The Guide to the American Revolutionary War at Sea: Vol. 4 1779

By Norman Desmarais

The Guide to the American Revolutionary War at Sea chronicles more than 10,500 actions -- far more than other naval histories. Vol. 4 documents 1714 of them which occurred in 1779. It includes the actions of the Continental and state navies, the French and British navies, the actions of American and British privateers and those of their

• Language: English
• Publisher: Revolutionary Imprints
• Release date: Nov 1, 2016
• ISBN: 9780692801222

Norman Desmarais

Norman Desmarais, professor emeritus at Providence College, lives in Lincoln, RI and is an active re-enactor. He is a member of Le Regiment Bourbonnais, the 2nd Rhode Island Regiment and the Brigade of the American Revolution. He is editor-in-chief of The Brigade Dispatch, the journal the Brigade of the American Revolution and the author of Battlegrounds of Freedom, the 6-volume The Guide to the American Revolutionary War, and The Guide to the American Revolutionary War at Sea and Overseas (in preparation) which covers more than 10,500 actions. He has also translated the Gazette Françoise, the French newspaper published in Newport, RI by the French fleet that brought the Count de Rochambeau and 5800 French troops to America in July 1780. It is the first known service newspaper published by an expeditionary force. Norman has also written a number of articles for the Journal of the American Revolution, the Online Journal of Rhode Island History, and The Brigade Dispatch

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The Guide to the American

Revolutionary War at Sea

Vol.  4

1779

Norman Desmarais

Revolutionary Imprints

Contents

Abbreviations …………………………………………

Newspapers………………………………………

1779 ………………………………………………… …..

Notes………………………………………………….

Abbreviations

AAS: American Antiquarian Society.

Allen: Allen, Gardner Weld.  A Naval History of the American  Revolution. Boston and New York: Houghton

Mifflin Company, The Riverside Press Cambridge, 1913.

Allen. Privateers:  Allen, Gardner Weld.  Massachusetts privateers of the Revolution. [Boston]: The

Massachusetts Historical Society, 1927.

Almon:  The  Remembrancer, or impartial repository of public events.  Almon, John, Pownall, Thomas.

London: J. Almon, 1775-1784.

APS: American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.

AVCR: Dow, George Francis.  American Vessels Captured By the British During the  Revolution and War of  1812: The Records of the Vice-Admiralty Court at Halifax, Nova Scotia. Salem, Mass.: The Essex Institute,

1911.

Barneville:  Barneville, Brisout de, Journal de Guerre de Brisout de Barneville,  Mai 1780-0ctobre 1781,

French-American Review. 3 (OctoberDecember 1950) 217-278.

BNA: British National Archives.

Boatner: Boatner, Mark M. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution. 3d ed., New York: McKay, 1980.

Claghorn: Claghorn, Charles Eugene.  Naval officers of the American Revolution: a concise biographical dictionary. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1988.

Clark: Clark, William Bell.  George Washington's Navy: being an account of His Excellency's fleet in New

England waters. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1960.

Clinton: Clinton, Henry.  The American Rebellion: Sir Henry Clinton’s Narrative of His Campaigns, 1775– 1782, with an appendix of original documents. Edited by William B. Willcox. New Haven: Yale University  Press, 1954.

Clowes: Clowes, William Laird.  The Royal  Navy: a history from the earliest times to 1900. London:

Chatham, 1996. 7 vols.

Coker:  Coker, P. C.  Charleston's maritime heritage, 1670-1865: an illustrated history. Charleston, S.C.:

CokerCraft Press, 1987.

Commager: Commager, Henry Steele.  The spirit  of 'seventy-six; the story of the American Revolution as told by participants. edited by Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris. New York, Harper & Row  [1967].

Davies: Davies, K.G. Documents of the American Revolution 1770-1783. (Colonial Office  Series) Shannon:

Irish University Press, 1972.

Faibisy: Faibisy, John D. "A Compilation of Nova Scotia Vessels Seized During the American Revolution and

Libelled in the New England Prize Court." in NDAR, X, 1201-1210.

Force: Force, Peter.  American archives: consisting of a collection of authentick records, state papers, debates, and letters and other notices of publick affairs, the whole forming a documentary history of the origin and progress of the North American colonies; of the causes and accomplishment of the American revolution; and of the Constitution of government for the United States, to the final ratification thereof. In

six series. [Washington, 1837—1853.

Fowler: Fowler, William M., Jr.  Rebels Under Sail: The American Navy during the Revolution. New York:

Scribner, 1976.

Fremont-Barnes:  The Encyclopedia of the American Revolutionary War: a political, social, and military

history. Gregory Fremont-Barnes, Richard Alan Ryerson, editors. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2006.

Gardiner: Gardiner, Robert, ed.  Navies and the American Revolution, 1775–1783. London: Chatham, 1996.

Gregory, Richard Alan Ryerson, eds.  The Encyclopedia of the American Revolutionary War: A Political,

Social, and Military History. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2006.

Gibbes: Gibbes, Robert Wilson.  Documentary History of the American Revolution. New York: D. Appleton  & Co., 1855 (3 vols: 1764–1776, 1776–1782, 1781–1782). reprinted New York Times & Arno Press, 1971.

Griffiths: Griffiths, John William.  To Receive  them Properly : Charlestown prepares for war, 1775-1776.

Thesis (M.A.) University of South Carolina, 1992.

Hattendorf: Hattendorf, John B. Newport, the French Navy, and American Independence. Newport: The

Redwood Press, 2005.

HCA: Great Britain. High Court of Admiralty.

Hermione: Log of the Hermione. Captain Louis René Madeleine Le Vassor de Latouche-Tréville. Archives  Nationales de la Marine, Paris. B4 158. Published as Journal de la frégate du Roi l'Hermione de 32 canons  (extraits) Commandée par M. de La Touche, Lieutenant de Vaisseau. La campagne, commencée le 23 janvier 1780, finie le 26 fevrier 1782. in Tott, François de; Latouche-Tréville, Louis René Madeleine Le  Vassor; Bois, Jean-Pierre.  Deux voyages au temps de Louis XVI, 1777-1780 la mission du baron de Tott en  Égypte en 1777-1778 et le Journal de bord de l'Hermione en 1780. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de  Rennes, 2005

Howe’s prize list 1777: The following is a List of Vessels seized as Prizes, and of Recaptures made, by the  American Squadro n, between the 27th of May and 24th of October, 1777, according to the Returns received by Vice Admiral Lord Viscount Howe, in  The  London Chronicle., Tuesday, December 2, to Saturday,  December 6, 1777.

