Field of Swabbing
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About this ebook
Khosrow M. Hadipour
Graduate of Texas A&M University, Khosrow M. Hadipour has over forty-two years of offshore and onshore downhole experience in drilling, completion, production, fracturing, downhole fishing, sidetrack drilling, cementing, coiled tubing operation, oil and gas remedial workover repairs, artificial fluid lift, gravel packing, and plug and abandonment as well as consulting experience. He has worked for companies such as Gulf Oil Company, Chevron USA, Pennzoil Company, Devon Energy, and AmeriCo Energy in Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana, New Mexico, the Gulf of Mexico, and Venezuela.
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Field of Swabbing - Khosrow M. Hadipour
Field
of
Swabbing
Khosrow M. Hadipour
Copyright © 2018 by Khosrow M. Hadipour. 777499
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018905340
ISBN: Softcover 978-1-9845-2468-3
Hardcover 978-1-9845-2469-0
EBook 978-1-9845-2467-6
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
Rev. date: 06/26/2018
Xlibris
1-888-795-4274
www.Xlibris.com
AAA.jpgInsert%20%23%202.tifThe subject material contained herein is based on forty-one years of oil field experience working offshore and onshore in Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, the Gulf of Mexico, and Venezuela.
It is not the purpose of this book to be used as final procedure and/or definite guidelines. This book is prepared to act as a basic reference to swab tools, equipment, and their application based on my experience only.
Definition of Swabbing in Oil and Gas Operations
Swabbing is the artificial pulling of a well fluid by mechanical tools.
Swabbing is the artificial removal of water, oil, and gas from a well, using mechanical tools, which is quicker and cheaper (fluid can refer to oil, water, and/or gas).
Components of Mechanical Swabbing Tools
• Steel wire line cable referred as swab cable, the swab line, or sand line
• Hydraulic oil saver
• Swab lubricator
• Swab mandrels
• Rubber or steel swab cups of various sizes
Artificial swabbing begins when an oil or gas well cease to flow naturally. Once an oil or gas well stops flowing fluid, a swab process will begin to remove heavy fluid out of the wellbore and to prolong the natural flow as long as economically practical.
Artificial swabbing will reduce the hydrostatic head and help a well to flow.
Hydrostatic head is defined as the pressure exerted by a column of fluid.
Hydrostatic pressure = 0.052 × fluid density × fluid height.
Effective well swabbing begins when the reservoir pressure depletes down, preventing a well from flowing. When the reservoir pressure declines below the hydrostatic column of fluid in the wellbore, then the well will stop flowing.
Methods of Swabbing in Oil and Gas Operations
• Through tubing string swabbing requires a good tubing string, packer, and seating nipple.
• Through casing string swabbing requires fully open perforations and a good casing string.
Only through tubing swabbing are the swab tools made up or screwed at the end of ⁹/16 in. wire line cable (swab line) and lowered in the hole to a predetermined depth to artificially pull fluid out of oil and gas wells.
Artificial Fluid-Lifting Methods in Oil and Gas Wells
• Artificial lifting fluid by mechanical swab tools
• Artificial lifting fluid by beam pumping and sucker rods
• Artificial lifting fluid using gas-lifting tools
• Artificial lift using electric submersible pump
• Artificial lift by jet pump and hydraulic lifts
• Artificial lift using plunger lift
This book will examine the most common swabbing method, which is swabbing by using mechanical swab tools.
Tubing Swabbing
Through tubing swabbing is a method of artificially removing oil, gas, and water fluid from a predetermined swabbing depth out of a wellbore.
Tubing swabbing is used on different stages in oil and gas operations:
• Swabbing before perforating an oil or gas well, which is referred as underbalance perforating
• Swabbing after perforating with the intention of pulling water and making the well flow naturally (referred to as bringing the well in)
• Swabbing after an acid treatment (to pull acid and solids out of the wellbore before fracturing treatment or running an artificial pump in the well)
• Swabbing the water block in oil and gas wells to remove the hydrostatic head to make the well flowing again
Tubing Swabbing Preparation
• Check location, and remove all hazardous objects.
• Check and record well pressure. Don’t swab in any well with flowing pressure of more than 10 psi.
• Move in and rig up the swabbing unit
• Rig up a swab tank and flow line from the well to the rig tank. The swab tank must be located 150 ft. away from the wellhead, behind guy lines.
Swabbing High H2S Wells
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a