Hands-On Multi-Cloud Kubernetes: Multi-cluster kubernetes deployment and scaling with FluxCD, Virtual Kubelet, Submariner and KubeFed

By Joe Brian

"Hands-On Multi-Cloud Kubernetes" is an essential guide for anyone looking to understand Kubernetes and how it can be used to manage multi-cloud infrastructure. With eight comprehensive chapters, this book provides hands-on experience in setting up Kubernetes clusters, administering deployments and updates, and working with AWS and GCP tools.

• Language: English
• Publisher: GitforGits
• Release date: Apr 10, 2023
• ISBN: 9788119177189

Book preview

Hands-on Multi-Cloud Kubernetes

Hands-On Multi-Cloud Kubernetes

Learn to administer multi-clusters kubernetes deployment and scaling with FluxCD, Virtual Kubelet, Submariner and KubeFed

Joe Brian

Copyright © 2023 GitforGits

All rights reserved.

Content

Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction to Multi-cloud Kubernetes

Evolution of Multi-cloud

Early Days of Cloud Computing

Emergence of Multi-cloud

Kubernetes and Containerization

The Rise of Multi-cloud Kubernetes

Challenges for Cloud Professionals

Overcoming Challenges

Future of Multi-cloud Kubernetes

Benefits and Challenges of Multi-cloud Deployments

Benefits of Multi-cloud Deployments

Challenges of Multi-cloud Deployments

Key Concepts: Clusters, Nodes, and Namespaces

Clusters

Nodes

Namespaces

Pods

Services

Deployments

ConfigMaps and Secrets

Ingress

Persistent Storage

Resource Quotas

Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)

Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs)