Johnson: Joseph Johnson. Traditions and Reminiscences of the American Revolution in the South.

Charleston, 1851, reprinted, Spartanburg, SC: 1972.

Kaminkow: Kaminkow, Marion and Jack,  Mariners of the American Revolution. Baltimore: Magna Carta

Book Company, 1967.

Kell: Kell, Jean Bruyere.  North Carolina’s Coastal Carteret County During the American Revolution, 1765–

1785, A Bicentennial Project of the Carteret County Bicentennial Commission . Era Press, 1975.

Laurens Papers:  Laurens, Henry; Hamer, Philip M.; Rogers, George C. and others.  The papers of  Henry  Laurens. Columbia: Published for the South Carolina Historical Society by the University of South Carolina  Press, 1968-2003.

Latouche: Monaque, Rémi.  Latouche-Tréville, 1745-1804: l'amiral qui défiait Nelson . Paris: SPM, 2000.

LC: Library of Congress.

List of Vessels seized, 1778: List of Vessels seized or destroyed by His Majesty’s Ships stationed in  Chesapeake Bay, and on the Parts of the American Coast Southward thereof, according to the Accounts transmitted to the Viscount Howe, since the Date of the General Return of Captures made by the  American Squadron of the 25th of October 1777." in the  London Gazette., Tuesday, June 2, to Saturday,  June 6, 1778.

MacKenzie: MacKenzie, Frederick.  Diary of Frederick MacKenzie, Giving a Daily Narrative of his Military  Services as an Officer of the Regiment of Royal Welsh Fusiliers during the years 1775-1781 in  Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York. Cambridge, Mass., 1930;(Eyewitness accounts of the  American Revolution). [New York]: New York Times, [1968, c1930].

Maclay: Maclay, Edgar Stanton.  History of American Privateers. New York: B. Franklin, [1968].

Mackesy: Mackesy, Piers.  The War for America, 1775–1783. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.

Marines: Smith, Charles R.  Marines in the Revolution. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1975.

Mass. Arch: Massachusetts Archives, Boston.

Mays: Mays, Terry M.  Historical Dictionary of the American Revolution. Scarecrow Press: Lanham, MD,

1999.

McCrady: McCrady, Edward.  History of South  Carolina in the Revolution, 1775-1780. New York: Paladin

Press, 1969 (reprint of 1901 ed.).

McManemin: McManemin, John A. Captains of the privateers during the revolutionary war. Spring Lake,

NJ (91 Maple Dr., Spring Lake 07762): Ho-Ho-Kus Pub. Co., 1985.

MHS: Massachusetts Historical Society.

Middlebrook:  Middlebrook,  Maritime Connecticut During the Revolution.

MM : Mariners Museum, Newport News, Virginia.

Montresor: Scull, G. D.  The Montresor Journals. ed. and annotated by G.D. Scull: [New York, Printed for the Society, 1882]; July 1, 1777, to July 1, 1778.

Mooney: Mooney, James L.  Dictionary of American naval fighting ships. Washington: Navy Dept., Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Naval History Division: For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S., 1959-1981.

Morningstars:  Smith, Gordon Burns.  Morningstars of Liberty: the Revolutionary War in Georgia, 1775–

1783. Milledgeville, Ga. Boyd Publishing, 2006.

Moultrie: Moultrie, William.  Memoirs of the American Revolution so far as it related to the States of North and South Carolina and Georgia.  New York, 1802; (Eyewitness accounts of the American Revolution). [New  York]: New York Times, [1968].

NBBAS: O’Kelley, Patrick.  Nothing but Blood and Slaughter. Booklocker.com, 2004.

NDAR: United States. Naval History Division.  Naval documents of the American Revolution. William Bell  Clark, editor; with a foreword by President John F. Kennedy and an introd. by Ernest McNeill Eller.  Washington: Naval History Division, Dept. of the Navy: For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1964-.

NJ Archives:  Documents Relating  to the Revolutionary History, State of New Jersey. Edited by William S.  Stryker. Trenton: The John L. Murphy Publishing Co., 1901. Also referred to as Archives of the State of New  Jersey.

Neeser: Neeser, Robert Wilden. Letters and papers relating to the  cruises of Gustavus Conyngham: a captain of the Continental Navy, 1777-1779. Port Washington, N.Y. Kennikat Press, [1970].

NRAR: Lincoln, Charles Henry (ed.).  Naval Records of the American Revolution, 1775-1788. Washington:

GPO, 1906.

N. S. Arch .: Nova Scotia Archives, Halifax.

Onderdonk: Onderdonk, Henry.  Documents and Letters Intended to Illustrate the Revolutionary Incidents of Queens County: with Connecting Narratives, Explanatory Notes, and Additions. New York: Leavitt, Trow,

1846;  Hempstead, L.I.,  L. Van de Water, 1884.

Parker: Parker, John C.  Parker’s Guide to the Revolutionary War in South Carolina: battles, skirmishes and murders. Patrick, S.C.: Hem Branch Publishing, 2009.

Paullin : Paullin, Charles Oscar,  The Navy of the American Revolution, Cleveland: The Burrows Brothers

Company, 1906.

Peckham: Peckham, Howard Henry.  The Toll of Independence: engagements & battle casualties of the

American Revolution . edited by Howard H. Peckham. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.

Prince:  The Autobiography of Yankee Mariner: Christopher Prince and the American Revolution. Edited by

Michael J Crawford. Washington, D.C.: Brasey's, 2002.

R.  I.  Arch.: Rhode Island Archives, Providence.

RIHS: Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence.

Ripley: Ripley, Warren.  Battleground: South Carolina in the Revolution. Charleston, SC: Evening Post, 1983.

