The Rediscovered Country

By Stewart Edward White

"Edward White's 'The Rediscovered Country' is one of the best books of travel and hunting published in a long time...records...the existence of an immense region swarming with game and forgotten by the world since a few German officials many years ago." -Idaho Statesman, August 7, 1915

"The Rediscovered Co

• Language: English
• Publisher: Bookcrop
• Release date: Nov 1, 2023
• ISBN: 9798868961465

Book preview

The Rediscovered Country

Stewart Edward White

(1873 –1946)

Originally published

1915

Table of Contents

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII. CUNINGHAME'S JOURNAL

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XII

CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XIV

CHAPTER XV

CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVII

CHAPTER XVIII. CUNINGHAME'S REPORT

CHAPTER XIX

CHAPTER XX

CHAPTER XXI

CHAPTER XXII

CHAPTER XXIII

CHAPTER XXIV

CHAPTER XXV

CHAPTER XXVI

CHAPTER XXVII

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY

IN 1910-11 Mrs. White, R. J. Cuninghame, and myself, with a small safari of forty men, took the usual route via the Kedong valley, Mount Suswa, Agate's Drift to Vandeweyer's boma on the Naróssara River. At this point we diverged from the usual route and pushed for some distance south into the Naróssara Mountains. We found ourselves eventually confronted by a barrier range which we could not then cross, owing to lack of time, lack of men, and lack of provisions. Inquiries among the Masai elicited very vague descriptions of high mountain ranges succeeded by open country. When we had returned to civilization we discovered, to our surprise, that we could find out little or nothing of what lay beyond those mountains. They ran in a general northwesterly direction approximately along the Anglo-German border, so that their hinterland would naturally fall within the German protectorate. But whether the large triangle was plains, hill, or dale; whether it was watered or arid; whether it was inhabited or desert; whether it was a good or bad game country, we were unable to find out. No Englishman or American had been in there, and as far as we could find out only the German military reconnoissances of many years previous possessed even the slightest knowledge of what the country might be like. This intrigued our curiosity. We resolved to go in.

In the meantime both Cuninghame and myself tried every possible source of knowledge, but in vain. As far as we could find out no sportsman or traveller had ever traversed this territory save the two or three officials mentioned. The net results of the latter's efforts for the outside world-were in two maps, which we procured. They were of great assistance, and were in the main quite accurate for the line of route actually trodden by their makers. Outside of that they were to be trusted only in general. To all intents and purposes we were the first to explore the possibilities of this virgin country. If not its discoverers, we were at least its rediscoverers.

I think this was the very last virgin game field of any great size remaining to be discovered and opened up to sportsmen. There are now no more odd corners to be looked into.

That at this late stage of the world's history such a place still remained to be disclosed is a very curious fact. The natural question that must arise in every one's mind, and that must first of all be answered, is how this happens, for the prevalent belief is that English sportsmen have pretty well run over all the larger possibilities. This is a legitimate question and a legitimate wonder that should be answered and satisfied before full credence can be placed in so important a discovery. That unknown to sportsmen there still remained in the beginning of the year 1913 a country as big as the celebrated hunting grounds of British East Africa and even better stocked with game is due, briefly, to three causes:

In the first place, the district in question has escaped the knowledge of English sportsmen because it is situated in a very out of the way corner of a German protectorate. The Englishman is not at home in German territory, and, as long as he can get sport elsewhereas he has been able to do, is not inclined to enter it. In the second place, the German himself, being mainly interested in administrative and scientific matters, is rarely in the technical sense a sportsman. The usual Teuton official or settler does not care for shooting and exploration, and the occasional hunter is quite content with the game to be found near at home. He does not like to go far afield unless he is forced to do so. In the third place, this new country is protected on all sides by natural barriers. Along the northern limits, whence the English sportsman might venture, extend high, rough ranges of mountains through which are no known tracks. On all other sides are arid and nearly gameless wastes. Until we entered the country there had been no especial reason to believe these wastes were not continuous.

Thus the people naturally given to adventure were discouraged from taking a go-look-see by a combination of natural barriers, racial diffidence, and political and official red tape. Beside which the English had not yet come to an end of their own possibilities in British East Africa; and the race in possession simply did not care enough about sport to go so far merely to see more animals than they would see nearer home. In other words, from the German side this patch on the map was much too far; from the British side it was practically inaccessible.

