Hospital Grade Disinfectants: Its Efficacy and Applications Against Infectious Diseases

By Dr. Nelson Cheng PhD and Dr. Benjamin Valdez Salas

The number of new infectious diseases has dramatically risen in the last decades. The current coronavirus pandemic is in some ways unprecedented, but it also exposes an alarming pattern.
The World Health Organization reports infectious diseases kill more than 17million people a year and more 30 new diseases have appeared in the last two decades.
The complexity of tackling infectious diseases is also due to the world travel due to effluent of many developed countries. A health crisis on the other side of the globe is just a plane ride away. Currently, for many of these diseases, there is no treatment, cure, or vaccine.
Medical chronic conditions like diabetes complicate health issues, more people will have weaker immune responses to fight off these burgeoning health threats.
Hence the best form of defence against such infectious diseases is prevention, this book focuses on methods used to combat such diseases, as the old proverbial saying “Prevention is Better Than Cure”.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Partridge Publishing Singapore
• Release date: Nov 18, 2020
• ISBN: 9781543761740

Book preview

Copyright © 2021 Nelson Cheng PhD, Dr Benjamin Valdez Salas. All rights reserved.

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ISBN

ISBN: 978-1-5437-6173-3 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-5437-6175-7 (hc)

ISBN: 978-1-5437-6174-0 (e)

12/15/2020

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Meet the Editors

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Dr Benjamin Valdez Salas was the director of the Institute of Engineering (2006–2013), Universidad Autonoma de Baja California.

He has a BSc in chemical engineering and an MSc and PhD in chemistry, and he is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences and the National System of Researchers in Mexico. He was a guest editor of Corrosion Reviews, in which he produced two special issues on corrosion control in geothermal plants and the electronics industry. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California (UABC). His activities include corrosion research, consultancy, and control in industrial plants and environments. He has published more than 350 publications, with almost 1,000 citations. He has received an NACE Distinguished Service Award. He has been a member of NACE for twenty-six years. He is the current technical director of the Magna Group of Companies.

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Nelson Cheng, PhD (honoris causa), graduated as a marine engineer under the United Nations Development Programme Scholarship and received his doctor honoris causa from the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California (UABC).

He is recognised as Singapore’s leading inventor and the Singaporean with the highest number of patents from the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore. He owns several worldwide patents, including VCI Mineral Stone Paper. He has invented more than 500 chemicals, lubricants, and anti-corrosion products, with more than 230 products assigned with NATO Stock Numbers and marketed in more than thirty countries. He is the inventor of several technologies for corrosion protection, including Vappro VCI (vapour corrosion inhibitors) and Vappro CRI (concrete rebar inhibitors), molecular reaction surface technology (MRST), colloidal corrosion inhibitors (CCI), and heat-activated technology (HAT). He has written more than 120 research papers and technical journals, published by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), the International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering (IJETAE), the International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Technology (IJCTET), Cambridge University Press, Academia.edu, ResearchGate, and IntechOpen; and he has co-authored several anti-corrosion books.

Nelson has received and accorded several accolades, including 2015 winner of the Asian Packaging Award; Top 10 Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs 2015; winner of the Global Star, Asia Star, and Singapore Star Packaging Awards 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018; Top Entrepreneur Award—Singapore Small and Medium Business Association; Asian Excellence Award 2014; and Top 20 Innovation Award 2013 from the Small and Medium Business Association.

He is a member of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE), American Chemical Society (ACS), World Corrosion Organization (WCO), and European Federation of Corrosion (EFC).

Preface

Infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, H5N1 (influenza A), SARS, MERS, etc., can spread in a variety of ways: through the air, direct or indirect contact with another person, or contaminated inanimate surfaces. Hence, using high-efficacy hand sanitisers and disinfectants are essential to combat the spread of infectious diseases.