Searcy: Searcy, Martha Condray.  The Georgia-Florida contest in the American Revolution, 1776-1778.

University, Ala. University of Alabama Press, c1985.

Selesky: Selesky Harold E., editor in chief.  Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, 2nd ed.   Detroit:

Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2007.

Simms: Simms, William Gilmore.  The Life of Francis Marion. New York:  H.G. Langley, 1844.

Smith: Smith, Samuel Stelle.  Fight for the  Delaware, 1777. Monmouth Beach, NJ: Philip Freneau Press,

1970.

TJP: Julian p. Boyd, ed.  The Papers of Thomas Jefferson . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952.

UVL: University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville.

Ward: Ward, Christopher.  The  War of the Revolution. New York: Macmillan, 1952.

Newspapers.

AG:  The American Gazette or the Constitutional Journal.

AJ:  The American Journal and General Advertiser.

BEP:  The Boston Evening-Post and the General Advertiser.

BG:  The Boston-Gazette, and Country Journal.

BN:  Boston News-Letter, Published as  The Massachusetts Gazette: And the Boston Weekly News-Letter.

BP: Boston Post.

CC:  The Connecticut Courant, and Hartford Weekly Intelligencer.

CG:  Connecticut Gazette.

CG&UI:  The Connecticut  Gazette; And The Universal Intelligencer.

CJ:  The Connecticut Journal, and the New-Haven Post-Boy.

CJWA:  Continental Journal, Published as  The Continental Journal, and Weekly Advertiser.

CSCHS:  Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society.

EJ:  The Essex Journal and New-Hampshire Packet.

ExJ :  Exeter Journal, published as  The Exeter Journal, or, New Hampshire Gazette.

FJ :  Freeman's Journal, Published as  The Freeman's Journal, or New-Hampshire Gazette.

GG :  Georgia Gazette.

GSSC:  Gazette of the  State of South-Carolina.

IC:  The Independent Chronicle.

IC&UA:  The Independent Chronicle and the Universal Advertiser. Also  The  New-England Chronicle, published as  The Independent Chronicle and the Universal Advertiser.

IG :  The Independent Gazetteer.

IJ:  Independent Journal.

IL:  The Independent Ledger and the American Advertiser.

LCh:  London Chronicle.

LG:  The London Gazette.

MAG : The Massachusetts Gazette or the Springfield and Northampton Weekly Advertiser.

MAH :  The Magazine of American History.

MG :  Dunlap's Maryland Gazette.

MGGA:  The Massachusetts Gazette or the General Advertiser.

MJ:  Maryland Journal or the Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser.

MS:  Thomas's Massachusetts Spy or, American Oracle of Liberty. Later, published as  Haswell's

Massachusetts Spy or American Oracle of Liberty.

NCG:  North-Carolina Gazette.

NEC:  The New England Chronicle: or the Essex Gazette.

NG:  The Newport Gazette.

NHG:  The New-Hampshire Gazette, and Historical Chronicle.

NJG :  The New-Jersey Gazette.

NJJ:  New Jersey Journal.

NM:  The Newport Mercury.

NME:  The Newport Mercury Extraordinary.

NP:  The Norwich Packet and the Connecticut, Massachusetts, New-Hampshire, and Rhode-Island Weekly

Advertiser.

NYG:  The New York Gazette, And The Weekly Mercury, (Gaine's  New  York  Gazette).

NYGNA: The New-York Gazetteer or Northern Intelligencer.

NYJ :  The New-York Journal; or, The General Advertiser.

PA:  Public Advertiser (London).

PAG:  The Pennsylvania Gazette.

PEP:  The Pennsylvania Evening Post.

PG:  The  Providence Gazette; and Country Journal.

PJ:  Pennsylvania Journal.

PL:  The Pennsylvania Ledger: Or The Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, & New-Jersey Weekly Advertiser.

Also  published as  The Pennsylvania Ledger: or the Philadelphia Market-Day Advertiser.

PM:  Story & Humphreys's Pennsylvania Mercury, and Universal Advertiser.

PP:  Dunlap's Pennsylvania Packet or, the General Advertiser.

Prensa:  Maryland Journal, published as  La Prensa.

RG:  The Royal Gazette.

RNYG:  Rivington's New-York Gazetteer; Or,  The Connecticut, Hudson's River, New-Jersey, and Quebec

Weekly Advertiser.

RNYLG:  Rivington's New-York Loyal Gazette.

RAG:  The Royal American Gazette.

RGG:  The Royal Georgia Gazette.

RPAG:  The Royal  Pennsylvania Gazette.

RRG :  Rivington's Royal Gazette.

SCAGG:  The South-Carolina and American General Gazette.

SCG :  South-Carolina Gazette and General Advertiser.

SCWA:  South-Carolina Weekly Advertiser.

SCWG:  The South-Carolina Weekly Gazette.

SG:  The Salem Gazette.

TCG:  The Constitutional Gazette.

VG:  The Virginia Gazette.

WG:  Worcester Gazette.

WI:  The Weekly Intelligencer.

1779

1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 0,  36.89719  -69.52148

The  Maryland  privateer sloop  Ariadne  is captured.

The British captured Commander Joseph Vesey’s Maryland  privateer sloop  Ariadne in 1779. The 60 -ton  Ariadne  was commissioned on October 8 ,  1778,  out of Annapolis,  Maryland. She had a battery of 9 guns,  with 6 swivel guns,  and a  crew of 47 men. The  Ariadne,  owned by Vesey, North & Trescott of South  Carolina,  appears in the High Court of Admiralty records as the  Ariadne,  described as an American merchant vessel deserted by most of her crew. 1

1779

Tybee,  Georgia,  Conf.: 2 ,  32.01273  -80.91567

The ship  Myrtle runs ashore.

The prize ship  Myrtle,  employed to water the French fleet,  was driven out to sea  without anchors on her cables. She was obliged to run  ashore on the White  Oyster Bank in Tybee, Georgia where part of her crew got away. The rest were  captured by the galley  Comet.2

1779

West Indies, Conf.: 2,  20.62364  -69.72031

Captain Clark's Connecticut sloop is captured.

