John: A Commentary

By Marianne Meye Thompson

Almost from the earliest days of the church, John's distinctive presentation of Jesus has provoked discussion about its place among the other Gospels. One cannot help but see the differences from the Synoptics and wonder about the origins and character of John. In this new volume in the New Testament Library series, Marianne Meye Thompson explores the ministry and significance of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the Gospel of John, paying special attention to the social, cultural, and historical contexts that produced it. John's Gospel, Thompson posits, is the product of a social-cultural world whose language, commitments, and contours must be investigated in order to read John's narrative well. In doing so, Thompson studies the narrative, structure, central themes, and theological and rhetorical arguments found in the Fourth Gospel. Thompson's expert commentary unpacks and illuminates John's unique witness to Jesusâ€"who he was, what he did, and what that means.

The New Testament Library series offers authoritative commentary on every book and major aspect of the New Testament, providing fresh translations based on the best available ancient manuscripts, critical portrayals of the historical world in which the books were created, careful attention to their literary design, and a theologically perceptive exposition of the biblical text. The contributors are scholars of international standing. The editorial board consists of C. Clifton Black, Princeton Theological Seminary; M. Eugene Boring, Brite Divinity School; and John T. Carroll, Union Presbyterian Seminary.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Westminster John Knox Press
• Release date: Nov 6, 2015
• ISBN: 9781611646184

Marianne Meye Thompson

Marianne Meye Thompson is George Eldon Ladd Professor of New Testament at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. She is an ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Among her books is The Promise of the Father: Jesus and God in the New Testament, published by Westminster John Knox Press.

Book preview

JOHN

THE NEW TESTAMENT LIBRARY

Editorial Advisory Board

C. CLIFTON BLACK

M. EUGENE BORING

JOHN T. CARROLL

© 2015 Marianne Meye Thompson

First edition

Published by Westminster John Knox Press

Louisville, Kentucky

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24—10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Westminster John Knox Press, 100 Witherspoon Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202–1396. Or contact us online at www.wjkbooks.com.

Scripture quotations outside of the Gospel of John, unless otherwise indicated, are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., and are used by permission. Translations of the Gospel of John are by the author.

Book design by Jennifer K. Cox

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Thompson, Marianne Meye.

John: a commentary / Marianne Meye Thompson.—First edition.

pages cm.—(The New Testament Library)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-664-22111-9 (alk. paper)

1. Bible. John—Commentaries.    I. Title.

    BS2615.53.T56 2015

    226.5’077—dc23

2015002763        

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992.

Most Westminster John Knox Press books are available at special quantity discounts when purchased in bulk by corporations, organizations, and special-interest groups. For more information, please e-mail [e-mail].

To my students,

who have responded faithfully

to Jesus’ call to follow him:

