International Relations (1645 - 1945)

By Muhammad Anwar Farooq

First of all, thank you for choosing this book. This book is an introductory book that covers the main events in history from 1645 to 1945 which are related to the study of International Relations. No doubt, International Relations is an emerging and important area of study in Political Sciences.
International Relations (1648 - 1945) is a comprehensive exploration of the evolution of the global political landscape over three centuries. This book provides a detailed account of the major historical events and political changes that shaped international relations during this period, including the Peace of Westphalia, the rise of the nation-state system, the Industrial Revolution and the two World Wars.
With a focus on the complex interplay of power, diplomacy, ideology, and economics, this book analyzes the key actors, institutions, and ideas that influenced the course of international relations from the end of the Thirty Years' War to the end of World War II. Drawing on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, the book provides readers with a nuanced understanding of the forces that shaped the global political order and the challenges that policymakers faced in managing an increasingly interconnected and interdependent world.
Whether you are a student of history, political science, or international relations, or simply interested in understanding how the world came to be the way it is today, International Relations from 1648 to 1945 is an essential guide to a critical period in human history.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Muhammad Anwar Farooq
• Release date: Mar 26, 2023
• ISBN: 9798215929483

Muhammad Anwar Farooq

Mr. Muhammad Anwar Farooq is a university lecturer having Sixteen years of teaching and research experience. He is a good researcher and column writer. He is a non-fiction writer. He has written good books on philosophy, logic, science, history and politics. He is good at writing introductory books on several disciplines. His books start at elementary stage and progress, in some places, to intermediate stage. His books are first-rate study guides. He writes in a way that makes the books interesting and easily understandable. This book is a collection of handouts which he prepared for his class. Hopefully this introductory work would help the reader to grab basic concepts in the field.

Book preview

International Relations

(1645 – 1945)

Copyright 2022 Muhammad Anwar Farooq

Published by Muhammad Anwar Farooq at Smashwords

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ISBN: 9798215929483

International Relations

(1645 – 1945)

By

Muhammad Anwar Farooq

Dr. Majid Rashid

Waheed Shahzad

ISBN: 9798215929483

Table of Contents

Dedications

Foreword

Chapter 01 – History of International System

Chapter 02 – Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 03 – Treaty Of Westphalia 1648

Chapter 04 – French Revolution Of 1789

Chapter 05 – Congress of Vienna 1815

Chapter 06 – Balance of Power in Europe

Chapter 07 – World War I: Causes and Consequences

Chapter 08 – Treaty of Versailles 1919

Chapter 09 – Emergence of the League Of Nations: Causes and Consequences

Chapter 10 – The Great Depression

Chapter 11 – Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany

Chapter 12 – Second World War: Causes and Consequences

Chapter 13 – Impact of World War II on Global Politics

Bibliography

About the Author – Muhammad Anwar Farooq

Other Books by Muhammad Anwar Farooq

Connect with Muhammad Anwar Farooq

Dedications

I think continually of those who were truly great.

Who, from the womb, remembered the soul’s history

Through corridors of light, where the hours are suns,

Endless and singing. Whose lovely ambition

Was that their lips, still touched with fire,

Should tell of the Spirit, clothed from head to foot in song.

And who hoarded from the Spring branches

The desires falling across their bodies like blossoms.

(Stephen Spender)

We dedicate this book to those who were truly great…

Foreword

First of all, thank you for choosing this book. This book is an introductory book that covers the main events in history from 1645 to 1945 which are related to the study of International Relations. No doubt, International Relations is an emerging and important area of study in Political Sciences.

International Relations (1648 - 1945) is a comprehensive exploration of the evolution of the global political landscape over three centuries. This book provides a detailed account of the major historical events and political changes that shaped international relations during this period, including the Peace of Westphalia, the rise of the nation-state system, the Industrial Revolution and the two World Wars.

With a focus on the complex interplay of power, diplomacy, ideology, and economics, this book analyzes the key actors, institutions, and ideas that influenced the course of international relations from the end of the Thirty Years' War to the end of World War II. Drawing on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, the book provides readers with a nuanced understanding of the forces that shaped the global political order and the challenges that policymakers faced in managing an increasingly interconnected and interdependent world.

Whether you are a student of history, political science, or international relations, or simply interested in understanding how the world came to be the way it is today, International Relations from 1648 to 1945 is an essential guide to a critical period in human history.

Chapter 1

History of International System

States engage with one another in an environment known as the International System. All states are considered to be sovereign, and some states are more powerful than others. The system has a number of informal rules about how things should be done, but these rules are not binding. International relations have existed as long as states themselves. But the modern international system under which we live today is only a few centuries old. Significant events have marked the milestones in the development of the international system.

The Peace of Westphalia (1648)

In 1648, the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years’ war between Catholic states and Protestant states in western and central Europe, established our modern international system. It declared that the sovereign leader of each nation-state could do as she or he wished within its borders and established the state as the main actor in global politics. From that point forward, the international system has consisted primarily of relations among nation-states.

Shifting Balances of Power (1600–1800)

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the nation-state emerged as the dominant political unit of the international system. A series of powerful states dominated Europe, with the great powers rising and falling. Weaker states often banded together to prevent the dominant power from becoming too strong, a practice known as preserving the Balance Of Power. Frequent wars and economic competition marked this era. Some nations—notably France and England—were powerful through most of the modern age, but some—such as Spain and the Ottoman Empire—shrank in power over time.

Emergence of Nationalism (1800–1945)

The nineteenth century brought two major changes to the international system: Nationalism emerged as a strong force, allowing nation-states to grow even more powerful. Italy and Germany became unified countries, which altered the balance of military and economic power in Europe. The problems raised by the unification of Germany contributed to World War I (1914–1918). In the aftermath of the war, the international system changed dramatically again. The major powers of Europe had suffered greatly, whereas the United States began to come out of its isolation and transform into a global power. At the same time, the end