Captain Clark's small sloop from  Stamford,  Connecticut was captured off Porto  Plata  (Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic)  in 1779. Captain Clark arrived in New  London before January 26,  1780 on the  Captain Starr.3

1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 2,  40.53050  -24.38965

The privateer  Sophia  captures the Spanish ship  Esperinandeau.

The privateer  Sophia,  the property of three daughters of a nobleman,  captured  the very rich Spanish ship  Esperinandeau  in 1779 and sent her to Lisbon,  Portugal.4

1779

Coast of Africa,  Conf.: 0,  12.70465  - 18.50098

Two French ships destroy British forts and factories.

Two ships of the line,  one of 64 guns,  the other of 74 guns,  were sent from France  to the coast of Africa in early 1779 to destroy all the forts and factories belonging  to the British. They performed their task but kept possession of only one fort in  which they left a garrison of 300 men. They took 1800 Africans and a  considerable quantity of ivory and gold dust which they brought to Goree,  Senegal. The two ships then joined count d'Estaing's fleet at Martinique ,  French  West Indies 5.

1779

Atlantic Ocean,  Conf.: 0,  38.18639  -67.06055

The  Massachusetts  privateer brigantine  Adventure  is captured.

The British captured the 95-ton Massachusetts  privateer brigantine  Adventure in 1779. The  Adventure,  owned by  Nathanael Greene and others,  was  commissioned under Commander Joseph Tripp of Boston,  Massachusetts on  January 15,  1779 and listed as having a battery of eight guns and a crew of 30  men. She is listed in the High Court of Admiralty records as an American  tobacco vessel

,  commanded by Joseph L. Tripp. 6

Early 1779

European waters,  Conf.: 2,  45.53025  - 11.47381

A French privateer captures a British frigate.

A 26-gun French privateer captured a 32 -gun British frigate and brought her to

Coruña,  Spain after  a  bloody engagement in which the French Captain,  Mr.  Despeaux de Montazeau,  was killed in the first broadside.  The lieutenant took command and captured the frigate.7

November 1778 to January 1779

Atlantic Ocean,  Conf.: 0,  37.99710 -46.52824

The privateer  Pilgrim captures six prizes.

The Salem,  Massachusetts privateer  Pilgrim arrived home from a 12-week cruise at the end of January 1779. She captured six prizes. One of them had a quantity of gold and other valuable articles.8

January 1779

Massachusetts  coast,  Conf.: 1,  40.71486  -69.11614

The privateer brig  Tryon captures the schooner  Hawke.

Captain Sibbles’s privateer brig  Tryon captured W. Merchant’s schooner  Hawkebound from Newbury,  Massachusetts to South Carolina with lumber  and  sent her to New York where  she arrived on Friday,  January 29,  1779.9

January 1779

Pennsylvania coast,  Conf.: 2,  36.10334  -73.86223

The HM Frigate  Juno captures the armed privateer ship  Cumberland.

The 38-gun HM  Frigate  Juno captured Captain John  Manley’s armed privateer

ship  Cumberland shortly after she left the port of Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania  in  January 1779. The  Cumberland fell in with the  Juno at night and engaged her  before Captain Manley realized his mistake. The  Cumberland was taken to  Barbados. 10

January 1779

Off the Virginia Capes,  Conf.: 2,  36.95084  -74.82903

Christopher Prince’s sloop is captured and burned.

Christopher Prince sailed as master of a 60-ton  Whig  sloop belonging to Guy  Richards in January 1779. It was  captured and burned off the Virginia Capes.  Prince was released by his captors and returned to New London,  Connecticut on February 25

,  1779. 11

January 1779

Georgia,  Conf.: 2,  32.31096  -80.50708

Some British vessels burn every house on their way and  capture a number of slaves.

Some British vessels came through Skull Creek from Savannah,  Georgia into the  Broad River in January 1779. They burned every house on their way and captured a number of slaves. 12

January 1779

St. Augustine,  Conf.: 1,  29.87979  -78.08098

A vessel with 400 barrels of rice is captured.

A vessel with 400 barrels of  rice was captured and taken  to St. Augustine,  Florida

before January 30 ,  1779. 13

January 1779

Jamaica,  Conf.: 2,  17.93334  -76.83458

The letter of marque  Lord Sandwich captures a brig.

The letter of marque schooner  Punch captures a ship.

The  Crown  letter of marque  Lord Sandwich captured a brig valued at £15 ,000 and the letter of marque schooner  Punch captured a ship. Both vessels were  sent to Port Royal,  Jamaica,  British West Indies  before January 30,  1779. 14

Early January 1779

Atlantic Ocean,  Conf.: 2,  41.76324  -64.58089

The  General Sullivan captures the ship  Mary.

The  General Sullivan,  of Portsmouth,  New Hampshire ,  captured the prize ship

Mary of eight carriage guns. She was bound from Québec to New York with 800 barrels of flour,  60 tierces of flour,  200 bags of bread,  300 bushels of oats and  1000 bushels of wheat and was taken to Portsmouth on Thursday,  January 7,  1779. 15

Early January 1779

Atlantic Ocean,  Conf.: 0,  38.52251  -41.77327

The HMS  Daphne captures a brigantine.

The HMS  Daphne captured a brigantine with 200 puncheons of rum in early  January 1779. She had 14 carriage guns but the crew threw eight of them overboard during the chase. 16

First week in January 1779

Bennett’s Point, South Carolina,  Conf.: 1,  32.55671  -80.44820

A privateer captures two coasting schooners and a number of slaves.

A small privateer from St. Augustine,  Florida captured two coasting schooners the first week in January 1779. She also captured a number of slaves belonging to Dr. Kennedy at Bennett’s Point,  South Carolina. 17

Before January 1,  1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 1 ,  48.37720  -21.75870

The  St. Esprit captures the armed ship  Fanny.

The  St. Esprit captured the  Crown  armed ship  Fanny before January 1, 1779.  She was  bound from New York to England with sick and wounded soldiers and some officers,  including two colonels. 18

Before January 1,  1779

Off Brest,  France,  Conf.: 2,  48.75525  - 13.29923

The French capture a British privateer and a merchant ship.

