Leila’S & Kim’S Pre-College Vocabulary in Context & Properly Graded Grammar Workbook-2 Levels One – Six for Japanese-Chinese-South America-Korean-Arab & English Speaking-College Seekers: Pre-College Vocabulary in Context & Properly Graded Grammar Workbook-2 Levels One – Six for Japanese-Chinese-South American- Korean-Arab & English . Speaking-College Seekers

By Sam Christian

Title: "Leila's And Kim's Pre-college Vocabulary in Context and Graded Grammar
Exercises"

This Workbook {is a valuable tool put forward for the benefit of aspiring Leila and
ambitious Kim and their high school and pre-college peers who would use it to enrich their
repertoire of vocabulary and review their English Grammar to help them cope with their
post high school and college requirements and to satisfy their search and eagerness to using
the language smoothly and with confidence. In fact, in order to respond to Leila's strong
desire to learn and Kim's tremendous love of developing language proficiency, this
Workbook contains a large number of Vocabulary Exercises totaling more than 200 which
are intended to help enrich users by more than 3000 words of common use, most of which
are part of the International Word List and carly college textbook items, in addition to the
many other items used in the multiple-choice-question distractors. Similarly, there are
more than 200 Grammar Exercises of 20 items each. Both the Vocabulary and the
Grammar Exercises are supplied with answers at the end of each exercise to facilitate
reference instead of having tables appended at the end of the book, which are not usually
referred to by many users. A user of the Workbook, however, should only look at the
answers once he or she has finished the exercise to compare the answers. The context
sentences used in the Workbook are simple and are meant to please Kim and thrill Leila
rather than frustrate their efforts or waste their valuable time.
The review exercises have not been haphazardly written, but are the result of many
years of working with the likes of Leila and Kim here and abroad as well as personal
involvement in program development, text and test writing, research and note-taking in
order to decide the context in which an item should fit.
Finally, whether the user of this Workbook is a high school student, a pre-college or
university student, or a job seeker, it is certainly an excellent tool in hand and A Road to
College and Career Success' only if the exercises are given the time and the effort required!

• Language: English
• Publisher: Xlibris US
• Release date: Sep 30, 2013
• ISBN: 9781483697536

Sam Christian

Sam Christian - Scarborough- Ontario- Canada A Graduate of Linguistics and Education, with a major in Phonetics and Grammar, the Author has undertaken different jobs in many Middle Eastern countries- Kuwait, the U.A.E., Saudi Arabia- and in his home country, Canada, as a Teacher of English and a Consultant in the areas of Language Teaching, Curriculum Development, Translation and Simultaneous Interpretation, Distant Learning, Editing as well as Public Relations, which has provided him with a chance to be involved with people of different backgrounds and cultures, and has helped shape his life and character as well as given him the advantage of understanding people. Sam Christian is the same author of the combined Poetry books “Thank God I’m not a Republican & When Evil Struck the Twin Towers” released in February 2010, by Golden Sky Publishers of New York. He also adapted the Chapter of Yusuf in the Holy Quran into a film script, which was also published as a book by Golden Sky Publishers, 2010. In addition to these and the book in hand, Sam is also the author of English Remedial Grammar Workbook for International Students published by Shiel and Denver in 2012. Leila’s & Kim’s Vocabulary and Grammar Volume One (Shiel &Denver2013), and now comes this Leila’s and Kim’s Vocabulary in Context Volume 2, by Xlibris!

Book preview

Leila’s & Kim’s

Pre-College

Vocabulary

in Context

&

Properly Graded

Grammar Workbook-2

Levels One-Six

for

Japanese-Chinese-South America-Korean-

Arab & English Speaking-College Seekers

83902.png

Sam Christian

Copyright © 2013 by Sam Christian.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013916416

ISBN:      Hardcover      978-1-4836-9752-9

                 Softcover       978-1-4836-9751-2

                 Ebook            978-1-4836-9753-6

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

Rev. date: 09/27/2013

To order additional copies of this book, contact:

Xlibris LLC

1-888-795-4274

www.Xlibris.com

[e-mail]

141807

CONTENTS

•   Foreword

•   Introduction

PART ONE

•   The Vocabulary Enrichment Exercises

•   Section—A

•   Vocabulary In Context

•   Section—B

•   Word Formation Exercises

•   Section—C

•   Multiple Choice Vocabulary Exercises

•   More Enrichment Vocabulary Exercises To Follow!