friends in shared work and witness

CONTENTS

List of Tables

Preface

Abbreviations

Modern Sources and Common Usage

Ancient Sources

Bibliography

Commentaries

Monographs and Articles

Introduction

John and the Other Gospels

Reading from John’s Perspective

John’s Witness to Jesus

In the Beginning Was the Word

The Word Was Made Flesh

He Is Ever at the Father’s Side

Structure and Structural Features of the Fourth Gospel

Authorship, Date, and Setting

How This Commentary Proceeds

A Note on the Translation

COMMENTARY ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN

1:1–18    The Introduction to the Gospel and to Jesus

Excursus 1: Word and Wisdom in John

1:19–4:54    Witnesses to Jesus

1:19–34    The Witness of John to Jesus

1:35–51    The Calling of the First Disciples and Their Witness to Jesus

Excursus 2: Son of God, Son, and Son of Man in John

2:1–11    Jesus’ First Sign: The Messianic Provision of Abundance

Excursus 3: The Signs in the Gospel of John

2:12–25    Jesus and the Temple

3:1–21    The Spirit, New Life, and the People of God

Excursus 4: Life and Eternal Life in John

3:22–36    John Continues to Bear Witness

4:1–42    The Spirit, True Worship, and the People of God

4:1–15    Jesus, Jacob, and Living Water

4:16–30    Jesus, the Messiah, and True Worship

4:31–42    Jesus and the Samaritan People

4:43–54    The Life-Giving Word of Jesus: A Second Sign at Cana

5:1–12:50    The Life-Giving Son of God

5:1–47    The Life-Giving Prerogatives of the Son: A Sabbath Healing

5:1–18    Jesus Heals a Man on the Sabbath

5:19–30    The Authority of the Son

5:31–47    Witnesses to Jesus

6:1–71    Jesus, the Bread of Life: Signs at Passover

6:1–15    The Feeding of the Five Thousand

6:16–21    A Revelation of Jesus’ Identity

6:22–34    Bread from Heaven

6:35–59    I Am the Bread of Life

Excursus 5: The I Am Sayings of John

6:60–71    The Response to Jesus’ Discourse

7:1–10:21    Jesus, the Light of the World: Words and Deeds at Tabernacles

7:1–13    Jesus and His Brothers: Invitation to the Feast

7:14–36    The Middle of the Feast: Jesus’ Teaching from God

7:37–52    The Last Day of the Feast: Living Water

Excursus 6: 7:53–8:11 Jesus and the Woman Caught in Adultery

8:12–20    Jesus, the Light of the World

8:21–30    Sin, Death, and Departure

8:31–47    Children of Abraham, Children of God

8:48–59    Before Abraham Was, I Am

Excursus 7: The Jews in the Gospel of John

9:1–41    Light in Darkness

9:1–12    Jesus Heals a Man Born Blind

9:13–23    The Pharisees Question the Man

9:24–41    The Pharisees Question the Man Again

10:1–21    Jesus, the Good Shepherd

10:22–42    Jesus the Messiah: The Feast of Dedication

11:1–54    Jesus, the Resurrection and the Life: The Final Sign

11:1–16    The One You Love Is Ill

11:17–44    The Raising of Lazarus

11:45–54    The Council Gathers in Jerusalem

11:55–12:50    Summary of Jesus’ Signs, Anticipating Jesus’ Death: The Final Passover