The French captured a large British privateer and a merchant ship off Brest,

France before January 1 ,  1779. They anchored there in a heavy gale. 19

Before  January 1,  1779

Atlantic Ocean,  Conf.: 1 ,  48.29061  -17.77913

The  Belle Poule  captures no less than 20 vessels.

The  Belle Poule  captured no less than 20 vessels which were sent to Brest,  Francebefore January 1 ,  1779. 20

Before January 1,  1779

Tyrrhenian  Sea,  Conf.: 2,  41.53219 5.59726

A French frigate captures a vessel with dispatches.

One of M. de Fabry's frigates captured a vessel carrying dispatches to Port  Mahon,  Spain before January 1 ,  1779. The vessel was sent to port and  the dispatches sent to  Versailles,  France .21

January 1,  1779

Mauritius,  Conf.: 2 -20.40505 57.93667

Two British letters of marque capture a French packet.

Two small letters of marque belonging to Lancaster,  England captured a French packet from the island of Mauritius,  in the  East Indies,  and took her to Cork,  Ireland about Friday,  January 1 ,  1779. The  captain of the packet  knew nothing of any hostilities having  commenced between Great Britain and France ,  making him an easy conquest. 22

January 3,  1779

Off Egg Harbor,  New Jersey,  Conf.: 2,  39.42261  -74.06605

Some of the prisoners aboard the Massachusetts sloop  Franklin  retake her. Captain McCallister’s New York letter of marque brig Sir William Erskinecaptured  Captain Clark’s Nantucket,  Massachusetts sloop  Franklin.  She was homeward-bound from  Surinam,  Netherlands West Indies  to Nantucket,

Massachusetts  with a cargo of molasses . Captain  McCallister put a prize master and four men on board the  Franklin and ordered them to New York. Some of the

sailors secured the prize master below deck and headed for Egg Harbor,  New  Jersey where they arrived about Sunday,  January 3 ,  1779.

See also Ca. end of December 1778. The New York letter of marque brig  Sir  William Erskine captures the Massachusetts sloop  Franklin.23

January 4,  1779

Atlantic Ocean,  Conf.: 0,  43.34435  -34.29555

30 transports are captured.

Thirty British transports were captured on January 4 ,  1779 .24

Before January 5,  1779Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 0

,  31.03786  -39.39320

The HMS  Enterprize  captures a French ship.

The HMS  Enterprize  captured a 160-ton French ship from Saint Domingue  [Haiti]

and brought her to Gibraltar by January 5 ,  1779.25

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Before January 5,  1779

English Channel,  Conf.: 2 ,  50.24575  -0.41807

The British privateer  Fame  captures two French privateers.

The Folkstone,  England privateer  Fame  captured two French privateers and sent them  to Falmouth,  England  before January 5,  1779.26

Before January 5,  1779

Irish Sea,  Conf.: 3,  53.43862  -4.02779

The British  Ironside captures the French East Indiaman Iris.

The  Ironside,  of Liverpool,  England,  captured the  Iris,  a  homeward-bound  French  East Indiaman, before January 5,  1779. She was lost off Beaumaris, Englandbut her cargo and crew were  saved. 27

Before January 5,  1779

Irish Sea,  Conf.: 3,  53.49096  -3.27478

The British privateer  Night  captures the French East Indiaman  Duke de  Arne.

The Liverpool,  England privateer  Night captured the East Indiaman  Duke de Arnebefore January 5,  1779. The  prize was lost off Point Air, between the rivers Dee and Mersey,  England . Her cargo was saved. 28

Before January 5,  1779

Atlantic Ocean,  Conf.: 1 ,  44.24751  -28.14207

The British privateer  Bellona  captures a Massachusetts ship.

The London,  England privateer  Bellona  captured a rich ship from Boston,

Massachusetts before January 5 ,  1779 and brought her to Gibraltar.29

First week in January 1779

South Carolina coast,  Conf.: 2,  32.52082  -79.92910

A small privateer captures John Rose.

Before  January 6, 1779

South Carolina coast, Conf.: 2, 32.51916  -80.04964

A small privateer captures a French polacre.

Before January 6,  1779

St. Helena  Sound,  South Carolina,  Conf.: 2,  32.45430  -80.43141

A small privateer captures a sloop.

A small privateer  from St. Augustine,  Florida,  commanded by John Macklin, alias McLean,  captured John Rose as he was coming from his plantation to the south of Charleston,  South Carolina the first week in January 1779. The same privateer captured a sloop going inland with flour and other provisions for the

army on Wednesday,  January 6,  1779 as she was crossing St. Helena  Sound.  She had previously captured a French polacre en route from Beaufort,  South  Carolina to Charleston. 30

Before January 6,  1779

North Carolina coast,  Conf.: 1 ,  35.05424  -74.18878

The New York privateer schooner  St. Patrick takes a schooner and a sloop.

January 6,  1779

Maryland Capes,  Conf.: 2,  38.66360  -76.41626

The New York privateer schooner  St. Patrick attacks the armed sloop

Ariadne.

Captain Joseph Vesey’s armed sloop  Ariadne  arrived in Baltimore from  St.  Eustatius,  Netherlands West Indies  on Wednesday,  January 6 ,  1779.  Captain Gibbs’s New York privateer schooner  St. Patrick,  mounting four carriage guns and 10 swivels, attacked the  Ariadne  as she came into the Maryland Capes. She

had already taken  Captain Williams’s Baltimore-bound schooner and  Captain Ellison’s or Alison’s sloop bound to Alexandria,  Virginia, both from St. Eustatius.

Captain Gibbs found the  Ariadne  better prepared for  defense than he expected.  He tried to escape and,  as the  Ariadne was under Dutch colors ,  he could not follow to take her. The commander of a Whig armed vessel was a passenger on

board the  Ariadne  and had his commission with him. With the approval of a

number of  Whig passengers ,  the pilot and crew,  he confined  Captain Vesey,  assumed command of the  Ariadne  and captured the privateer which he brought

to Baltimore. 31

Before January 6,  1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 1 ,  27.49312  -56.22888

The Whig privateer  Tartar captures the ship  Lively.

