America's history ... facts and secrets

By ataus

The book deals with the history of America from its inception at the beginning of the seventeenth century until the end of World War II, and this book is nothing but an attempt to convey a clearer picture of the emergence of America up to its current state, a unique experience as seen by the author of this book. 

• Language: English
• Publisher: ataus
• Release date: Jun 1, 2023
• ISBN: 9798223652502

Book preview

America's history... facts and secrets

America's history... facts and secrets

Part One

George Steve Henry

first edition

2022

all rights are save

gift

To whom words cannot thank ... my mother

To everyone who loves America and to those who hate it

To everyone who sees that America is the lever of the symbol of freedom in the world

To everyone who sees that America is the greatest Satan and the cause of all evil on earth

To everyone who believes in freedom and hates injustice

To every researcher of the American experience, which is worth studying

To everyone who loves to read, I wrote this book

An introduction

I did not wrote this book to make you love what you hate, or to hate what you love, everyone has his point of view, and this book is nothing but an attempt to convey a clearer picture of the origin of America until what it has reached now, a unique experience as seen by the writer of this book. I see it as an experience worth checking out, as it contains details that may be hidden to many of us about how Americans have suffered to build a society in which freedom is the highest human value. At one time, tyranny and injustice pervaded many regions of the world. The freedom for which the Americans paid dearly and preciously. In the lines of this book, it will take you on a journey, to fly with it in the past time, in a distant land, soaring with words in the sky of those moments and those places. So get ready to tie the belts of your dispersion of thoughts. and let's sail together.

Chapter 1

The name America ​​is given by coincidence

The name America ​​is given by coincidence

500 years ago, the Italian sailor and explorer Amerigo Vespucci(1) was afraid of losing his name and being forgotten, so he wanted to write a booklet to commemorate his life, but by chance his name turned into the most famous name in the world: America ​​as a result of German cartographer error. But how was that?

In 1507, fifteen years had passed since the Italian traveler Christopher Columbus(2) crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached a land he thought it was India. After four long

voyages, Columbus returned to Europe with the good news of his mission and his great discovery, which consisted in finding a new way to reach India and China that were

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(1) Amerigo Vespucci (March 9, 1454 - February 22, 1512): Italian sailor and explorer who worked under the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of Castile. A new continent While everyone at that time, including Christopher Columbus, thought that it was an extension of the continent of Asia, so the new world was named for the first after him.

(2) Christopher Columbus (October 31, 1451 - May 20, 1506): An Italian traveler, credited with discovering the New World. He was born in Genoa in northern Italy and studied mathematics and natural sciences at the University of Pavia in Lombardy, Italy. He crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached the Caribbean islands on October 12, 1492 AD, but his discovery of the land of the North American continent was on his second voyage in 1498 AD.

the most important sources of raw materials for Europe at that time. Columbus miscalculated, and instead of reaching Asia, he arrived in a new land, and became the discoverer of the new world without even realizing that. Throughout his life, he kept believing that he had discovered a new path, not a new World.

Columbus died in 1506, thinking that he had found a new way to reach China and India, but the question that troubled sailors and geographers after that was: What is that land that the Italian sailor Columbus reached? Was it really India, Japan, China, or a new land?

But the Italian sailor and explorer Amerigo Vespucci was one of those convinced that the land that Columbus had reached was not India, but a new World . And he wanted to persuade the merchant Lorenzo de' Medici(1) the ruler of Florence, who had sent him later on expeditions to know the nature of the land discovered by Columbus, to fall upon the fact that this land discovered was the New World. He wrote to his boss a long letter called "The New

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(1) Lorenzo de' Medici (1 January 1449 - 9 April 1492): The splendid title of Lorenzo, ruler of Florence in the second half of the fifteenth century, a great writer and patron of the arts, belonged to the Medici dynasty. He is a member of the powerful and wealthy merchant family that controlled Florence for a century and a half, and he was perhaps the most prominent member of this family. His life was full and fertile.

World, which said: None of our ancestors had ever reached this land which we have seen, since most of them thought that there was no land south of the equator, and that all there was is an endless sea. But my trip came to prove this theory is wrong, and to prove that there is a new continent south of the equator.