Understanding Multi-cloud and Multi-cluster Architectures

Hub and Spoke Architecture

Mesh Architecture

Hybrid Cloud Architecture

Multi-cloud Federation

Prerequisites and Tools

Kubernetes Basics

Containerization

Cloud Providers

Networking

DevOps Practices

Monitoring and Logging

Cloud Native Tools

Multi-cloud Concepts

Setting Stage for Multi-cloud Kubernetes

Define Requirements

Choose Cloud Providers

Choose Kubernetes Distribution

Plan Infrastructure

Install and Configure Kubernetes

Set Up Multi-cloud Management Tools

Deploy and Manage Applications

Summary

Chapter 2: Kubernetes Cluster Management and Deployment

Setting Up Kubernetes Cluster

Install Prerequisites

Configure AWS and GCP Credentials

Create Kubernetes Cluster Specification

Create the Kubernetes Cluster

Validate the Cluster

Configure kubectl to Use New Cluster

Test the Cluster

Access the Sample Application

Clean Up Resources

Deploying Applications on Kubernetes

Clone the Sample Application

Create Dockerfile

Build the Docker Image

Push Docker Image to Container Registry

Create Deployment YAML File

Deploy the Application

Monitor the Deployment

Access the Application

Scale the Application

Update the Application

Clean up Resources

Managing Deployments

Get the List of Deployments

Get Detailed Information of Deployment

Update Number of Replicas

Rolling Updates

Rollback to Previous Version

Pause and Resume Deployment

Check the Rollout Status

View Rollout History

Rolling Updates

Perform Rolling Update

Monitor Rollout Status

Pause and Resume Rollout

Rollback to Previous Version

View Rollout History

Rollback to Specific Revision

Scaling and Autoscaling

Manual Scaling

Autoscaling

Explore Helm Package Manager

Install and Configure Helm

Install Helm CLI

Set up Kubernetes Clusters

Configure Context

Install and Configure Cloud Provider-specific Components

Create Helm Charts

Set up Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment

Monitoring and Logging

Security

Ingress Controllers and Load Balancing

Ingress Controllers

Load Balancing

Monitoring and Logging

Summary

Chapter 3: Introduction to FluxCD

Overview of FluxCD

Importance of Continuous Delivery for Multicloud Kubernetes

Evolution of FluxCD as Continuous Delivery Tool

GitOps Principles and Workflow

GitOps Principles

GitOps Workflows

Installing and Configuring FluxCD

Install Flux CLI

Set Up Git Repositories

Authenticate with Kubernetes Clusters

Install FluxCD on Multicloud Kubernetes Clusters

Configure FluxCD for Multicloud Environments

Monitor and Manage Multicloud Deployments

Continuous Delivery with FluxCD

Configure the Git Repository

Connect FluxCD to Kubernetes Cluster

Create FluxCD Configuration

Define Application's Kubernetes Manifests

Synchronize the Application's Manifests

Add Application to FluxCD Configuration

Commit and Push Changes

Monitor Synchronization Status

Managing Secrets and ConfigMaps

Create New Folder for Application's Configuration

Create ConfigMap YAML File

Create Secret YAML File

Create Kustomization File

Update Main Kustomization File

Commit and Push Changes

Use ConfigMaps and Secrets in Application

Monitoring and Alerting with FluxCD

Install Prometheus and Alertmanager

Configure Prometheus to Scrape FluxCD Metrics

Apply ServiceMonitor Resource

Set up Custom Alerts

Apply the PrometheusRule Resource

Configure Alertmanager to Send Notifications

Verify Monitoring and Alerting

Advanced FluxCD Features

Image Automation

Notifications and Event Forwarding

Multi-tenancy

Health Checks and Dependencies

Garbage Collection

Cluster API Support

Summary

Chapter 4: Virtual Kubelet and Serverless Clusters

Introduction to Virtual Kubelet

Integrate Virtual Kubelet with Multi-cloud

Install Virtual Kubelet on Kubernetes Clusters

Configure Virtual Kubelet for AWS Fargate

Configure Virtual Kubelet for Google Cloud Run

Deploy Workloads on AWS Fargate and Google Cloud Run

Apply Manifests using kubectl

Deploying Serverless Clusters

Set Up Kubernetes Cluster

Install Virtual Kubelet on Kubernetes Cluster

Configure Virtual Kubelet for Serverless Platform

Deploy Workloads on Serverless Platform

Apply Manifests using kubectl

Deploy/Manage Clusters and Serverless Workloads

Scaling and Autoscaling with Virtual Kubelet

Manual Scaling

Automatic Scaling

Monitoring and Logging in Serverless Clusters

Monitoring with Prometheus

Visualize Metrics with Grafana

Logging with EFK or Loki

Summary

Chapter 5: Networking with Submariner

Introduction to Submariner

Key Features

Why Submariner for Multi-cloud Kubernetes

Installing and Configuring Submariner

Install Subctl

Prepare AWS and GCP Clusters

Export KUBECONFIG Files

Deploy Submariner

Verify Submariner Deployment

Test Connectivity

Cross-cluster Networking with Submariner

Create a Headless Service

Create SubmarinerExport Resource

Access Service from Another Cluster

Service Discovery

Create Kubernetes Service

Export the Service

Discover Service from Another Cluster

Load Balancing

Deploy Application in Multiple Clusters

Export the Services

Access Service from Another Cluster

Monitoring and Troubleshooting

Monitor Submariner Components

Check Submariner Status

Use Submariner Metrics

Troubleshoot Connectivity Issues

Summary

Chapter 6: MultiCluster Management and Federation

Overview of MultiCluster Kubernetes

Advantages of Multi-Cluster, Multi-cloud Kubernetes

Challenges in Multi-Cluster, Multi-cloud Kubernetes

Solutions for Multi-Cluster, Multi-cloud Kubernetes

Setup and Configure MultiCluster Federation

Set up Kubernetes Clusters

Deploy the KubeFed Control Plane

Join Clusters to the Federation

Verify Clusters are Federated

Deploy Federated Application

Verify the Application Deployment

Clean Up

Deploying Applications Across Clusters

Create the Federated Resources

Apply the Federated Resources

Verify the Application Deployment

Access the Application

Cluster-aware Service Routing

MultiCluster Resource Management

Deploy KubeFed

Create Federated Resources

Apply the Federated Resources

Verify the Resource Synchronization

Manage Resources Across Clusters

Monitoring and Logging in MultiCluster Environments

Monitoring with Prometheus and Grafana

Logging with Elasticsearch, Fluentd, and Kibana (EFK stack)