Captain Harrison’s Whig privateer  Tartar captured Captain James Johnson’s  18-gun and 60-man ship  Lively before January 6 ,  1779. The  Lively was bound from London,  England to Jamaica,  British West Indies with a valuable cargo. 32

January 6,  1779

Sandy Hook,  Conf.: 2,  40.43186  -73.94708

Several boats take four sloops.

Several boats went from New Jersey to Sandy Hook during the night,  about  Wednesday,  January 6,  1779. They boarded and took four sloops,  one of which was armed. Three  of them ran ashore by the unskillfuness of the pilots and were burned. The other returned to New Jersey safely with 19 prisoners.33

Before January 7,  1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 1 ,  22.40539  -55.60815

British privateers capture the  Loifer and the  Belle de  Paris.

Liverpool,  England privateers captured the  Loifer  bound from Bordeaux,  Franceto Martinique,  French West Indies and the  Belle de Paris  before January 7,  1779.34

Before January 7,  1779

Azores,  Conf.: 2,  39.33444  -29.58637

The British privateer  Bellona  captures a French frigate.

The Liverpool,  England privateer  Bellona  captured a French frigate of 20 guns and 260 men and brought her to Faial,  Azores before January 7,  1779.35

January 7,  1779

Off the  Delaware Capes,  Conf.: 2,  37.13200  -75.34717

The HMS  Daphne’s tender captures a brigantine.

The HMS  Daphne’s tender captured a brigantine off the  Delaware Capes and brought her to Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania on Thursday,  January 7 ,  1779. She was bound to Philadelphia with molasses.36

Between December 25,  1778 and January 8,  1779

Mediterranean Sea,  Conf.: 2,  38.03077 1.62121

The French men-of-war  Cato and  Destin capture two British prizes loaded with cod and the  Westmoreland.

The French men-of-war  Cato,  64 guns and 600 men,  and  Destin,  74 guns and  700  men,  sailed from Toulon,  France on December 25,  1778 and arrived at  Malaga,  Spain by January 8,  1779. They captured three British prizes: two loaded with cod and the  Westmoreland  from Lisbon,  Portugal valued at 100 ,000 livres .37

Before January 9,  1779

New Hampshire coast,  Conf.: 0,  42.98153  -70.53630

The  Monmouth takes a brig loaded with provisions.

January 9,  1779

Odiorne’s Point,  New Hampshire,  Conf.: 2,  43.05105  -70.71727

A brig laden with provisions runs aground.

A brig laden with provisions heading to Portsmouth harbor,  New Hampshire went aground on Odiorne’s Point and bilged Saturday night,  January 9,  1779. Several people  went down to the wreck on Monday morning and found she was a prize taken by the  Monmouth. The entire crew of 13 men was found dead on the beach. 38

Before  January 9,  1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 2,  14.05132  -34.78748

The British privateer  Jackall captures a large brig.

Commander Bernard McDavitt’s Bristol,  England privateer  Jackall captured a large brig bound from Virginia to the coast of Guinea loaded entirely with tobacco. The prize was brought to Montego Bay, Jamaica, British West Indiesbefore January 9,  1779. 39

January 9,  1779

Charleston bar,  Conf.: 3,  31.28088  -78.18210

The French-built  Jason chases Captain Padock’s ship.

A ship,  probably  Captain Hugh Porterfield’s French-built  Jason,  fitted out at New  York as a privateer and mounting 22  6-pounders,  chased  Captain Padock’s ship with 75 men and  boys in latitude 31 .28 off  Charleston bar,  South Carolina on

Saturday,  January 9,  1779.40

Before January 10,  1779Celtic Sea

,  Conf.: 1,  49.38342  -9.91161

The Massachusetts privateer  Independent  is taken.

The Boston,  Massachusetts privateer  Independent  was brought  to Milford,

England before January 10,  1779 41.

Before January 10,  1779

Celtic Sea,  Conf.: 1,  47.73302  - 17.71191

The  Tartar captures the  Defiance.

The  Tartar captured Mr. Lemarsh's  Defiance  from South Carolina and brought her to Liverpool,  England before January 10 ,  1779 .42

Before January 10,  1779

Off the Bay of Biscay,  Conf.: 1 ,  45.73032  - 13.88866

The privateer  Smiling Sally captures the French ship  Sanctimony.

The Waterford,  Ireland privateer  Smiling Sally captured the French ship  Sanctimony  bound from Martinique,  French West Indies to Bordeaux,  Francebefore January 10 ,  1779. She was valued at £20,000.43

Before January 10,  1779

French coast,  Conf.: 1 ,  48.63397  -8.81298

A French frigate takes the privateer ship  Marchioness of Granby.

A frigate carried the 18-gun privateer ship  Marchioness of Granby to Brest,

France before January 10,  1779.44

Before January 10,  1779Off Finisterre

,  Conf.: 2 ,  42.88655  -9.35979

The British privateer  Bellona captures the  Bon Vivant and a large ship.

Captain Fairweather's Liverpool,  England privateer  Bellona,  of 24 guns and 180 men,  captured two prizes off Finisterre,  Spain before January 10,  1779. They were the  Bon Vivant bound from France to Martinique,  French West Indies with provisions and bale goods and a large ship bound from Boston,  Massachusetts to France with tobacco,  lumber and masts valued at £10,000. 45

Before January 10,  1779

Coast of Portugal,  Conf.: 2,  40.59015  -18.08544

The Whig privateer  Vengeance  captures four ships.

The Whig privateer  Vengeance  captured four ships outward-bound to Oporto,

Portugal and brought them  to France before January 10 ,  1779.46

Before January 12,  1779

Purysburg,  South Carolina,  Conf.: 2,  32.28200  -81.12726

The Crown forces make several attempts to capture Georgia galleys.

The Crown forces,  in several armed boats,  made several attempts on the Georgia

galleys stationed a few miles below  Purysburg,  South Carolina,  before January

12,  1779. Each time they were foiled with considerable loss. 47

January 12,  1779

Edisto River,  Conf.: 3,  32.50924  -80.36082

Whigs fire at a Crown privateer.