Copies of this pamphlet scattered all over the world, and fate decided that one of these copies should fall into the hands of the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller(1)  and his linguist Matthias Ringman(1). The two met in 1507 to complete a new world map, and were wondering what was on the other side of the Atlantic. After they stumbled upon this booklet by chance and read what it contained, they decided to give the New Continent a name derived from the name Amerigo, which is Ameriga which was then corrupted by America, in memory of Amerigo ____________________________________________________

(1) Martin Waldseemüller (1470 - 16 March 1520): a German cartographer of the Renaissance. Born in Friborg, Germany, he learned the art of typography from his uncle in Basel. His work has had an influence among contemporary cartographers. Waldseemüller was also the first to map South America as a continent separate from Asia, the first to produce a printed globe and the first to create a printed wall map of Europe. His collection of maps printed as an appendix from Ptolemy's Geography is the first example of a modern atlas.

(2) Matthias Ringman (1470 - 1520), also known as Felicius Fujisegina, was a German Alsatian scientist and cosmographer. He is credited, along with cartographer Martin Waldseemüller, with the first documented use of the word America, on the Universals Cosmography 1507 map in honor of Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

Vespucci, believing that he was the discoverer of the New World. They added to the map a note saying that the name America was given to the new continent in memory of its discoverer, Amerigo Vespucci, It was not attributed to Columbus, who died only months before.

Amerigo was not a liar or a fraud, as some accused him, and he did not try to attribute to himself the merit of discovering the new continent, but luck played its part in immortalizing the name Amerigo on two continents of the New World. Luck led the two German scientists to find the pamphlet before writing their map, and prompted them to print 1,000 copies of their map as soon as they were finished, for display at the Frankfurt Book Fair on April 25, 1507. Copied miniature maps of the globe including the new continent, resulting in the spread of the name America ​​among the intelligentsia at that time, closely linking it with the new continent.

But Waldseemüller soon discovered his mistake and that Christopher Columbus discovered the new land and not Amerigo Vespucci, so he did not use the name America in the new version of the world map he drew in 1513, but called it The Solid Earth - the name he was given in Spain - Next to it, he wrote a note confirming that its discoverer was Christopher Columbus. But this correction came too late, as the name had already spread widely, and America ​​remained the common name for New World. The name spread and became one of the most used words in the world, and no one questioned its meaning or origin, but one in a thousand copies of Waldseemüller's map remained a witness to the origin of the word America.

––––––––

A copy of a map of 1507

Just as chance played a major role in immortalizing the name Amerigo, so too did chance reveal this secret, as one copy of the 1,000 copies printed of this map was discovered at Waldegg monastery in Oberschwein in Germany in 1901. The Jesuit father Joseph Fisher found it in the monastery library by chance among the books there, and knew exactly what the map meant. Having remained for nearly a hundred years in the monastery's library, this important document was subsequently included in the German Historical Heritage, but was sold years earlier to the US National Library of Congress in Washington, amid heavy German criticism. But whatever the case, this historical map remains a testament to the mystery of naming America.

Chapter 2

Real America History

Real America History

There is a country in the farthest corners of the world, which is the country of hope, a country of freedom, a country to which people have migrated from all nations of the world, different people, but they live in harmony, under one spacious sky, and they go to any temple they want. Protestant, Jew, Muslim or Buddhist, and the inhabitants of these countries, men or women, elect whomever they want to rule them, and they overthrow these rulers by voting, not by revolution, even if they realize that they did not make the right choice. But they remain loyal to one principle, one country and one flag.

The principle is democracy,

the one country is America,

and the one flag is the flag of stars and stripes.

This country is not an earthly paradise, nor a paradise like the paradise of Eden, nor has it reached the end of perfection. It does not claim any of that. It has not yet solved all the problems related to how the population, men and women should live.

In the past, it erred in managing its internal affairs, as it erred in global affairs, but it nevertheless looks to the future, the future in it was men and women live free, where food and work are available, and there is peace and freedom for human beings.

It does not want to rule the world, or to have an American empire in which the Americans become the master of people and others people are slaves. If you ask a pure American whether he believes in the existence of a sovereign people, he will look at you surprised or laugh a lot, because the Americans do not believe in the sovereignty of one people over another.

It is a country of war and struggle, which grew up in wars and united in wars. It is ready and willing to fight for its firm beliefs. It has never lost a single war, but it does not believe that wars and the spirit of war are the purpose and goal of man.