With this brief but necessary explanation accomplished, we can go on. It must be remembered that when Cuninghame and I first began to consider this matter there was no suspicion of the existence of any large, unexplored hunting fields. South Africa is finished; Nyassaland offers good sport, but is unhealthy, and the species to be obtained are limited in number; small open areas in the Congo, Uganda, the Sudan, offer miscellaneous shooting, but are isolated and remote; Rhodesia and British East Africa are the great game countries par excellence, and these, while wonderful, are well known. There is no lack of game in these countries indeed, it would be difficult even to convey a faint idea of its abundance to one who had never seen it but in a rough way they are well known, they have all been more or less hunted, and conditions have been to a greater or lesser degree modified by the white man and his rifle.

Now I think you will all bear me out that from earliest boyhood the one regret that oftenest visits every true sportsman is that he has lived so late, that he has not been able to see with his own eyes the great game fields as we read about them in the days of their abundance. It is an academic regret, of course. Such things are not for him. Trappers' tales of when the deer used to be abundant on Burnt Creek; old men's stories of shooting game where the city hall now stands; the pages of days gone by in the book of years, we listen and read and sigh a little regretfully.

At least that is what I had always thought. Then in 1910 I undertook a rather long journey into the game fields of British East Africa. There I found the reports not at all exaggerated. The game was present in its hundreds, its thousands. If I had done what most people do-hunted for a few months and gone awayI should have felt the fullness of complete satisfaction; should have carried home with me the realization, the wondering realization, that after all I had lived not too late for the old conditions. But I stayed. I became acquainted with old-timers; I pushed out into odd corners of the known country. And by degrees I came to see that most of British East Africa is a beaten track. Shooters are sent by the outfitting firms around one or the other of several well-known circles. The day's marches are planned in advance; the night's camps. There is plenty of game, and the country is wild; but the sportsman is in no essentially different conditions here than when with his guide he shoots his elk in Jackson's Hole or his deer in the Adirondacks.

And again I heard the tales of the old-timers, varying little from those at home-in the old days before the Sotik was overrun, the lions would stand for you I remember the elephants used to migrate every two years from Kenia across the Abedares-before Nairobi was built the buffalo used to feed right in the open until nine o'clock. In short, spite of the abundance of the game, spite of the excitement and danger still to be enjoyed with some of its more truculent varieties, the same wistful regret sooner or later was sure to come to the surface of thought-I wish I could have been here then, could have seen it all when the country was new.

And then unexpectedly came just this experience. We found that after all there still exists a land where the sound of a rifle is unknown; as great in extent as the big game fields of British East Africa; swarming with untouched game; healthy, and, now that the route and method have been worked out, easily accessible to a man who is willing to go light and work. Furthermore, I must repeat, this is the last new game field of real extent. All the rest of the continent is well enough known. Therefore we have the real pleasure not only in opening a new and rich country to the knowledge of sportsmen, but the added satisfaction of knowing that we are the last who will ever behold such a country for the first time.

When we started we had no very high anticipations. There is plenty of waste desert land in Africa. The country between Natron and Kilimanjaro, to the east, is arid and unproductive of much of anything but thornbush; there was no real reason why the corresponding country between Natron and Victoria Nyanza, to the west, should be any different. Only that the former was useless was a well-known fact; while of the latter the uselessness was only supposition. Cuninghame and I resolved to take a chance. We might find nothing, absolutely nothing, for our pains; but even that would be knowledge.

As far as we could see, our difficulties could be divided into several classes. In the first place, we must get permission to cross the boundary between the English and German protectorates at a point where there is no custom house. This was a real difficulty, as those who know the usual immutability of German officialdom will realize. It took us a year to get this permission; and in the process many personages, in cluding Colonel Roosevelt, the German Ambassador, and high officials in Berlin, were more or less worried. Once the matter was carried through, however, we received the most courteous treatment and especial facilities from the German Government.