11:55–12:11    Preparation for Jesus’ Burial

12:12–19    The Coming of the King

12:20–36    Anticipating Jesus’ Death

12:37–50    The Summary of Jesus’ Public Ministry

13:1–17:26    Jesus and His Disciples

13:1–30    Jesus’ Final Meal with His Disciples

13:1-20    Jesus Washes His Disciples’ Feet

13:21–30    Jesus Predicts His Betrayal

13:31–16:33    Jesus’ Final Words to His Disciples

13:31–38    Jesus’ New Commandment

Excursus 8: The Johannine Vocabulary of Faith and Discipleship

14:1–11    Jesus’ Imminent Departure to the Father

14:12–31    Jesus’ Promises to His Disciples

Excursus 9: The Holy Spirit in John

15:1–17    Jesus, the True Vine

15:18–16:15    The Disciples, the World, and the Paraclete

16:16–33    Jesus’ Departure

17:1–26    Jesus’ Final Prayer for His Disciples

18:1–19:42    The Arrest, Trial, and Crucifixion of Jesus

18:1–14    Jesus Arrested in the Garden

18:15–27    Peter’s Denial and Jesus’ Interrogation before Annas

18:28–19:16    Jesus and Pilate

19:17–42    The Crucifixion and Burial of Jesus

20:1–21:25    The Resurrection of Jesus

20:1–10    The Discovery of the Empty Tomb

20:11–18    Jesus Appears to Mary: The Good Shepherd Calls His Own

20:19–23    Jesus Appears to His Disciples: The Giving of the Holy Spirit

20:24–31    Jesus Appears to Thomas: The Call to Faith

21:1–25    Jesus Appears to His Disciples in Galilee: The Call to Follow

21:1–14    Jesus’ Provision for His Disciples

21:15–22    Three More Questions for Simon Peter

21:23–25    Yet Once More: The Disciple Whom Jesus Loved

Index of Scripture and Other Ancient Sources

Index of Subjects and Authors

LIST OF TABLES

1.   Two Signs at Cana

2.   Resurrection and Life

3.   As the Father Sent Me, So Also I Send You

4.   Jesus Appears in Jerusalem and Galilee

5.   Love: Agapaō and Phileō

PREFACE

No one comes to the end of such a project as this commentary without the assistance, friendship, and support of a myriad of persons. For more than seventeen years I have taught, written, spoken, preached, and discoursed on the Gospel of John as I worked on this book. Admittedly, I have done other things as well—and they are part of the reason that this manuscript leaves our home, at long last, as the last of our children, and almost old enough to vote.

Now that my labors have come to an end of sorts it is my pleasure to acknowledge the help of so many along the way. I am sure that there are more who should be thanked, but I want to single out a few in particular. I want first to thank those who answered so many questions along the way, including my wonderful colleagues at Fuller. I’m grateful to have learned so much from Jim Butler, who responded patiently and fully to numerous queries about matters of Old Testament interpretation. Thanks are also due to Chris Hays for help with Hebrew translation and transliteration; to Love Sechrest for reading portions of the manuscript; and to Tommy Givens, whose detailed feedback on several questions changed my mind more than once.

Special thanks go also to my longtime friend Ed Cook, who responded graciously to my inquiries about matters related to the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Targums, and Aramaic in general. Maria Doerfler helped with nuances of German translation. Markus Bockmuehl generously discussed a range of issues relevant to Galilee, Simon Peter, rabbinic sources, and the Gospel of John itself. I owe some key aspects of the way I have come to understand the Gospel to Markus, as well as The Identity of Jesus discussion group that met over a period of years at the Center for Theological Inquiry at Princeton. (An essay I wrote during the course of those meetings, titled Word of God, Messiah of Israel, Savior of the World: Learning the Identity of Jesus from the Gospel of John, appeared in Seeking the Identity of Jesus: A Pilgrimage, and portions of that essay appear in the introduction to this commentary.)¹

I have had instructors too numerous to name in the study of the Gospel: they have taught me in the classroom, colloquia, conferences, written books, and articles. My debt to them will be obvious, even if not always explicitly acknowledged. However, among my cherished teachers I wish to name and thank especially my doctoral supervisor, D. Moody Smith, a model of wisdom and erudition, for first introducing me to in-depth academic study of this Gospel.

I also owe a great deal to the students who have studied the Gospel of John with me over the years, and for their questions, insights, and commitment to the witness that the Gospel bears. In many ways, this commentary has been written with my students in both the background and the foreground: it has been shaped and often revised in formal and informal discussions with them, and many of my editorial decisions have been made with them first and foremost in view. Ever grateful for the trust that they have put in those of us who teach them, I have dedicated this commentary to them, in the hope they will receive this work with my prayers and blessing for their calling. In our common work and witness, it is my privilege to call them friends.

The editorial team for the New Testament Library and Westminster John Knox have done yeoman’s service in working with the manuscript over the years that I have worked on it. I am especially grateful to my friend and editor, Clift Black, for his competent, patient, and gentle nudging about so many matters, as well as for allowing me to speak with my own voice. Special thanks go also to Dan Braden, who oversaw this project with a steady hand: always peace!

Finally, I want to express my gratitude to my daughters, Allison and Annelise, now grown. They heard a lot from me about the Gospel and the commentary over the years, and they have celebrated with me as various milestones were passed. I especially want to say thank you to my husband, John, for his support. His input, encouragement, commiseration, cheerleading, tech support, editorial suggestions, prayer, and friendship have been invaluable in getting me to the goal. I look forward to the next seventeen years together—this time without a commentary to finish!

It has been a privilege to work deeply in the Gospel over these years and to contribute a commentary to the New Testament Library. Now, at last, the writing is finished: but my reflections on this Gospel surely are not at an end, nor doubtless will they ever be.

