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"You Shall Not Kill": The Prohibition of Killing in Ancient Religions and Cultures
By Hermut Löhr, Matthias Köckert, Guido Pfeifer and
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Die Tötung von Menschen wird in vielen biblischen Texten thematisiert. Locus classicus ist das Tötungsverbot im Dekalog (Ex 20,13; Dtn 5,17).
Im Kontext von Krieg oder als Strafe für schwerwiegende Verbrechen erschien die Tötung eines Menschen für die Verfasser der biblischen Texte wohl kaum problematisch. Gott selbst wird als jemand beschrieben, der das Töten von Personen anordnet und Menschen töten für ihn. Manchmal ist es sogar Gott selbst, der tötet.
Andere biblische Aussagen und Traditionen sperren sich gegenüber dieser Sicht: Wurde der Mensch nicht nach dem Bild Gottes geschaffen (Gen 1,26-27; 9,6)? Die Gottähnlichkeit des Menschen impliziert das Verbot, einen Menschen zu töten. In diesem Kontext steht bekanntlich auch das 5. Gebot des Dekalog: »Du sollst nicht töten!«
Die zentrale Frage des vorliegenden Bandes ist, ob und wie biblische und nicht-biblische Tötungsverbote als Norm in der Antike funktionieren. Beiträge aus den Bereichen des altorientalischen und antiken Rechts, der Bibelwissenschaft, der alten Geschichte, des antiken Judentums und der frühen Kirchengeschichte geben Einblicke in diese bis heute aktuelle Thematik. Fachkundige Experten behandeln das Tötungsverbot, indem sie die zentralen Frage- und Problemstellungen, die sich in altorientalischer, patristischer und mittelalterlicher Zeit unterschiedlich darstellen, kritisch beleuchten und diskutieren.
Im Kontext von Krieg oder als Strafe für schwerwiegende Verbrechen erschien die Tötung eines Menschen für die Verfasser der biblischen Texte wohl kaum problematisch. Gott selbst wird als jemand beschrieben, der das Töten von Personen anordnet und Menschen töten für ihn. Manchmal ist es sogar Gott selbst, der tötet.
Andere biblische Aussagen und Traditionen sperren sich gegenüber dieser Sicht: Wurde der Mensch nicht nach dem Bild Gottes geschaffen (Gen 1,26-27; 9,6)? Die Gottähnlichkeit des Menschen impliziert das Verbot, einen Menschen zu töten. In diesem Kontext steht bekanntlich auch das 5. Gebot des Dekalog: »Du sollst nicht töten!«
Die zentrale Frage des vorliegenden Bandes ist, ob und wie biblische und nicht-biblische Tötungsverbote als Norm in der Antike funktionieren. Beiträge aus den Bereichen des altorientalischen und antiken Rechts, der Bibelwissenschaft, der alten Geschichte, des antiken Judentums und der frühen Kirchengeschichte geben Einblicke in diese bis heute aktuelle Thematik. Fachkundige Experten behandeln das Tötungsverbot, indem sie die zentralen Frage- und Problemstellungen, die sich in altorientalischer, patristischer und mittelalterlicher Zeit unterschiedlich darstellen, kritisch beleuchten und diskutieren.
Author
Matthias Köckert
Dr. theol. habil. Matthias Köckert ist Professor für Altes Testament an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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"You Shall Not Kill" - J. Cornelis de Vos
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