America commemorates the great of its warlords, such as Washington(1), Grant(2), and Lee(3), as it glorifies those who fought for it, but every one of these men fought for something higher than conquest, when the war ended They said: Let us live in peace, let us build and live in a peace land, let us work and grow, let us produce something that was not before, let us make our country a good place where people can live in love and good neighborhood.

America is a strange country in some ways. Yes, it is modern among the nations of the world, but the system of governance in it has extended over more than two and a half centuries.

And the flexibility of regime makes it a suitable standard for the surrounding conditions without making basic changes in it. And now sits in the House the forty-sixth President of the United States and the Senate is now

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(1) George Washington (1732-1799): Commander in Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) and served two terms as the first president of the United States, from 1789 to 1797. Washington grew up as the son of a farmer in colonial Virginia

(2) Grant Ulysses S. Grant: As commander in chief, he led the Union armies in 1865 to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War. As an American hero, Grant was later elected the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877).

(3) Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 - October 12, 1870) was a Confederate general who served the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War, where he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Confederate States Army.

assembled, both out of the will of the people. From that day on which the Constitution of the United States came into being, the government continued to be in the hands of the people, and the will of the people prevailed.

The American people have always enjoyed from the start the opportunity to judge things, make mistakes and fix them, and then move forward. And the word people in America does not mean a specific class, an excellent sect, or a specific group of people. Rather, it means every individual in the American people, the butcher, baker, farmer, lawyer, doctor, and housewife. The word people literally mean every individual of the nation's rank.

Thanks to this type of government, the United States has become a sophisticated nation with great industrial and wealth, when an unexpected disaster in any part of the world a flood,  an earthquake, or a catastrophe occurs, The United States takes the initiative to send food and medicine, and the American doctors and nurses went to its aid. They have an obligation to do so.

As for thier enemies, they see in the United States nothing but a mixture of millionaires, gangs, ignorants, corrupt politicians, lazy women, and the common people who have been bitten by hunger and possessed of self-interest. In fact, as Americans, we do not care what our enemies say about us, that are because they cannot direct more violent and harsh criticisms at this country as the Americans themselves, who believe and love, do in pursuit of perfection. And every American soldier in a war he goes to, marches with the spirit of the nation for which he is fighting. Yes, some individual soldiers misunderstand that soul, or are poor at expressing it, and may even betray it.

Despite this, it remains, and we don't claim that we send an army of angels to the battlefields, for they are nothing but ordinary Americans who have grown up in an atmosphere of freedom and they fight for it, and that is all the matter. Some of Americans are tall and some of them are short, and among them are brown-faced and among them are white, and among them are talkative and among them are silent, and among them are those who work with their hands and among them are those who work with their minds, and some of them come from a small country or a big city or a quiet country. They are men and women of all stripes and environments, but they are all inspired by one spirit, whether they can talk about it or not. Yes, there is a soul and there is an idea.

So what is the soul?

What is this American spirit?

What is the American idea?

How did it start? And who created it? And what does the United States indicate, not as a large, rich nation that produces a lot of cars, communications devices, chemicals, electronics, refrigerators, combat aircraft, missiles and many more, but as a country that is a living and renewable force in the world?

Let's look at what history has recorded. Let's look at the facts. If you want to know a person in his true nature, you should ask about his parents, his family, the house in which he lives, and the way he was brought up and brought up. Let's do it with the United States? How did it start? and why?

Chapter 2

The initial seed across the ocean

The initial seed across the ocean

The United States began from two small groups of strong-willed people who fought heroic struggles in a wild, savage land, one group settled in Jamestown(1), Virginia, and the other at Plymouth(2), Massachusetts.

They were not the first to settle in North America, as others preceded them by more than a century. It was descended by the great Spanish explorers, De Soto, Coronado and Cabeza de Vaca, and wandered in its vast deserts; they endured hardships and came back with news of its vast plains, its great rivers, and its forest, which was inhabited by the American Indians.

They were not the first to settle in North America, as others the French fishermen, who were strong with the snaffle, had discovered the great fishing area in the North Atlantic.

Florida was then a settlement and the coasts of Canada were known to brave navigators. Both Saint Augustine, Florida, and Santa Fe, New Mexico, are older than Jamestown and Plymouth. However, fate