Marianne Meye Thompson

Easter 2015

---

1.  Seeking the Identity of Jesus: A Pilgrimage, ed. Richard B. Hays and Beverly R. Gaventa (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008). Reprinted by permission of the publisher; all rights reserved.

ABBREVIATIONS

Modern Sources and Common Usage

Ancient Sources

Abbreviations of the titles of ancient biblical, Jewish, Greek, and Latin sources conform to The SBL Handbook of Style for Biblical Studies and Related Disciplines, 2d ed. (Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2014). Below are sources for which the SBL Handbook does not provide abbreviations.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

In the footnotes, all works are cited by author, along with the year if other works from that author are cited.

Commentaries

Augustine. 1988–1995. Tractates on the Gospel of John. FC. Translated by John W. Rettig. 5 vols. Washington, DC: Catholic University Press, 1988. Vols. 78–79, 88, 90, 92.

Barrett, Charles K. 1978. The Gospel according to St. John: An Introduction with Commentary and Notes on the Greek Text. 2d, rev. ed. Philadelphia: Westminster.

Beasley-Murray, George R. 1999. John. 2d ed. WBC. Nashville: Nelson.

Becker, Jürgen. 1979. Das Evangelium nach Johannes. Vol. 1. Gütersloh: Gerd Mohn; Würzburg: Echter-Verlag.

———. 1981. Das Evangelium nach Johannes. Vol. 2. Gütersloh: Gerd Mohn; Würzburg: Echter-Verlag.

Brant, Jo-Ann. 2011. John. Paideia Commentaries on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Brodie, Thomas L. 1993. The Gospel according to John: A Literary and Theological Commentary. New York: Oxford University Press.

Brown, Raymond E. 1966. The Gospel according to John. Vol. 1, 1–12. AB 29. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

———. 1970. The Gospel according to John. Vol. 2, 13–21. AB 29A. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

Bruner, Frederick Dale. 2012. The Gospel of John: A Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Bultmann, Rudolf. 1971. The Gospel of John. Translated by George R. Beasley-Murray. Philadelphia: Westminster.

Calvin, John. 1959–1961. The Gospel according to St. John. 2 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Carson, Donald A. 1991. The Gospel according to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; Leicester: Inter-Varsity.

Cyril of Alexandria. 1874. Commentary on the Gospel according to S. John. Vol. 1, S. John 1–8. Translated by Philip Edward Pusey. Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church 43. London: Walter Smith.

———. 1885. Commentary on the Gospel according to S. John. Vol. 2, S. John 9–21. Translated by Thomas Randall. Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church 48. London: Walter Smith.

Ephrem the Syrian. 1993. Saint Ephrem’s Commentary on Tatian’s Diatessaron: An English Translation of Chester Beatty Syriac MS709. Translated and edited by Carmel McCarthy. Journal of Semitic Studies Supplement 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the University of Manchester.

Grayston, Kenneth. 1990. The Gospel of John. Narrative Commentaries. Philadelphia: Trinity Press International.

Haenchen, Ernst. 1984. John: A Commentary on the Gospel of John. Vol. 1, Chapters 1–6. Vol. 2, Chapters 7–21. Philadelphia: Fortress.

Hoskyns, Edwyn C. 1956. The Fourth Gospel. Edited by Francis N. Davey. London: Faber & Faber.

Keener, Craig S. 2003. The Gospel of John: A Commentary. 2 vols. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson.

Köstenberger, Andreas. 2004. John. BECNT. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Lincoln, Andrew T. 2005. The Gospel according to Saint John. BNT 4. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson.

Lindars, Barnabas. 1972. The Gospel of John. NCB. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Malina, Bruce J., and Richard Rohrbaugh. 1998. Social-Science Commentary on the Gospel of John. Minneapolis: Fortress.

McHugh, John. 2009. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on John 1–4. ICC. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.

