Tales of Old Manila

By Lisa Angstadt

Manila, and the Philippine islands beyond it, has a rich history, filled with Spanish galleons, Japanese invaders, killer volcanoes, and a host of colorful characters and incidents that make the city a must-visit destination in Asia.  The influence of the Catholic Church and of Islam, the Spanish and American occupations, the Philippin

• Language: English
• Publisher: Earnshaw Books Ltd
• Release date: Feb 16, 2022
• ISBN: 9789888422098

Book preview

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The Tales Books

The concept of our Tales series of books is history with all the juicy bits highlighted and all the boring bits removed, a curated and easily digestible pot pourri of historical oddities, stories and information from a city’s past. A pastiche of quotes, extracts and old images, with some explanation along the way. It is a selective choice and somewhat random, certainly not completist. The material is laid out roughly chronologically, but you can open the book anywhere and start reading. Historical cliches are revived and addressed with glee. Virtually nothing strays over two pages. Please enjoy the feast.

The materials in the book come from a myriad sources. If any item is attributed inappropriately, please let us know and we will correct it. We believe all materials are either out of copyright or used within the bounds of fair usage. We are happy to remove any items where this proves not to be the case.

Other Books in the Tales Series

Tales of Old Shanghai

Tales of Old Hong Kong

Tales of Old Peking

Tales of Old Singapore

Tales of Old Batavia

Tales of Old Tokyo

Tales of Old Tianjin

Tales of Old Hainan

A Sherman tank under the ruined arch entrance of Fort Santiago in February 1945

Chronology

900 The kingdom of Tondo, covering much of Luzon Island, including today’s Manila, established, an Indianized Hindu-Buddhist culture

1240 An Arab trader Tuan Masha’ika, introduces Islam to the Sulu Islands, part of today’s southern Philippines

1457 Sultanate of Sulu founded by Sayyid Abubakar Abirin, an Arab- Muslim explorer

1500 Brunei invades Tondo, sets up Kingdom of Maynila

1521 Ferdinand Magellan reaches the Philippine Islands (March 31). Magellan killed by Lapu-Lapu, the ruler of Mactan (April 27) 1525-1536 Attempted expeditions to the Philippines by Spain, all failed

1543 Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos leads a successful expedition and names the islands of Samar and Leyte as Las Islas Filipinas in honor of the crown prince of Spain, Philip of Asturias

1565 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrives in the Philippines (February 13) Legazpi establishes the first permanent Spanish settlement in Cebu (May 8)

A postcard from the 1960s. The greeting word Mabuhay means long life in Tagalog

Escolta Street in the Binondo district of Manila, in 1905

1571 Legazpi moves the Spanish colonial government from Cebu to Manila

1574 Chinese pirate captain Limahong attacks Manila, fails to take it

1579 Roman Catholic Diocese of Manila established

1587-1588 Conspiracy of the Maharlikas, a plot against Spanish colonial rule by Tagalog noblemen the uprising failed

1593 Doctrina Christiana is published in Tagalog and Spanish, believed to be the first book printed in the Philippines

1600 The Manila Galleon trade between Manila and Acapulco in Mexico begins, continued until 1815

1602 Revolt of Chinese residents, known as Sangley Rebellion, put down by the Spaniards with the help of the Japanese and Filipinos. An estimated 20,000 people were slaughtered

1611 University of Santo Tomas established, the first university in the Philippines. originally a Catholic seminary

1645 Massive earthquake hits Luzon Island, causing massive damage in Manila and large numbers of deaths including 600 Spaniards

1762 British fleet seizes Manila Bay as part of Seven Years’ War (Sept 22), Manila falls under British rule (October 5), Dawsonne Drake becomes first British Governor-General (Nov 2)

1764 British occupation ends

1788 Birth of the greatest Tagalog poet, Francisco Balagtas Baltazar

1837 Manila declared an open port

1863 Earthquake leaves Manila in ruins

1863 Another earthquake causes huge damage in Manila

1872 Around 200 Filipino soldiers and workers at Fort San Felipe mutiny with the aim of starting a national uprising against Spanish rule. The attempt fails

1887 Filipino nationalist José Rizal’s novel Noli Me Tangere (Latin for ‘Touch me Not’) published, exposing the inquities of the Spanish Catholic priests and colonial administrators. It is today obligatory reading for high school students

1896 José Rizal executed on charges of rebellion. Considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines

1898 United States declares war on Spain (April 26), Admiral Dewey sinks Spanish fleet in Manila Bay (May 1), US troops arrive (July 17). Resistance from Filipino fighters continues until 1903

