young and growing population that is increasingly educated and tech-savvy, which could help to fuel innovation and entrepreneurship in the coming years.

Overall, Turkey's economy is diverse and dynamic, with significant challenges but also significant opportunities for growth and development.

Religion

Turkey's predominant religion is Islam, with about 99% of the population being Muslim. The majority of Turkish Muslims are Sunni, although there is also a significant minority of Alevis, a branch of Shia Islam.

Religion plays an important role in Turkish society, and there are many unique practices, customs, and celebrations associated with Islam in Turkey. Here are a few examples:

Ramadan: Ramadan is an important religious observance in Turkey, during which Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset for the entire month. At the end of Ramadan, there is a three-day festival called Eid al-Fitr, which is celebrated with family gatherings, special meals, and the exchange of gifts.

Hajj: The Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca that is required of all able-bodied Muslims who can afford to make the trip. Many Turkish Muslims make the journey to Mecca each year, and the government provides support and resources to help facilitate the pilgrimage.

Mosque culture: Mosques are an integral part of Turkish society, and many of them are considered works of art in their own right. Friday prayers are a particularly important part of mosque culture, with many people gathering to pray and socialize after the service.

Sufism: Sufism is a mystical branch of Islam that emphasizes the inner spiritual life of the individual. Turkey has a long tradition of Sufism, and many Sufi orders and brotherhoods exist throughout the country. The Mevlevi order, which is also known as the whirling dervishes, is perhaps the most well-known Sufi order in Turkey.

Religious festivals: Turkey has several religious festivals throughout the year, including the Feast of Sacrifice (Eid al-Adha), which commemorates Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son, and the Prophet Muhammad's birthday (Mawlid al-Nabi), which celebrates the birth of the founder of Islam.

Overall, religion is an important part of Turkish culture, and Islam has a strong presence throughout the country. Whether through mosque culture, pilgrimage, or religious festivals, Turkish Muslims find many ways to express and celebrate their faith.

Arts

Turkey has a rich artistic heritage that spans several millennia and encompasses a wide range of artistic disciplines, from literature and painting to dance and theater. Here are some of the most notable artistic traditions in Turkey:

Literature: Turkish literature has a long and rich history that dates back to ancient times. One of the most well-known examples of Turkish literature is the epic poem, "The Book