A Crown privateer intended to go into the Edisto River on Tuesday,  January 12,

1779. The militia fired on her when one of the guns burst,  killing James Murray,

one of the representatives to the general assembly,  and hurt some others.48

January 12,  1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.:  0,  47.46633  -21.38134

The Massachusetts privateer  Bennington captures a prize ship.

The  Bennington also captures a 12-gun privateer schooner and three or four other prizes.

The Newburyport,  Massachusetts privateer  Bennington captured a prize ship bound from Jamaica,  British West Indies to London,  England with between 300 and 400 hogsheads of sugar and a number of puncheons of rum and took her to  Cape Ann, Massachusetts  on Tuesday,  January 12,  1779. The  Bennington also captured a 12-gun privateer schooner and three or four other prizes. 49

Before January 14,  1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 1 ,  46.96484  -21.97948

The letters of marque  Betsey  and  Rockingham capture the  Epiminondus.

The  Crown  letters of marque  Betsey  and  Rockingham captured the  Epiminondus and brought her  to Cork,  Ireland before January 14,  1779. 50

Before January 14,  1779

English Channel,  Conf.: 2 ,  49.08721  -2.24189The cutter  Alarm  captures a French vessel.

The cutter  Alarm  captured a French vessel bound from Cherbourg to St.-Malo,

France before January 14,  1779.51

Before January 14,  1779

European waters,  Conf.: 1,  45.16155  - 15.47492

The Whig privateer  Vengeance  captures the  Elizabeth.

The Whig privateer  Vengeance  captured the  Elizabeth  bound from Newfoundland to Oporto,  Portugal and brought her  to Bilbao,  Spain before January 14,  1779.52

Before January 15,  1779

Atlantic Ocean,  Conf.: 0,  40.87493  -48.49982

The Massachusetts privateer brig  Franklin captures a brig.

Captain John Leach’s Salem,  Massachusetts  privateer brig  Franklin captured a brig laden with 160 hogsheads of rum and other West India produce before  Friday,  January 15,  1779.53

Before January 15,  1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 2,  39.66791  -69.62653

One of Captain Goodrich’s privateers captures the Pennsylvania sloop  Molly’s Adventure.

See January 15 ,  1779. The Rhode Island armed boat  Hornet  recaptures the  Pennsylvania sloop  Molly’s Adventure.

January 15,  1779

Point Judith,  Conf.: 3,  41.34262  -71.45713

The Rhode Island armed boat  Hornet  recaptures the Pennsylvania sloop

Molly’s Adventure.

Captain Charles Jenks and six men,  in the Rhode Island armed boat  Hornet, recaptured the 12-man Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania sloop  Molly’s Adventure,  of about 40 tons off Point Judith on Friday,  January 15,  1779. She had been captured by one of  Captain Goodrich’s privateers and sent to Newport,  Rhode  Island . She was brought to Warren,  Rhode Island with her cargo of rum,  sugar and coffee.54

Before mid-January 1779

Cape Porpoise,  Maine,  Conf.: 2 ,  43.21516  -69.92467

Whig cruisers take two prizes.

Whig cruisers sent two prizes laden with coffee and molasses to Cape Porpoise,

Maine before mid-January 1779.55

Before January 16,  1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 1 ,  44.38863  -23.15588

The London privateer  Hawke  captures a valuable ship.

The London privateer  Hawke  captured a valuable ship from Guadeloupe,  French

West Indies and sent her to Cork,  Ireland before January 16,  1779.56

Before January 16,  1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 1 ,  47.32577  -32.12073

The privateer  Freedom captures a vessel.

Mr. Williamson's privateer  Freedom captured an outward-bound vessel from  Martinique,  French West Indies and brought her  to Kinsale,  Ireland before  January 16,  1779. 57

Before January 16,  1779

Atlantic Ocean,  Conf.: 0,  43.21516  -69.92467

The privateer  Albion  captures eight prizes.

The 12-gun privateer  Albion  captured eight prizes before January 16,  1779 .58

Before January 16,  1779

English Channel,  Conf.: 2 ,  48.44557  -7.46741The British cutter  Customhouse  captures a French  privateer.

The Falmouth,  England cutter  Customhouse  captured a French privateer of 30 guns before January 16,  1779. 59

January 16,  1779

See Overseas. India and the East Indies.  Bombay. The Bombay force surrenders

at Wargaum.

January 17,  1779

Atlantic  Ocean,  Conf.: 0,  42.76503  -67.96401

The privateer  Monmouth takes a ship laden with rum and sugar.

Captain Nichols’s privateer  Monmouth arrived at Newburyport,  Massachusettswith a prize ship laden with rum and sugar during the week of January 17 ,  1779. 60

See also Before January 9,  1779. The  Monmouth takes a brig loaded with provisions.

January 17,  1779

See Overseas. Bahamas. Tobago. Fifty men attack Tobago.

Between November 27,  1778 and January 18,  1779

Atlantic Ocean,  Conf.: 0,  32.34501  -49.08950

The British fleet captures a brig of 100 tons, a brig of 180 tons, a polacre of 80 tons,  a Spanish ship, a French ship, a brig of 140 tons, a sloop of 70

tons,  a sloop of 40 tons, a schooner of 60 tons, a schooner of 80 tons, a  sloop of 60 tons, two sloops of 90 tons each.

Commodore Hyde Parker’s fleet captured the following vessels between  November 27,  1778 and January 18,  1779:

  A brig of 100 tons,

  A brig of 180 tons,

  A polacre of 80 tons,

  A  Spanish ship of 300 tons and 16 guns,

  A French ship of 300  tons and 20 guns,

  A brig of 140 tons,

  A sloop of 70 tons,

  A sloop of 40 tons,

  A schooner of 60 tons,

  A schooner of 80 tons,

  A sloop of 60 tons,

 Two sloops of 90 tons each which were burned

Some of these vessels were loaded with sugar,  coffee,  deerskins,  lumber,  flour,

indigo,  tobacco and salt.61

Before January 18,  1779

North Carolina coast,  Conf.: 1 ,  33.25749  -74.07604

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures Captain Bane’s  Crowfane.

North Carolina coast,  Conf.: 1 ,  35.47004  -74.07604

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures Captain Wolf’s  Prince

Frederick.