•   Please, Proceed!

•   Section—D

•   More Enrichment Vocabulary Exercises Matching & Completion

•   Section—E

•   The 100 Most Common English Verbs In Context

•   Some Vocabulary Items Confused And Misused By Many Efl/Esl Users

PART TWO

•   Graduated Grammar Review & Reinforcement Exercises Beginner-Advanced Levels One-Six

•   Introduction

•   Section One Self-Assessment Entry Exercise

•   Section Two English Grammar Review & Reinforcement Exercises Level One

•   Regular Review Exercises And Answers For The Beginners’ Level—One

•   English Grammar Review & Reinforcement Exercises Level Two

•   English Grammar Review & Reinforcement Exercises Level Three

•   English Grammar Review & Reinforcement Exercises Level Four

•   English Grammar Review & Reinforcement Exercises Level Five

•   English Grammar Review & Reinforcement Exercises Level Six

•   Section Three

•   Self-Assessment Exit Exercise

Part Three

•   Miscellaneous Brief Explanatory & Enrichment Exercises

•   Chapter One Review Of All Twelve Tenses Of English

•   Chapter Two Auxiliary & Modal Auxiliary/ Helping Verbs In English

•   Chapter Three The Connectors

•   Chapter Four The Conditional Sentences

•   Chapter Five Prepositions

•   Chapter Six The Use Of Other

•   Chapter Seven The Passive Voice In English

•   Chapter Eight Direct / Quoted & Indirect / Reported Speech ‘Based On Our Understanding Of The Verb Tenses’

•   Chapter Nine The Clauses In English

•   Chapter Ten The Use Of The Subjunctive

•   Chapter Eleven The Gerund & The Infinitive In English

Part Four

•   Banking & Business Related English Enrichment Exercises

FOREWORD

P raised be the Lord of all , Who not only instilled in me the feeling and meaning of my creed of love , but also the power to retain and teach it, and has taught me there must never be in the human heart but love and care that would accommodate all and leave out none! May God bless all who walk the path of love, peace and goodness, and never forget their duty to foster these inherent qualities of the Lord.

This Workbook is dedicated to all who may use it to benefit and learn from it in the future, as well as to all the young boys and girls and adults I have taught in my long educational career around the world, who have certainly helped enrich my understanding of their culture and their difficulties of acquiring and functionally using the English Language.

My gratitude amply goes to my life companion and soul mate, my wife, who has stood by me in my good days and continued to be my indispensable support during my toughest times of sickness, as well as to my reliable and good friend, Mr. Shafiq Harbuk, for his invaluable help in reviewing and proofreading the final product for oversights.

Sam Christian

INTRODUCTION

T his Workbook is a valuable tool which I proudly put forward for the benefit of aspiring Leila and ambitious Kim and their high school and pre-college peers who would use it to enrich their repertoire of vocabulary and review their English Grammar to help them cope with their post high school and college requirements and to satisfy their search and eagerness to using the language smoothly and with confidence. In fact, in order to respond to Leila’s strong desire and Kim’s tremendous love of language proficiency, this Workbook contains a large number of Vocabulary Exercises totaling more than 200 which are intended to help enrich users by more than 3000 words of common use, most of which are part of the International Word List and early college textbook items, in addition to the many other items used in the multiple-choice-question distractors. Similarly, there are more than 200 Grammar Exercises of 20 items each. Both the Vocabulary and the Grammar Exercises are supplied with answers at the end of each exercise to facilitate reference instead of having tables appended at the end of the book, which are not usually referred to by many users. A user of the Workbook , however, should only look at the answers once he or she has finished the exercise to compare the answers. The context sentences used in the Workbook are simple and are meant to please Kim and thrill Leila rather than frustrate their efforts or waste their valuable time.

The review exercises have not been haphazardly written, but are the result of many years of working with the likes of Leila and Kim here and abroad as well as personal involvement in program development, text and test writing, research and note-taking in order to decide the context in which an item should fit.

Finally, whether the user of this Workbook is a high school student, a pre-college or university student, or a job seeker, it is certainly an excellent tool in hand and ‘A Road to College and Career Success’ only if the exercises are given the time and the effort required!

Good luck!

