The Flags of Civil War South Carolina

By Glenn Dedmondt

This detailed historical reference covers every known flag representing the Confederate State of Carolina and its role in the Civil War.

Many flags have represented the state of South Carolina over its long history. After years of locating, measuring, and determining the historical significance of more than one hundred flags displayed during the War Between the States, historian Glenn Dedmondt presents the most detailed and comprehensive look at South Carolina’s Civil War-era flags.

Included in this volume are: the Lone Star and Palmetto Flag, the first Southern flag hoisted over Fort Sumter; the Charleston Depot battle flag, and the naval Jack, flown only on a ship of war when in port. Through these banners and the stories that surround them, Dedmondt relates the story of South Carolina’s Civil War years.

 

• Language: English
• Publisher: Open Road Integrated Media
• Release date: Sep 30, 2000
• ISBN: 9781455604357

Book preview

Image for page 2Image for page 4Image for page 5Image for page 8

On Flags and Heroes

Flags are implements of war that have no violent purpose. They make no demands. They do not destroy, tear down, maim, or kill. Their purpose is to stir the most noble emotions within the human heart, emotions such as selflessness, bravery, familial love, filial love, duty to God and to home, and duty to a cause that supercedes one's own selfish motives. The effects of a flag seem to reach into the deepest recesses of the human psyche, not the primitive part that demands that we breathe and feed ourselves, but the part that harbors the deepest and most noble motives, feelings that prove that man is truly made in the image of God.

South Carolinians have a great appreciation for flags. The Capitol dome in Columbia is the only dome in the nation displaying three flags. It is common for homeowners to have flagpoles attached to or in front of their houses and for college students to display flags in their dormitory windows. Flags decorate T-shirts, ball caps, and the front bumpers of tens of thousands of our automobiles. In a great many cases, the flag being displayed is the Confederate battle flag with its cross of St. Andrew, or the Crescent and Palmetto tree on a blue (sometimes red) background. Middle school students draw them in their writer's notebooks, college students sew them onto their bookbags, some of the more daring have them tattooed on their arms, and South Carolinians of all walks of life display them on their front lawns for the passing world to see.

And of course, the passing world has responded. South Carolinians have been accused of, among other things, living in the past. The Confederate flags have been under assault from outsiders for decades, but each attack has caused South Carolinians to cling tighter to the flags that remind them of a different world, a world in which bravery, honor, duty, and selflessness were considered worthy virtues. At the time of this writing, there are still some South Carolinians whose fathers served in the Confederate army. The Stars and Bars and the Battle Flag with its St. Andrew's cross are truly the flags of their fathers. Other South Carolinians have grandfathers, or great-grandfathers, who served under this flag. Many have researched the service records at the South Carolina State Archives and have discovered one, two, or more ancestors who fought under the Southern Cross. This sense of family, history, and belonging is not isolated to any one part of the state. History is an interwoven part of the mind of South Carolina. South Carolinians are aware that, at a point in history, their state stood alone in its quest for self-government. When challenged by outside powers, their fathers, grandfathers, and great-grandfathers took up arms and marched away under a new flag to defend state sovereignty. The world has recognized the selfless devotion of the Confederate soldier, and their descendants show respect for their ancestors' sacrifices by flying their flag in places of honor.

The dedication of the South Carolina soldier who fought in the Confederate War is part of the historical record. One historian has calculated that South Carolina furnished for the war effort 33 regiments and 2 battalions of infantry, 7 regiments and 1 battalion of cavalry, 1 regiment and 1 battalion of heavy artillery, and 28 batteries of light artillery. South Carolina actually furnished for the service more than her military population of 55,046. Casualties are hard to reckon; most numbers are only estimates, but a conservative estimate is that 94,000 Confederate soldiers were killed or mortally wounded during the war. Of these approximately 23,000 were South Carolinians. South Carolina lost to the war almost one-fourth of her entire male population. The price paid in the quest for South Carolina's independence was staggering.

The survivors came home with nothing to show for their efforts. In some cases their homes had been lost to the savagery of war. Their towns were wrecked. Their economy was in a shambles. After the war, a cruel and debilitating Reconstruction was imposed on the Southern states. For eleven dark years in South Carolina, the surviving veterans were forbidden to express Confederate sympathies, to wear Confederate symbols, or to fly the Confederate flag. Perhaps the severity of South Carolina's punishment for daring to be free helped to cause the uplifting of all things Confederate when the state finally shook off the Reconstruction shackles in 1876. Regimental associations were formed, uniforms were worn, monuments erected, and flags were flown. In 1896, the United Confederate Veterans passed the torch to their sons, a group that grew stronger through the twentieth century and who now dedicate themselves "to the defense of the Confederate soldier's good name, the guardianship of his history, the emulation of his virtues" and "the perpetuation of those principles he loved and which made him glorious. Through the work of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the flag of the South Carolina Confederate soldier flies in a place of honor above the Capitol dome. Today, when the middle school student draws the flag in his writer's notebook, or when a local citizen displays the flag from his front porch, or the college student sews the flag on her bookbag, or when a descendant lovingly places the battle flag over his ancestor's grave on Confederate Memorial Day, each one in his own individual way is saying, Thank you ... I remember . . . You are not forgotten."

Image for page 12

Sovereignty Flag

[graphic]

The oldest symbol of South Carolina, predating even the Palmetto tree, is the crescent. In medieval England, the crescent was an heraldic emblem representing the second son of the family. Perhaps early South Carolinians identified with this second son concept, because the symbol is on South Carolina's first flags of the American Revolution. At the battle of Sullivan's Island, on June

28, 1776, a blue flag with silver crescent was the center of heroic action and became the state's battle flag.

When South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860, the above flag was raised over the Customs House in Charleston. The red color, symbolic of fighting spirit, was used on other flags at the time but was for the most part rare, the main color of South Carolina's flags being blue. This flag was later used on the blockade runner, Dixie.

[merged small][graphic]

Columbia

[graphic]

The U.S.S. Santiago de Cuba captured the steamer Columbia on May 15, 1862, in the vicinity of the Bahamas. This English-made ship was carrying a battery of Armstrong guns, powder, shot, shell, small arms, and other military equipment. Also captured was the above palmetto and star flag, presumably held in its stores from earlier service on another vessel, and to be flown once the Columbia had entered a Confederate harbor.

The white bunting field of the Columbia flag measures 34/2 (hoist) x 46/V (fly). The white canvas heading is 2% wide and has a whipped eyelet at either end. The appliqued palmetto tree is 27'/4 high and has a brown trunk that tapers to a point below separately appliqued green fronds. Arranged vertically along the heading side of the flag are three red bunting five-pointed stars measuring 5'/i in diameter.

The three stars may date the flag to early January 1861, and would represent South Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi.

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Palmetto Guard

Pvt. John Bird's Flag

[graphic]

The Lone Star and Palmetto flag pictured above created a stir in New York harbor in late November 1860. At that time it was flying from the masthead of the Palmetto Line brig John H. Jones. Reports vary regarding reaction to the flag. One story says that a New York gentleman politely questioned Capt. Charles E. Mills about the flag, while other stories say that the ship was mobbed by irate citizens. No matter what the reaction of the northern public was, the response of Capt. Mills was clear. The flag would remain in its place of prominence on the ship. It actually was brought down at sometime during the ship's stay in New York, during which time a red star was painted in the top left corner, a star representing the Republic of South Carolina. It was then returned to its position atop the mast.

Captain Mills was given a hero's welcome when he returned to South Carolina. For his obstinate