West Indies, Conf.: 1,  18.33839  -63.74260

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures the sloop  Jean.

North Carolina coast,  Conf.: 1 ,  33.14718  -74.49352

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures  the French snow  La Terrios.

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 1 ,  38.17816  -62.67223

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures  Mr. Mallet’s French brig  La

Amiable Confiance.

West Indies, Conf.: 1,  21.19161  -62.77580

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures  the sloop  Nancy

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 1 ,  39.86297  -70.68596

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures a schooner and her prize schooner from St. Croix.

Cadiz,  Conf.: 1,  36.63293  -7.03567

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures  a brigantine.

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 0,  39.32114  -43.83537

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures  a schooner in ballast.

Azores,  Conf.: 0,  34.58304  -28.76213

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures  a sloop.

West Indies, Conf.: 2,  25.60164  -56.25442

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures  Captain Powell’s sloop  Nancywhich he burns.

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 1 ,  30.28965  -74.44842

The privateer schooner  Experiment captures  the sloop  Jane.

Ocracoke bar,  Conf.: 0,  34.97576  -75.61640

The privateer schooner  Experiment chases a large French brigantine and a schooner ashore.

January 18,  1779

Off Barbados,  Conf.: 1 ,  13.11130  -57.79250

The privateer  Marlborough captures the sloop  Nancy.

South Carolina coast,  Conf.: 1,  21.57545  -63.90090

The privateer schooner  Experiment retakes the sloop  Nancy.

South Carolina coast,  Conf.: 1,  25.01815  -66.62615

The  Providence retakes the sloop  Nancy.

Captain Alexander McPherson’s privateer schooner  Experiment fell in with  the  Whig privateer sloop Nancy,  mounting 12 guns and full of men,  on Monday,  January 18,  1779. Most of the  Experiment’s crew were manning several prizes, leaving only 12 men to man the guns. Nevertheless, Captain McPherson was determined to engage the  Nancy. The two exchanged a few broadsides and the sloop broke off. The following morning  Captain McPherson shifted in an attempt to capture the  Nancy bound from Baltimore,  Maryland to St. Eustatius,  Netherlands West Indies with tobacco valued at £30,000. She was bound from

Glasgow,  Scotland to Jamaica,  British West Indies,  was captured by the privateer  Marlborough off Barbados,  retaken by the  Experiment and ordered to New York,

and later retaken by the sloop Providence and ordered to New London,  Connecticut or  Plymouth,  Massachusetts. Her cargo consisted of dry goods and  provisions invoiced at £30,000.

During the cruise the  Experiment captured  Captain Bane’s  Crowfane bound from  Turk’s island to Virginia with salt; Captain Wolf’s  Prince Frederick bound from  St. Croix,  Virgin Islands to Baltimore,  Maryland with salt and a few dry goods;

the sloop  Jean from St. Eustatius; the French snow  La Terrios bound from Cape  François [Cap Haitien,  Haiti] to Virginia with rum,  sugar,  molasses,  coffee and  cordials; Mr.  Mallet’s French brig  La Amiable Confiance bound from Cadiz,  Spain to Virginia with salt and dry goods; the sloop  Nancy bound from Baltimore to St.  Eustatius with tobacco; a schooner bound from Newbury,  Massachusetts to  Baltimore and her prize schooner from St. Croix; a brigantine from Cadiz, Spain and a schooner in ballast. The last two were in company with  Captain Forsyth’s  privateer sloop  General Matthew.  The Experiment  also captured a sloop loaded  with salt.  Captain McPherson removed what was valuable and burned her. He  also captured  Captain Powell’s sloop  Nancy from St. Eustatius which he burned; the sloop  Jane bound from St. Croix, Danish West Indies to Ocracoke, North  Carolina with rum,  sugar and salt. He also chased a large French brigantine and

a schooner ashore on Ocracoke bar.62

January 19,  1779

West Indies,  Conf.: 2,  24.63926  -62.93475

The Loyalist privateer  Lord North  captures the schooner  Buckskin.

January 19,  1779

Cape François [Cap Haitien,  Haiti],  Conf.: 0,  19.98598  -73.72332

The Loyalist privateer  Lord North  captures the letter of marque sloop

Richmond.

Mr. Goodrich’s  Loyalist  privateer  Lord North,  under the command of  Captain

McDonald,  captured the schooner  Buckskin,  mounting  four 3-pounders on

Tuesday,  January 19,  1779 and  sent her to Savannah,  Georgia. The  Buckskinwas bound from St. Eustatius,  Netherlands West Indies to Virginia with a cargo

of rum,  sugar,  molasses and coffee. He also captured the six-gun letter of marque

sloop  Richmond bound from Cape François  [Cap Haitien,  Haiti]  with West India

produce.63

January 20,  1779

Atlantic Ocean, Conf.: 1 ,  41.85253  -66.06008

The Massachusetts privateer brig  Franklin captures a sloop.

Captain John Leach’s Salem,  Massachusetts privateer brig  Franklin captured a sloop laden with dry goods bound from Halifax,  Nova Scotia to New York on  Wednesday,  January 20 ,  1779.64

January 20,  1779

Off Port Royal Bay,  Jamaica,  Conf.: 3,  17.33930  -76.47512

The sloop  Sally engages a large transport ship.

Captain Benjamin Stone’s sloop  Sally,  of eight carriage guns,  returned to  Charleston, South Carolina on Thursday,  January 21 ,  1779 after having five men killed and 12 wounded and her sails,  spars and rigging badly damaged in an engagement with a large transport ship off  Port Royal Bay,  Jamaica,  British  West Indies the preceding afternoon. Almost all the damage  had been done by musket balls. A number of soldiers concealed themselves until the  Sally was

within pistol range  before firing incessant volleys. The wind died just as the

engagement began  and the crew had to row the sloop away.65

January 20,  1779

West Indies, Conf.: 1,  20.94008  -72.34426

The privateer brig  Tryon captures the sloop  Batchelor.

Captain Sibble’s privateer brig  Tryon captured  Captain Mullet’s sloop  Batchelor, bound from Cape François  [Cap Haitien,  Haiti]