Five peso banknote issued in 1937, during the American administration

The Pasig River around the year 1900

1901 Balangiga massacre, in which the US 9th Infantry were attacked by townspeople, resulting in 48 dead

1908 The University of the Philippines established in Manila

1930 The Communist Party of the Philippines established

1935 The Philippine Constitution is signed and the Philippine Commonwealth is inaugurated

1941 General Douglas MacArthur declares Manila an open city

1942 Japanese troops enter Manila (Jan 4), MacArthur leaves (March 11), US forces surrender (May 6)

1944 US forces led by General Doulas MacArthur land on the island of Leyte (Oct 20)

1945 US troops land in large numbers (January 9), US and Filipino troops recapture Manila (March 3), 16,000 US troops and 330,000 Japanese troops killed in the fighting, Japan surrenders (August 15), the Philippines becomes a member of the United Nations (October)

1946 US recognizes the Independence of the Republic of the Philippines

1950 The Philippines joins the Korean War on the side of the Allies

1965 Ferdinand Marcos takes office as President

1968 Jabidah massacre; alleged killing of Moro soldiers by members of the Philippines armed forces

1969 Miss Philippines Gloria Diaz, crowned Miss Universe

1972 Marcos imposes Martial Law

1974 The last Japanese soldier in the Philippines surrenders

1975 Thrilla in Manila Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier boxing match

1981 Martial Law lifted

1983 Opposition leader Benigno Aquino assassinated at Manila Airport on his return from exile

1986 People’s Revolution demonstrations against Marcos (February)

1986 The Marcos’ leave Philippines for Hawaii (Feb 25)

1989 Ferdinand Marcos dies

Santa Cruz Church and Plaza, late 19th century

A copper plate engraving showing a map of Manila, created in 1726 by Valentijn

The Big Picture

The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107 islands to the southeast of the Asian landmass with a total area of 300,000 square kilometers. The largest islands are Luzon and Mindanao. The capital Manila is located on the west coast of Luzon.

Map of the Philippines from 1774

From Whence Manila

Manila is derived from two Tagalog words, may, meaning there is, and nilad, the name of a shrub that once grew abundantly along the banks of the Pasig River and the shores of Manila Bay. Maynilad, or where the nilad grows, was a prosperous Islamic town ruled by Rajah Sulayman, descendant of a royal Malay family, when the Spanish took the region in the 1570s.

An idyllic representation of traditional Philippines village life from the early 19th century

The True Manila

A description of the Intramuros section of the city from A Day in The Very Noble City, Manila: A lecture by Clay MacCauley, published in The Japan Gazette in 1899

At the right continued, as far as we went, those forbidding ramparts. They gradually inclined from the river, back of a widening quat and the spacious Plaze de Magallanes, showing thereby only the more fully the overtopping towers, spires and domes of the palaces, churches, monasteries and colleges crowded together behind them. There lay the true Manila, the Manila of centurys past, wherein has centered Spain as State Church and School.

The Kingdom of Tondo

Tondo was a kingdom that ruled large parts of Luzon Island, including today’s Manila, from around 900AD to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century. The culture was influenced by the Indian-related culture that spread across Asia prior to the arrival of Islam to Java, Borneo and Cambodia, all of which had ties with Tondo. The kingdom used a Sanskrit-related script, and the oldest- known document in the Philippines, the Laguna Copperplate, is written in this language. In the document, the Lady Angkatan and her brother are forgiven a debt. The document translates as:

Long Live! In the Year of Saka 822, month of Waisakha, according to the astronomer. The fourth day of the waning moon, Monday. On this occasion, Lady Angkatan, and her relative whose name is Bukah, the children of the Honourable Namwaran, were awarded a document of complete pardon from the Commander-in-Chief of Tundun, represented by the Lord Minister of Pailah, Jayadewa. This means that, through the Honourable Scribe, the Honourable Namwaran is totally cleared of his salary-related debts of 1 Katî and 8 Suwarna, before the Honorable Lord Minister of Puliran, Kasumuran; by the authority of the Lord Minister of Pailah, represented by Ganasakti. The Honourable and widely-renowned Lord Minister of Binwagan, represented by Bisruta. And, with his whole family, upon ordered of the Lord Minister of Dewata, represented by the Chief of Mdang, because of his loyalty as a subject of the Commander-in- Chief. Therefore, the living descendants of the Honorable Namwaran are cleared of all debts of the Honourable Namwaran to the Lord Minister of Dewata. This, in any case, whosoever, sometime in the future, who