Michaels, J. Ramsay. 2010. The Gospel of John. NICNT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Moloney, Francis J. 1993. Belief in the Word: Reading John 1–4. Minneapolis: Fortress.

———. 1996. Signs and Shadows: Reading John 5–12. Minneapolis: Fortress.

———. 1998a. Glory, Not Dishonor: Reading John 13–21. Minneapolis: Fortress.

———. 1998b. The Gospel of John. SP 4. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press.

Neyrey, Jerome H. 2007. The Gospel of John. New Cambridge Bible Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

O’Day, Gail R. 1996. The Gospel of John. NIB 9:491–865.

Origen. 1993. Commentary on the Gospel according to John. Vol. 2, Books 13–32. Translated by Ronald E. Heine. FC 89. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press.

Ridderbos, Herman N. 1997. The Gospel of John: A Theological Commentary. Translated by John Vriend. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Schlatter, Adolf. 1960. Der Evangelist Johannes. Stuttgart: Calwer Verlag.

Schnackenburg, Rudolf. 1982. The Gospel according to St. John. 3 vols. New York: Crossroad.

Schnelle, Udo. 1998. Das Evangelium nach Johannes. THKNT. Leipzig: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt.

Smith, D. Moody. 1999. John. ANTC. Nashville: Abingdon.

Talbert, Charles H. 1992. Reading John: A Literary and Theological Commentary on the Fourth Gospel and the Johannine Epistles. New York: Crossroad.

Thyen, Hartwig. 2005. Das Johannesevangelium. HNT 6. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Westcott, Brooke F. 1882. The Gospel according to St. John: The Authorized Version, with Introduction and Notes. London: John Murray. 2 vols., 1908.

Whitacre, Rodney A. 1999. John. IVPNT. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity.

Wilckens, Ulrich. 1998. Das Evangelium nach Johannes. NTD 4. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

Monographs and Articles

Ackerman, James. 1966. The Rabbinic Interpretation of Psalm 82 and the Gospel of John. HTR 59:186–91.

Alexander, Philip S. 1992. ‘The Parting of the Ways’ from the Perspective of Rabbinic Judaism. Pages 1–25 in Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways A.D. 70 to 135. The Second Durham-Tübingen Research Symposium on Earliest Christianity and Judaism (Durham, September 1989). Edited by J. D. G. Dunn. WUNT 66. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Allison, Dale C., Jr. 2010. Constructing Jesus: Memory, Imagination, and History. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Anderson, Paul N. 1996. The Christology of the Fourth Gospel: Its Unity and Disunity in the Light of John 6. Valley Forge: Trinity Press International.

———. 2011. The Riddles of the Fourth Gospel: An Introduction to John. Minneapolis: Fortress.

Anderson, Paul N., Felix Just, S.J., and Tom Thatcher, eds. 2007. John, Jesus, and History. Vol. 1, Critical Appraisals of Critical Views. SBLSymS 44. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.

———, eds. 2009. John, Jesus, and History. Vol. 2, Aspects of Historicity in the Fourth Gospel. ECIL 2. SBLSymS 44. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.

Anderson, Robert T. 1992. Samaritans. ABD 5:940–47.

Arav, Rami, and Richard Freund. 1995. Bethsaida: A City by the Northern Shore of the Sea of Galilee. Bethsaida Excavations Project 1. Kirksville, MO: Thomas Jefferson University Press.

Ashton, John. 2007. Understanding the Fourth Gospel. 2d ed. Oxford: Clarendon.

Attridge, Harry. 2002. Genre Bending in the Fourth Gospel. JBL 121:3–21.

———. 2008. From Discord Rises Meaning: Resurrection Motifs in the Fourth Gospel. Pages 1–19 in The Resurrection of Jesus in the Gospel of John. Edited by Craig R. Koester and Reimund Bieringer. WUNT 222. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

———. 2010. An ‘Emotional’ Jesus and Stoic Tradition. Pages 122–36 in Essays on John and Hebrews. WUNT 264. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Ball, David Mark. 1996. I Am in John’s Gospel: Literary Function, Background, and Theological Implications. JSNTSup 124. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.