This book provides a range of hand sanitisers, disinfectants, and the applications used for disinfecting hands and all inanimate surfaces. The disinfectants mentioned herein have been tested using the following methods: JIS Z 2801:2010/A1:2012, JIS L 1902:2015, BS EN 1040:2005, BS EN 1275:2005 (chemical disinfectants and antiseptics), the modified Kelsey capacity test option for hospital-grade disinfectants, and the Institut Pertanian Bogor in-house test methods.

The high-efficacy disinfectants provide up to 99.999% inactivation efficacy against enveloped viruses, positive gram-stained bacteria, and negative gram-stained bacteria.

Special thanks to Dr Benjamin Valdez Salas, Dr Ernesto Alonso Valdez, Dr Ernesto Beltrán-Partida, Mr Patrick Moe, and Mr Frederick Cheng Yong Ter, for their contributions towards the completion of this book.

About the Co-Authors

Dr Benjamin Valdez Salas

Dr Benjamin Valdez Salas was the director of the Institute of Engineering (2005–2013), Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexico. He has a BSc in chemical engineering and an MSc and PhD in chemistry, and he is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences and the National System of Researchers in Mexico. He was a guest editor of Corrosion Reviews, in which he produced two special issues on corrosion control in geothermal plants and the electronics industry. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California (UABC). His activities include corrosion research, consultancy, and control in industrial plants and environments. He has published more than 350 publications, with almost 1,000 citations. He has received an NACE Distinguished Service Award. He has been a member of NACE for thirty years. He is the current technical adviser of the Magna Think Tank Group.

Dr Ernesto Alonso Valdez Salas

Dr Ernesto Alonso Valdez Salas is a passionate and renowned physician based in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. He has a medical degree and a master’s degree in surgery with a specialisation in gastroenterology at the Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara; he also received his Doctor of Science degree from the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California. His research activities include the generation of functionalised and non-functionalised natural compounds with mineral nanoparticles for medical purposes. He is the founder and director of Ixchel Medical Center and is the medical adviser of the Magna Think Tank Group.

Dr Ernesto Beltrán-Partida

Dr Beltrán-Partida obtained his bachelor’s degree in biological and pharmaceutical chemistry and his PhD in biomaterials science, both with honours, from the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California (UABC). He is a member of the Science and the National System of Researchers in Mexico, and he is a professor of biomaterials science, tissue engineering, microbiology, and molecular biology at the Institute of Engineering of the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California (UABC). He has authored different peer-reviewed articles and a book chapter. He is a member of the Magna Think Tank Group.

Patrick Moe

Patrick Moe is the senior technical manager of Magna International Pte Ltd. He has a BSc in industrial chemistry and a graduate diploma and MSc in environmental engineering. His key responsibilities at Magna International are as follows: assisting the CEO in research and development of new products, finding out customers’ needs and developing customised new products, helping in synthesising new compounds by making appropriate modifications of known methods, recommending and implementing methods to increase the quality of products and service, and management of hazardous raw materials.

Frederick Cheng

Frederick Cheng graduated with a BA (honours) in law from Cambridge University. He was a Leonard Collins scholar at Cambridge, and he was a Ministry of Education Singapore scholar for his International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme. He was also in the school Dean’s list and underwent the National Scholars Programme Mentorship Attachment at the National University of Singapore, organised by Gifted Education, Ministry of Education. He was the publicity secretary of the Cambridge University Law Society, the treasurer of the Sidney Sussex College Law Society, and an event officer of the Association of British and Chinese University Students (ABACUS) at the University of Cambridge. He is also the co-inventor and patent co-owner for WO2015012761A, the chemical composition of a low–mammalian toxicity insecticide.

Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1 Ascertaining the Sixty-Day Residual Inactivation Efficacy of Legionella-X Viral Shield Self-Disinfecting Coating Using the JIS Z 2801:2010/A1:2012 Test Method

Chapter 2 Ascertaining the Twenty-Four Hours Residual Inactivation Efficacy of the Chemical Composition of Legionella-X Viral-Off (Fortified with Silver Nanoparticles) against Bacteria and Enveloped Viruses after Impregnation of Surgical Masks Using the JIS L 1902:2015 Test Method

Chapter 3 Inactivation of Enveloped Viruses and Disinfection of the Air with Legionella-X 100 via Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI)

Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of a High-Efficacy Disinfectant against Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus and the Test Method Used to Ascertain Its Killing Efficacy

Chapter 5 Ascertaining the Frequency of Reapplication of Viral Shield Self-Disinfecting Coating on Inanimate Surfaces of Mass Rapid Transport, Buses, Taxis, Manufacturing Plants, Etc. Using ATP Luminometer

Chapter 6 The Exigent Need for Disinfecting and Protecting Mobile Phones against Bacteria and Viruses with Legionella-X Viral Shield Self-Disinfecting Coating

Chapter 7 Research Paper on Low–Mammalian Toxicity Insecticide and Disinfectant Using a Range of Synergistic Environmentally Friendly Chemicals

Chapter 8 Using the Modified Kelsey–Sykes Test Option to Ascertain the Efficacy of Legionella-X Viral Spray Insect Repellent against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus, and Proteus Vulgaris Bacteria

Chapter 9 Testing the Efficacy of Legionella-X Viral-Off against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus, and Proteus Vulgaris Bacteria Using the Modified Kelsey–Sykes Test Option

Chapter 10 Testing the Efficacy of Legionella-X-Viral Scrub Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus and Proteus Vulgaris Bacteria Using Modified Kelsey Sykes Test Option

Chapter 11 Ascertaining the Inactivation Efficacy of Legionella-X Viral Kleen-C Multipurpose Disinfectant Fortified with Colloidal Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Using BS EN 1040:2005

Introduction

The Legionella-X journals involve the usage of some scientific jargon, but every term is explained thoroughly. As long as you are willing to learn, you will find this guide helpful, even if you do not have a background in chemistry or biology.

The purposes of the compilation of the Legionella-X journals into one main journal are threefold.

First, it is to compile all the published journals for Legionella-X from different publication platforms in a single main journal for ease of reference.

Second, it facilitates the ease of tracing previous works about containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Third, it compiles all the tests and test standards used for Legionella-X carried out in one main journal for quick reference by readers.

Chapter 1

Ascertaining the Sixty-Day Residual Inactivation Efficacy of Legionella-X Viral Shield Self-Disinfecting Coating Using the JIS Z 2801:2010/A1:2012 Test Method

Nelson Cheng, PhD (honoris causa); Patrick Moe, BSc, MSc, Grad. Diploma

Magna International Pte Ltd

10H Enterprise Road, Singapore 629834

Dr Benjamin Valdez Salas, Dr Ernesto Beltrán-Partida

Universidad Autonoma de Baja California (UABC)

Dr Ernesto Alonso Valdez Salas

Ixchel Medical Center

Ixchel Centro Medico

Nicolas Bravo #270 Zona Centro, 2110, Mexicali, BC, Mexico

Abstract

The coronavirus is primarily a respiratory illness, and it typically spreads via airborne droplets from an infected person’s coughs or sneezes [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Viral particles can survive for a time on surfaces, but the coronavirus lifespan on surfaces depends on variables like temperature and humidity [8,9,10,11]. Early research has demonstrated that the virus’s survival depends on the type of surface it lands on. The coronavirus can survive anywhere between three hours and seven days, depending on the material [12,13,14,15,16,17]. A healthy person can then unknowingly touch those inanimate surfaces, and people’s hands can transport the viral particles to different surfaces, even the face, where it can enter your body through your eyes, mouth, or nose [18,19,20]. In view of the above, Magna and the Think Tank Group felt it was essential not only to disinfect all inanimate public surfaces but also to provide all inanimate surfaces with a coating shield against