Submarines

By Dr. Diana Prince

Submarines play a vital part in the military and security of several countries.
From an early, rudimentary submarine prototype by Dutch inventor, Cornelius Drebbel in the late 1500’s, these underwater crafts are today’s part of military arsenals around the world.

This book documents the use of submarines by several countries. Some countries without local manufacturing facilities for these large craft, have collaborated with other nations to obtain submarines for reconnaissance and defense.

This book also documents the amazing journeys of the USS Nautilus in its underwater journey to the North Pole in 1958, and the USS Skate which later broke through the Arctic ice to surface at the North Pole.

• Language: English
• Publisher: AuthorHouse
• Release date: Aug 22, 2022
• ISBN: 9781665566599

Dr. Diana Prince

Dr. Diana Prince has a Master’s Degree in English and a Master’s Degree in Philosophy from California State University at San Diego. She has a PhD in Psychology from United States International University.

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© 2022 Dr. Diana Prince. All rights reserved.

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All photos are used with permission of Getty Photos.

Cover photo

USS Tucson (SSN-770)

During exercise Arabian Shark in 2000

ISBN: 978-1-6655-6660-5 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-6655-6661-2 (hc)

ISBN: 978-1-6655-6659-9 (e)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2022914054

Published by AuthorHouse 08/18/2022

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Table of Contents

Inventing the Submarine

America

Arctic Submarine Research Lab

The USS Thresher Incident

Nuclear Capabilities and Undersea Warfare

Brazil

Britain

Canada

China

Egypt

France

History-Making Submarine Repair

Germany

Greece

India’s INS Kursura (520) Submarine

Israel

Italy

Japan

Poland

Russia

Commercial and Tourist Submarines

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Inventing the Submarine

Cornelius Drebbel

(1572 – 1633)

Cornelius Drebbel was a Dutch inventor born in 1572 in the Netherlands. He began work on submarines, and he developed a control system for the proposed craft. He went to Britain in 1604, and offered his services at the court of King James I. He built the first working submarine prototype in 1620. He also is credited with inventing the incubator.

He demonstrated his first actual working submarine, when he sailed the small craft down the River Thames. The event caused enormous crowds who gathered to observe the unusual craft. The submarine was constructed of wood. Four oars emerged from the sides of the vehicle, and they were secured to the craft by leather straps. Drebbel died in London in 1633.

David Bushnell

(1740 – 1826)

David Bushnell was an American inventor from Connecticut who had been educated at Yale University. In 1775, Bushnell built a submersible designed to be piloted by one individual. He named his creation the "Turtle". The vehicle was capable of underwater propulsion and operated with the use of tubes which furnished fresh air for the craft. The egg-shaped structure was constructed out of oak.

The technology was a simple system of submerging the submarine by letting water into the interior of the hull. To surface, there was a mechanism to pump the water out of the craft by hand. The propulsion was provided by a hand-cranked screw arm, which moved the vessel forward and backwards.

Bushnell introduced his invention during the Revolutionary War in 1776, and this was the first use of the submarine for wartime purposes. The craft was used in New York Harbor when it attacked a British ship called the HMS Asia, in an attempt to set explosives. It was later captured and sunk by the British.

Wilhelm Bauer

(1822 – 1875)

In 1851, the first German submarine was designed by a German engineer named Wilhelm Bauer. It was designed to carry three people. German engineer Wilhelm Bauer had the vehicle fabricated in Kiel in the Schweffel and Howardt Shipyard.

Wilhelm had been a former artillery engineer in the German army. He set out to build a submersible ship that could break the blockade of the Prussian coast, which had been blockaded by the Danish Navy in 1848.

The "Brandtaucher" was designed to transport explosives, access their targets, and trigger them to detonate. The intention