Barton, Stephen C. 1994. Discipleship and Family Ties in Mark and Matthew. SNTSMS 80. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Bauckham, Richard. 1996. Nicodemus and the Gurion Family. JTS 47:1–37.

———. 1997. Qumran and the Fourth Gospel: Is There a Connection? Pages 267–79 in The Scrolls and the Scriptures: Qumran Fifty Years After. Edited by S. E. Porter and C. A. Evans. JSPSup 26. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.

———. 1998a. For Whom Were the Gospels Written? Pages 9–48 in The Gospels for All Christians: Rethinking the Gospel Audiences. Edited by Richard Bauckham. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

———, ed. 1998b. The Gospels for All Christians: Rethinking the Gospel Audiences. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

———. 2006. Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

———. 2007a. Did Jesus Wash His Disciples Feet? Repr. (from 1999) as pages 191–206 in The Testimony of the Beloved Disciple. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

———. 2007b. The Holiness of Jesus and His Disciples in the Gospel of John. Pages 253–70 in The Testimony of the Beloved Disciple. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

———. 2007c. The Testimony of the Beloved Disciple: Narrative, History, and Theology in the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

———. 2008. Jesus and the God of Israel. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Beirne, Margaret. 2003. Women and Men in the Fourth Gospel: A Discipleship of Equals. JSNTSup 242. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.

Bennema, Cornelis. 2002a. The Giving of the Spirit in John’s Gospel—A New Proposal? EQ 74:195–213.

———. 2002b. The Power of Saving Wisdom: An Investigation of Spirit and Wisdom in Relation to the Soteriology of the Fourth Gospel. WUNT 2/148. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

———. 2005. The Sword of the Messiah and the Concept of Liberation in the Fourth Gospel. Bib 86:35–58.

———. 2009. Encountering Jesus: Character Studies in the Gospel of John. Carlisle: Paternoster.

Berger, Klaus. 1997. Im Anfang war Johannes. Stuttgart: Quell Verlag.

Bernier, Jonathan. 2013. Aposynagōgos and the Historical Jesus in John: Rethinking the Historicity of the Johannine Expulsion Passages. BIS 122. Boston: Brill.

Beutler, Johannes. 1984. Habt keine Angst: Die erste johanneische Abschiedsrede (John 14). Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk.

———. 1996. The Use of ‘Scripture’ in the Gospel of John. Pages 147–62 in Exploring the Gospel of John: In Honor of D. Moody Smith. Edited by R. Alan Culpepper and C. Clifton Black. Louisville: Westminster John Knox.

———. 2001. Synoptic Jesus Tradition in the Johannine Farewell Discourses. Pages 165–73 in Jesus in Johannine Tradition. Edited by Robert T. Fortna and Tom Thatcher. Louisville: Westminster John Knox.

Bieringer, Reimund. 2008. Resurrection and Ascension in the Gospel of John. Pages 209–35 in The Resurrection of Jesus in the Gospel of John. Edited by Craig Koester and Reimund Bieringer. WUNT 222. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Bieringer, Reimund, Didier Pollefeyt, and Frederique Vandecasteele-Vanneuville, eds. 2001. Anti-Judaism and the Fourth Gospel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox.

Black, C. Clifton. 1998. 1, 2, 3 John. NIB 12:365–469.

Blomberg, Craig L. 2001. The Historical Reliability of John’s Gospel: Issues and Commentary. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity.

Bockmuehl, Markus. 1994. This Jesus: Martyr, Lord, Messiah. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.

———. 1997. ‘The Form of God’ (Phil. 2:6): Variations on a Theme of Jewish Mysticism. JTS 48:1–23.

———. 2000. Jewish Law in Gentile Churches: Halakhah and the Beginning of Christian Public Ethics. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

———. 2004. Simon Peter’s Names in Jewish Source. JJS 55:58–80.