Our second important difficulty was our lack of knowledge as to where the water was to be found. We resolved never to move any but light scouting parties until we were certain as to where next we were to drink. In order to be able to make reconnoissances we had built three pairs of bags made from double canvas, with tin spouts, and arrangements for slinging them on donkeys. The latter animals can go two full days without water. Therefore we counted on a scouting radius of a day and a half before it would be necessary to return to the main camp. If we found more water within that period we would naturally be able to extend this radius. As a matter of fact we were never reduced to straits for water. The country is in many places very dry, and waterholes few and small; but one accustomed to arid regions who knows where to look should never, with reasonable precaution, get into difficulties.

Our third great difficulty was to feed our men. In an explored country, or in a country known to be inhabited, this is a simple matter; one merely purchases from the natives as one goes along. In an unknown or uninhabited region, however, the situation is different.

Each porter must receive, in addition to meat, a pound and a half of grain food a day to keep him strong and in good health. That is forty-five pounds per month per man. One must know where that can be found. As a porter can carry sixty pounds only, it can readily be seen that supplies must be renewed at least every month. To overcome this difficulty we resolved to use donkeys for the purpose of carrying grain foodor potio for the men; and to cut down the numbers of the men to the lowest possible point. We did not feel justified in depending on donkeys for our whole transport for the reason that, in this land of strange diseases, we could by no means feel certain of their living; and we could not take a chance of finding ourselves stranded. Each donkey would carry two loads, and would not require feeding.

For these twenty beasts Cuninghame had built packsaddles after the American saw buck pattern, the first, as far as I am aware, to be so used in Central Africa. The usual native saddle is a flat pad, across which the bags, fastened loosely together, are laid. On the level this works well enough, but up or down hill the loads are constantly slipping off. Then the donkey must be caught, held, and the loads hoisted aboard. It takes a man for every four donkeys, and the pace, as can be imagined, is very slow. We hoped to be able to train natives to pack American style; and trusted that by means of the special saddles the usual objection to donkey transport, viz.: its extreme slowness and uncertainty would be overcome.

Our personal outfit we reduced to a minimum, departing radically from the conventional and accepted customs of African travel. Thus our tents were small and light, made, floorcloth and all, of one piece, after a pattern invented by Cuninghame. We used chop boxes as tables. Our personal effects, instruments, surgical and medical material, and repair kits of all sorts, we compressed to the compass of three tin boxes. All the usual extra paraphernalia of African travel we cut out completely. By way of provisions we took merely the staple groceries: beans, rice, coffee, tea, sugar, flour, oatmeal, and dehydrated fruit. Two luxuries only did we allow: golden syrup and a light folding camp-chair apiece. Nothing rests one more than the latter article of furniture. Indeed, for this sort of a hard trip I should almost be inclined to look on it as a necessity rather than a luxury! Our light tents, beds, seven boxes of provisions, trade goods, river ropes, ammunition, and the three tin boxes made something like twenty full loads. We decided to take thirty porters, three donkey men, and seven others, including gunbearers, camp men, cook, and head boy. Beside these burden bearers were twenty donkeys equipped with pack-saddles, and twenty-five other donkeys rigged in the native fashion, hired to take their loads of grain potio over the mountains, there to leave them, and then immediately to return.

We started out with two riding mules, but after about twenty-five or thirty miles of riding we had to pack them. They died; and we walked afoot the rest of the seventeen hundred miles.

Our men we picked very carefully. Some of them, notably M'ganga, Memba Sasa, Kongoni, and Abba Ali, had been with me on former expeditions. All were personally known either to Cuninghame or myself.

As will appear in the course of the journals, we encountered many difficulties.

I would impress it on my readers as emphatically as I am able that this is not a soft man's country. The adventurer who wants to go out with a big caravan and all the luxuries should go to British East Africa. The man too old or fat or soft to stand walking under a tropical sun should stay away, for, owing to prevalence of tsetse, riding animals are impossible. The sport will not like it; but the sportsman will. This country is too dry for agriculture; the tsetse will prohibit cattle grazing; the hard work will discourage the fellow who likes his shooting brought to his bedside. But the real out-of-doors man who believes that he buys fairly his privilege to shoot only when he has paid a certain price of manhood, skill, and determination, who is interested in seeing and studying game, who loves exploring, who wants extra good trophies that have never been picked over, in whose heart thrills a responsive chord at the thought of being first, such a man should by all means go, and go soon, within the next five years. It is a big country, and much remains to be done. He can keep healthy, he can help open the game fields for the future brother sportsmen, and he can for the last time in the world's history be one of the small band that will see the real thing!

