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    The Jesuits: A History
    The Jesuits: A History
    The Jesuits: A History
    Ebook1,288 pages17 hours

    The Jesuits: A History

    By Markus Friedrich

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    About this ebook

    The most comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of one of the most important religious orders in the modern world

    Since its founding by Ignatius of Loyola in 1540, the Society of Jesus—more commonly known as the Jesuits—has played a critical role in the events of modern history. From the Counter-Reformation to the ascent of Francis I as the first Jesuit pope, The Jesuits presents an intimate look at one of the most important religious orders not only in the Catholic Church, but also the world. Markus Friedrich describes an organization that has deftly walked a tightrope between sacred and secular involvement and experienced difficulties during changing times, all while shaping cultural developments from pastoral care and spirituality to art, education, and science.

    Examining the Jesuits in the context of social, cultural, and world history, Friedrich sheds light on how the order shaped the culture of the Counter-Reformation and participated in the establishment of European empires, including missionary activity throughout Asia and in many parts of Africa in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He also explores the place of Jesuits in the New World and addresses the issue of Jesuit slaveholders. The Jesuits often tangled with the Roman Curia and the pope, resulting in their suppression in 1773, but the order returned in 1814 to rise again to a powerful position of influence. Friedrich demonstrates that the Jesuit fathers were not a monolithic group and he considers the distinctive spiritual legacy inherited by Pope Francis.

    With its global scope and meticulous attention to archival sources and previous scholarship, The Jesuits illustrates the heterogeneous, varied, and contradictory perspectives of this famed religious organization.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherPrinceton University Press
    Release dateMar 1, 2022
    ISBN9780691226194
    The Jesuits: A History

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    • 4/5
      This book was a challenge for me. I had expected something more chronological, a clearer narrative, I guess. I had also expected that it would be more critical of the Jesuits. The Reformation: A History by Diarmaid MacCulloch gave me the idea that the Jesuits were provocative and incited Catholics to violence against Protestants in contested places like Poland. This book was not a diatribe or a catalog of wrongs. Instead, I found it to be a carefully balanced topical history of the Jesuit order. Actually, I think the author went out of his way to show that the Jesuits, made up of individuals after all, entertained a multiplicity of views, counter to the notion that they were a monolith of one thing or the other. The author explicitly defended the notion that the order, despite its hierarchical structure, was often loosely organized and incapable of some of the conspiracies and plots attributed to it. He also mentions misinformation and paranoia as possible factors for the disbandment of the Society of Jesus in 1773. As I say, this was not what I expected of the book, but it was not therefore unbeneficial. Although the author at the beginning of the book claimed objectivity, there seemed to be a positive bias in favor of the Jesuits. That said, even given that the book presents the Jesuit order in a rather positive light, there are plenty of reasons to go ahead and read the book. Here’s four:1) to understand the place of the Jesuits in European intellectual history - the Jesuits were important in the early propagation of science, humanism, and philosophy. Their schools did much to educate Europe, when Europe did not have nearly enough quality schools and colleges;2) to get some idea of Jesuit spirituality - how the early founders created an apostolic order, their core values, how they balanced, or tried to balance, action and contemplation, what their attitude was to the idea of self-annihilation, their attitudes toward mysticism and asceticism, etc.;3) to understand the Jesuits’ place in colonial New World treatment of indigenous peoples - even though they did not have an explicit policy against the institution of slavery often the Jesuits took the side of indigenous peoples against forced labor, and they were critical in the early documentation of indigenous languages; and, 4) to understand the reasons for the order’s downfall - whether you believe that was a good thing or brought about through misunderstanding and misinformation - the controversies are all here, the charges of cultural relativism in missions, their pattern of being too close to the inner workings of power, and, in their later history, their opposition (not unanimous even then) to the European Enlightenment. Often the greatest opponents of the Society came from other Catholic groups and institutions, religious rivals, not society at large.Regrettably, throughout its history, the Society seemed to ally itself most with traditional power. They needed the approval of monarchs to establish themselves in certain countries and certain mission fields, and those alliances carried over during the centuries of revolution. When the 20th century came (after the order was reinstated in 1814), they sometimes sided with the fascists, viewing the fascists as being more conservative, and viewing the liberals as representing a more anti-religious spiritual drift. But even then, there were Jesuits who were in tune with the dangers of fascism.There was a lot more to this book. Not being a historian, I feel so unsure of what I’m writing here. I took copious notes, read slowly, but I still have the feeling that I’ve barely scratched the surface of this book. There is still a lot to absorb even after setting the book down. I would never advise anyone not to read a book of this rigor. It was a smorgasbord of information. I believe it had a pro-Jesuit bias to an extent, but it also included and entertained a balance of perspectives. This book was a backgrounder for me, a foray into Counter-Reformation religion. I would recommend it to anyone interested in a thorough treatment of the Jesuits, especially to Catholics, but also to anyone sympathetic to learning about the history of the church.

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    The Jesuits - Markus Friedrich

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