———. 2005. ‘Keeping It Holy’: Old Testament Commandment and New Testament Faith. Pages 95–124 in I Am the Lord Your God: Christian Reflections on the Ten Commandments. Edited by Carl E. Braaten and Christopher R. Seitz. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

———. 2010. The Remembered Peter. WUNT 262. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010.

———. 2012a. The Baptism of Jesus as Super-Sacrament of Salvation. Theology 115:83–91.

———. 2012b. Simon Peter in Scripture and Memory: The New Testament Apostle in the Early Church. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Bokser, Baruch M. 1992. Unleavened Bread and Passover, Feasts of. ABD 6:755–56.

Bond, Helen K. 1998. Pontius Pilate in History and Interpretation. SNTSMS 100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Borgen, Peder. 1965. Bread from Heaven: An Exegetical Study in the Concept of Manna in the Gospel of John and the Writings of Philo. NovTSup 10. Leiden: Brill.

———. 1968. God’s Agent in the Fourth Gospel. Pages 137–48 in Religions in Antiquity. Edited by Jacob Neusner. Leiden: Brill. Reprinted as pages 67–78 in The Interpretation of John. Edited by John Ashton. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1986.

———. 1969. Observations on the Targumic Character of the Prologue of John. NTS 16:288–95.

———. 1972. Logos Was the True Light: Contributions to the Interpretation of the Prologue of John. NovT 14:115–30.

———. 1996. The Gospel of John and Hellenism: Some Observations. Pages 95–123 in Exploring the Gospel of John: In Honor of D. Moody Smith. Edited by R. Alan Culpepper and C. Clifton Black. Louisville: Westminster John Knox.

———. 2007. The Scriptures and the Words and Works of Jesus. Pages 39–58 in What We Have Heard from the Beginning: The Past, Present, and Future of Johannine Studies. Edited by Tom Thatcher. Waco: Baylor University Press.

Boring, M. Eugene. 1978. The Influence of Christian Prophecy in the Johannine Portrayal of the Paraclete and Jesus. NTS 25:113–23.

Bornkamm, Günther. 1997. "Towards the Interpretation of John’s Gospel: A Discussion of The Testament of Jesus, by Ernst Käsemann." Pages 97–119 in The Interpretation of John. Edited by John Ashton. 2d ed. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. Repr. of Evangelische Theologie 28 (1968): 8–25.

Boyarin, Daniel. 2001. "The Gospel of the Memra: Jewish Binitarianism and the Prologue to John." HTR 94:243–84.

Brown, Raymond E. 1979. The Community of the Beloved Disciple. New York: Paulist Press.

———. 1994. The Death of the Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave; A Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the Four Gospels. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday.

———. 2003. An Introduction to the Gospel of John. Edited by Francis J. Moloney. New York: Doubleday.

Brown, Tricia Gates. 2003. Spirit in the Writings of John: Johannine Pneumatology in Social-Scientific Perspective. New York: T&T Clark.

Brunson, Andrew. 2003. Psalm 118 in the Gospel of John. WUNT 2/158. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Bryan, Christopher. 2005. Render to Caesar: Jesus, the Early Church, and the Roman Superpower. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bryan, Steven M. 2005. The Eschatological Temple in John 14. BBR 15:187–98.

Bultmann, Rudolf. 1951. Theology of the New Testament. Vol. 1. New York: Scribners.

———. 1955. Theology of the New Testament. Vol. 2. New York: Scribners.

Burge, Gary M. 1987. The Anointed Community: The Holy Spirit in the Johannine Tradition. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Burkett, Delbert. 1991. The Son of the Man in the Gospel of John. JSNTSup 56. Sheffield: JSOT Press.

Burridge, Richard A. 2004. What Are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography. 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Bynum, William Randolph. 2012. The Fourth Gospel and the Scripture: Illuminating the Form and Meaning of Scriptural Citation in John 19:37. Nov-TSup 144. Leiden: Brill.

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