Summary

Chapter 7: Multi-cloud CI/CD Pipelines

Understanding CI/CD in Multi-cloud Environments

Multi-cloud vs. Conventional CI/CD

Multi-cloud CI/CD in Kubernetes

Multi-cloud CI/CD Tools and Strategies

Best Practices for Multi-cloud CI/CD in Kubernetes

Setting up Multi-cloud CI/CD Pipelines with Jenkins

Set up Kubernetes Clusters

Install Jenkins

Configure Jenkins

Create Jenkins Pipeline

Building and Deploying Applications across Clusters

Create Application Code

Push Container Image to Container Registry

Define Kubernetes Manifests

Deploy the application using Jenkins

Managing Configuration and Secrets

Define ConfigMaps and Secrets

Deploy your ConfigMaps and Secrets to Kubernetes Federation

Deploy Application to Multiple Kubernetes Clusters

Testing in Multi-cloud CI/CD

Create Application Code

Push Container Image to Container Registry

Define Kubernetes Manifests

Deploy Application using Jenkins

Add Unit and Integration Tests to Pipeline

Monitor the Pipeline

Multi-cloud CI/CD Pipeline Monitoring

Define Metrics to Monitor

Configure Prometheus to Scrape Metrics

Configure Grafana to Visualize the Metrics

Monitor the Pipeline

Summary

Chapter 8: Security in Multi-cloud Kubernetes

Introduction to Kubernetes Security

Need of Kubernetes Security

Authentication and Authorization

Network Security

Data Security

Compliance

Using RBAC for Authentication and Authorization

Define Roles and Role Bindings

Apply Roles and Role Bindings

Verify Access

Using Kubernetes Network Policies

Enable Network Policies

Define Network Policies

Apply Network Policies

Verify Network Policies

Manage Data Security with Kubernetes Secrets

Define the Secret

Apply the Secret

Use the Secret

Use Open Policy Agent for Compliance

Install OPA

Define Policies

Deploy Policies

Verify Policies

Summary

Preface

Hands-On Multi-Cloud Kubernetes is an essential guide for anyone looking to gain a deep understanding of Kubernetes and how it can be used to manage multi-cloud infrastructure. With eight comprehensive chapters, this book provides hands-on experience in setting up Kubernetes clusters, administering deployments and updates, and working with AWS and GCP tools.

Readers will learn to work with a range of powerful tools, including Helm, FluxCD, Virtual Kubelet, Submariner, and KubeFed. With GitOps principles and workflows, they will practice continuous delivery and learn to manage secrets and config maps. They will build and deploy serverless clusters using Virtual Kubelet, and learn to scale them across multiple cloud environments. They will even be introduced to the world of cross-cluster networking with Submariner, where they will learn to perform service discovery, load balancing, and monitor networking metrics. Managing multi-cluster Kubernetes can be a daunting task, but with KubeFed, readers will gain the skills necessary to set up and deploy multicluster federation, making it easier than ever to administer their own infrastructure. And with multi-cloud CI/CD pipelines using Jenkins, they will perform end-to-end multi-cloud operations, ensuring their code is delivered quickly and efficiently.

Finally, the book covers security in Kubernetes, giving readers the tools and knowledge to configure RBAC, Kubernetes network policies, and secure data over Kubernetes clusters. They will even learn to use Open Policy Agent for managing compliance, ensuring that their infrastructure is both powerful and secure.

In this book you will learn how to:

Learn Multi-cloud Kubernetes from fundamentals to advanced concepts and tools

Setting up and managing Kubernetes clusters on multi-cloud infrastructure

Working with powerful tools like Helm, FluxCD, and Virtual Kubelet

Utilize Submariner for cross-cluster networking, service discovery, and load balancing

CI/CD pipelines with Jenkins for end-to-end multi-cloud operations

Practice GitOps principles and workflows for continuous delivery

Building and deploying serverless clusters using Virtual Kubelet

Managing multiple Kubernetes clusters as a single entity with KubeFed

Security in Kubernetes with RBAC, network policies, and Open Policy Agent

Whether you are a beginner or an experienced practitioner, Hands-On Multi-Cloud Kubernetes is an essential guide to understanding Kubernetes and managing multi-cloud infrastructure. With this book, readers will gain the knowledge and skills necessary to confidently take on any challenge that comes their way.

GitforGits

Prerequisites

This book is ideal for cloud professionals, devops team, kubernetes developer, networking professionals to explore multicloud networking, working with multi clusters, deployment of kubernetes and getting skilled with various innovative kubernetes tools. Knowing cloud networking or kubernetes is sufficient to begin with the book.

Codes Usage

Are you in need of some helpful code examples to assist you in your programming and documentation? Look no further! Our book offers a wealth of supplemental material, including code examples and exercises.

Not only is this book here to aid you in getting your job done, but you have our permission to use the example code in your programs and documentation. However, please note that if you are reproducing a significant portion of the code, we do require you to contact us for permission.

But don't worry, using several chunks of code from this book in your program or answering a question by citing our book and quoting example code does not require permission. But if you do choose to give credit, an attribution typically includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example, Hands-On Multi-Cloud Kubernetes by Joe Brian.

If you are unsure whether your intended use of the code examples falls under fair use or the permissions outlined above, please do not hesitate to reach out to us at:

[e-mail].

We are happy to assist and clarify any concerns.

Acknowledgement

I owe a tremendous debt of gratitude to Pravin Dhandre, my editor, for his unflagging enthusiasm and wise counsel throughout the entire process of writing this book. His knowledge and careful editing helped make sure the piece was useful for people of all reading levels and comprehension skills. In addition, I'd like to thank everyone involved in the publishing process for their efforts in making this book a reality. Their efforts, from copyediting to advertising, made