Nevertheless, it is fully appreciated that, to the average man with limited time, even a virgin game district is of no great general value unless it can be got at. The average sportsman cannot afford to make great expenditures of time, money, or energy on an ordinary shooting trip. The accessibility as well as the abundance of British East Africa game is what has made that country so famous and so frequented. It would be little worth your while as practical sportsmen to spend a great deal of time over descriptions of a game field so remote as to remain forever impossible except to the serious explorer, nor would in that case the value of discovering an unshot country possess other than academic interest.

If future safaris had to retrace our footsteps in this expedition, the game would hardly be worth the candle. It would take too long to get there; it would involve too much hard work; it would involve also the necessity of doing just what we did in regard to food; viz.: carrying it in on expensive beasts that would surely be flystruck and die soon after crossing the mountain barrier. But fortunately this is not necessary. We suffered only the inconveniences inseparable from the first penetration of a new country. We paid for mistakes in route that need only be paid once. The problems of food, transport, and water still remain; but we have worked out a solution of them that makes the country practicable to the ordinary sportsman.

I am convinced that these are the hunting fields of the future, that they will be as extensively visited in years to come as British East Africa is at present. British East Africa is still a wonderful hunting field; but it is passing its prime. The shooting by sportsmen would never much diminish the game; but the settler is occupying the country, and game and settlers cannot live together. I can see a great difference even in three years. In time the game will be killed or driven far back, game in great numbers, and even now, abundant as the animals still are, it is difficult to get really fine heads. They have been well picked over.

This particular part of the German country, on the other hand, as said before, will probably never be occupied. It is not fitted for agriculture, the rainfall is slight, water is scarce; it is not adapted to grazing, for tsetse is everywhere. The game has it all, and will continue to have it all. Indiscriminate shooting during a great many years and by a great many people would hardly affect this marvellous abundance over so extensive an area; but, of course, indiscriminate shooting in these modern days of game laws is impossible. The supply is practically unlimited, and is at present threatened with no influence likely to diminish it.

For the next five or ten years this country will, in addition, possess for the really enterprising sportsman the interest of exploration. Our brief expedition determined merely the existence of the game country, and, roughly, its east-to-west extent. We were too busily engaged in getting on, and in finding our way, to do as thorough a job as would have been desirable. Even along the route we followed months could be spent finding and mapping waterholes, determining the habitat of the animals, searching out the little patches where extremely local beasts might dwell, casting out on either side one, two, three days' marches to fill in gaps of knowledge.

To the south of us lay a great area we had no opportunity even of approaching, and concerning which we heard fascinating accounts, for example, the Serengetti, a grass plain many days' journey across, with a lake in the middle, swarming with game and lions; the Ssalé, a series of bench plateaus said to be stocked with blackmaned lions beside the other game; some big volcanoes (some of which we spied forty miles away) with forests and meadows and elephants in the craters; and so on. All this remains to be looked over and reported on. As the waterholes are found, the possibilities of reaching out farther will be extended. We have really only made the roughest of rough sketches. The many sportsmen who will follow us must fill in the picture.

CHAPTER II

JULY 7.-Worked all the morning at N. T. & Co.'s store fitting saddles to donkeys, our safari kit was all made ready yesterday. At 12:45 the men set out; and at 2:25 we got off with the beasts. Started out over the hills past Government House, over a new piece of road on which some hundreds of Kikuyus were working strictly by hand, and so out to a rolling wooded green country of glades and openings, tiny streams, and speckled sunlight. Little forest paths led off in all directions. Natives were singing and chanting near and far. There were many birds. Toward evening we passed a long safari of native women, each bent forward under a load of firewood that weighed sixty to eighty pounds. Even the littlest little girls carried their share. They seemed cheerful, and were taking the really hard work as a tremendous joke. We passed them strung out singly or in groups, for upward of half an hour; then their road turned off from ours; and still they had not ceased. Camped after nine miles near the mountain of