PART ONE

THE VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT EXERCISES

T his part contains different types of Vocabulary Exercises — Vocabulary in Context, Matching and Multiple Choice — of 20 (twenty) items each which incorporate items of common daily use by speakers of English, with answers provided at the end of each exercise. The Working vocabulary items included in the exercises are not organized in any order of importance — except in the alphabetical order of the appendix — but haphazardly and naturally, as they have occurred in the spoken corpus of the conversations recorded and analyzed — to make sure that the user gets the meaning that he or she may not know or needs to reinforce by relating the items of the sentence to each other and to one another to make sure he or she can get the usage right. They are not meant to test knowledge, but to help enrich and consolidate the user’s vocabulary repertoire. This is why a vocabulary item may appear more than once and may recur consecutively in an exercise or may resurface in other exercises in the workbook. This recurrence may not be welcomed by some users, but we should bear in mind that the intention is either to consolidate the vocabulary item intended or some items in the stem that I think important. I am sure, the more frequent the appearance of the vocabulary item, the better it is for the user.

SECTION—A

VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT

I n this section of the vocabulary exercises, a vocabulary item is used in context and a user is to guess the meaning of the underlined item from the context provided. The objective is to train Leila and Dave to use the clues available in the context in order to learn and establish the meaning of the vocabulary item from its surrounding. It is, therefore, meant to equip Leila and Dave with the means and enrich their language. As the user will notice, the exercises are of twenty items each and an answer key is provided at the end of each exercise of 20 items.

Exercise 1: Read each of the following short paragraphs carefully, searching for clues, context and word relationships that may help you in determining the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each of the paragraphs.

1.   That company has four salesmen who travel around the country taking orders for a chocolate brand. The company needs to sell US$ 300,000 worth of this brand per month, and each salesman’s quota is one-fourth of that. Last month, Nader worked very hard and sold more than his fourth. As a result, he was paid some extra money. quota means:

A. distance         B. result         C. payment         D. part, or share

2.   While Ahmed was in Houston, he decided to visit his old friend, Frank Hill. Ahmed didn’t have Frank’s phone number, and it wasn’t listed in the telephone directory. Fortunately, he remembered the name of the company that Frank worked for. Ahmed called the company’s personnel office. The office had records on all of the company’s employees, and the secretary gave Frank’s new phone number to Ahmed. personnel means:

A. friends         B. employees         C. telephones         D. records

3.   During the semester, school teachers have a heavy workload. They must prepare lessons, write quizzes, check students’ work, and write reports. Between semepsters, teachers still report to work, but they don’t have so many things to do. workload means:

A. work 6to do         B. hours of work         C. semesters         D. teachers employed

4.   For thousands of years, farms in my country have been productive. Because of the constant supply of fresh water, farmers there have been able to grow a lot of fruit and vegetables. productive means:

A. frequent   B. giving little   C. giving a lot   D. living a long time

5.   Mr. Foster will retire next summer. He is 59 years old and has been an employee of the company where he works for fourteen years. Although he enjoys his job, he looks forward to retirement. He wants to spend more time painting pictures, spending time with his grandchildren and traveling. retire means:

A. paint   B. do for fun   C. quit working   D. be employed longer

6.   Every year, thousands of careless young people in Arabia are injured in car accidents. As a result of the injuries, many of these people become disabled. In spite of the best medical treatment, they are unable to work and move around as they did before their accidents. disabled means:

A. involved in an accident         B. treated in a medical facility

C. able to work after an accident         D. unable to work because of injury

7.   Even though Fatima works very hard as a homemaker, she does not get paid a salary. She likes cooking, cleaning, and shopping for food and clothes for her family. She also enjoys taking care of her two small children and her sick mother. Fatima’s husband knows that she is doing a very important job for the family. homemaker relates to building of:

A. buildings   B. working hard   C. childcare   D. having a family

8.   Learning the new vocabulary for a job or a trade can be difficult. Each Job has its terms. However, sometimes breaking words and groups of words into smaller parts helps. For example, look at the terms undeliverable message & uncollectible account receivable. If you understand un-, -ible, -able, deliver, collect, account, and receive, you can figure out that the terms mean, message that cannot be sent and money which you should get but can’t." term means:

A. letters added at the beginning of a word         B. letters added at the end of a word

C. symbol or picture to help us understand         D. word used in a particular subject

9.   Some governments are trying to get people to stop smoking because smoking is not healthy. However, farmers do not want to stop growing tobacco, the plant from which cigarettes are made. Tobacco is important to them economically. They can earn more money by growing tobacco than by growing any other crop. economically means relating to:

A. planting and growing crops   B. earning, spending and saving money

C. allowing people to smoke   D. causing sickness

10.   Albert has three sons___________Mike, Neil, and Sandy. Mike is 17 years old, Neil is 15, and Sandy is seven. The teenagers work in the family business on weekends, but Sandy stays home to play with his friends. teenagers means:

A. students who also work   B. oldest sons in a family

C. employees of a family business   D. people between 13 and 19 years of age

11.   Elderly people in the United States are doing more and more exercise in order to stay healthy. According to one study, 12 percent of Americans over the age of 75 years exercise for more than 30 minutes per day. Doctors say that this amount of activity provides important health benefits that people need as they get older. elderly means:

A. exercising   B. old   C. healthy   D. benefit

12.   Thousands of years ago, people in the Middle East began to make coins. A coin was easy to recognize because of the image stamped on it. Today in Saudi Arabia, all coins have images of a palm tree and two crossed swords. image means:

A. metal used   B. a picture   C. palm tree   D. amount of money

13.   After Ali returned from his business assignment, he began to fill out his expense report. His hotel receipt was missing, so he called the hotel and asked them to make a copy of the receipt on their photocopier and mail it to him. photocopier means:

A. person who copies materials   B. employee who keeps business records

C. hotel employee who sends mail   D. machine that makes photographic copies

14.   Most airports around the world use an automatic scanner to inspect the contents of people’s luggage. This machine passes an electronic beam through the bag, making a picture of the bag’s contents on a television screen. scanner means:

A. television   B. screen   C. person   D. device to check things

15.   Before I travel out of the country, I always go to the bank to change money. The bank teller converts my Saudi riyals into dollar traveler’s checks. These can be used anywhere in the world and are much safer than cash. converts means:

A. changes         B. removes         C. keeps or stores         D. travels a long distance

16.   Did you see the movie that was on television last night? The ending was very good. The killer was being freed because there was no evidence to prove that he had shot his brother. Then, just in time, the police found the killer’s gun, covered with his fingerprints. evidence means:

A. ending that is unexpected or surprising         B. something to prove or disprove

C. something that is difficult or dangerous         D. space where something is kept

17.   Recently, my friend sold his old car and bought a new BMW. On the weekend, he called me and asked if I wanted to go for a drive with him. We drove to Toronto, and he demonstrated some of the advantages of the new car. It has many extras compared to the old model, and it has a top speed of 240 kilometers per hour. demonstrated means:

A. bought         B. showed         C. drove fast         D. improved something

18.   I visited my friend in Jeddah last week. He has a nice apartment, but the rooms are smaller than I expected. All his furniture has come from his parents’ house, and it’s bulky for such a small apartment. When I mentioned this, he agreed and said that he hoped to move into a bigger apartment where the furniture would look better. bulky means:

A. old         B. large         C. small         D. imported

19.   Almost all of the vehicles in the world today are powered by gasoline engines. It is clear, however, that this type of transportation can’t continue forever. For one thing, oil will run out one day, or at least become too expensive for ordinary people to buy for their cars. Also, gasoline engines cause major air pollution. Maybe one day all cars will run on electricity—or even water! One thing is clear: cars that use gasoline will definitely become obsolete. obsolete means:

A. small         B. cheap         C. electric         D. no longer in use

20.   Leila couldn’t start her car yesterday morning, so she took a taxi to work. In the evening, her friend, Sam, checked the car for her and found that the problem was in an electrical circuit. A wire connecting the ignition switch to the starter was broken. circuit means:

A. start a car         B. break a wire         C. replace a part         D. electric circle

Exercise 2: Read each of the following short paragraphs carefully, searching for clues, context and word relationships that may help you in determining the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each of the paragraphs.

1.   In most companies, a supervisor must evaluate the personnel who work under him. At Saudi Aramco, the supervisor reviews an employee’s work and decides how good it is. evaluate means:

A. direct         B. perform duty         C. supervise         D. determine the value

2.   William has financial problems. After he got married, he bought a new house and an expensive new car. Now he is having trouble paying for them. financial means:

A. family         B. money         C. housing         D. automobile

3.   After another employee was killed in a car accident, the superintendent held a meeting. He said, "Each individual must use the safety education provided by the company. If a person knows how to drive safely but doesn’t, he is teaching others to drive dangerously. If others die, he is partly responsible." individual means:

A. person         B. working man         C. department         D. supervisor/ manager

4.   For years, the young writer made up stories about people in other countries. However, no company would publish his books until he began writing about his own experiences. publish means:

A. think/ write         B. experiences         C. read/correct         D. print to public

5.   Last month, Faisal and seven of his cousins put some of their money into a new business. Each of the men invested US$ 200,000.   They hope that the business will be successful so that they can make a profit. invested means:

A. used money         B. borrowed         C. bought         D. failed in business

6.   Leila’s salary is US$ 7,000 per month, but she has some large expenses. For example, each month she pays her children’s school of a total of US$ 2,400, and she makes a car payment of US$ 500. She makes a monthly budget in order to plan how to spend the rest of her salary on things such as food, clothes, fuel, electricity, and telephone bills. budget means:

A. expense         B. payment         C. salary         D. a spending plan

7.   Because our company’s income is much higher than its expenses, it is very profitable. At the end of each month, we are able to keep more than half the money that our business earns. income means amount of money :

A. earned         B. spent         C. borrowed         D. spent

8.   The clerk keeps careful business records, writes down every expense, and saves all the documents from items the company purchases. However, he worries that the accounting department will find a mistake when they audit the accounts. audit means:

A. learn         B. spend money         C. make mistakes         D. check accounts

9.   Mona cleaned the file cabinets and put all of the records and documents in order. Now she can do her job with more efficiency. She won’t waste any time searching and looking for things that are in the wrong place. efficiency means:

A. clean work         B. good work         C. safe work         D. wasted work

10.   Britain, Canada and Most states in the United States charge a tax on the purchase of many products such as clothes, electronics, and cars. This can be as much as 7.25 percent, which is added to the price of the product. In most states, however, there is no additional charge for food or medicine. tax means:

A. food prices         B. a discount         C. extra charge         D. products provided

11.   On this map, small dirt roads are shown by broken red lines. The solid blue lines represent major highways. If you forget what each colored line means, check the table in the corner of the map. represent means:

A. draw a line         B. stand for         C. review         D. present carefully

12.   The auditor asked to see the company’s financial records. He wanted to be sure that the amounts on the financial records matched the numbers recorded. matched means:

A. paid for         B. careful with         C. caused by         D. the same as

13.   John and his family drove to Jeddah last week. There were too many suitcases to fit inside the car, so John put three of them on top of the car. He fastened them to the roof of the car with a rope. He tied a knot in the rope to make sure it couldn’t be loosened. knot means:

A. measurement of strength         B. unit of length, such as meter or foot

C. point where ropes are tied         D. complicated problem

14.   When taking official exams, students must be careful to erase any extra marks they make on their answer sheets. A sheet with any unnecessary marks is given a zero. marks means:

A. results         B. traces         C. names         D. finished work

15.   I’ve heard many Arabs using the word Qintar when they refer to some weight. For those who do not know what it is, it is a traditional Arabic measurement for weight. I understand now that One Qintar is equal to about 50 kilograms. measurement can be:

A. amount         B. love         C. hate         D. hunger

16.   William made a mistake on the math test. He wrote down 400 instead of 4,000. By leaving off the zero, he changed the place value of the 4 from thousands to tens. place value in mathematics means:

A. position of a digit in a number         B. business license

C. accounting department         D. workload quota

17.   FAQ is short for "Frequently Asked Questions." FAQs are written for a topic so that people can easily find answers to questions that have been asked many times before. frequently means:

A. often         B. important         C. seldom         D. answered

18.   In the United States, the number one trillion means 1,000,000,000,000. It has thirteen digits—a one and twelve zeros. In the U.K., one trillion has 19 digits—a one and eighteen zeros. digits means symbols of:

A. amounts         B. words         C. numbers         D. electronic numbers

19.   Each unit in the book begins with an introductory exercise. This lets the student know what the new unit is about. introductory means:

A. coming first         B. different         C. practice         D. giving vocabulary

20.   In many modern office buildings, the windows are double-glazed or sealed to prevent outside air from entering. This helps control the temperature inside the building. However, workers cannot open the windows to let in fresh air. sealed means:

A. partially open         B. tightly closed         C. controlled         D. modernized

Exercise 3: Read each of the following short paragraphs carefully, searching for clues, context and word relationships that may help you in determining the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each of the paragraphs.

1.   Last summer, we took a trip to Istanbul. We stayed in an apartment overlooking the sea. The apartment was equipped with a small kitchen, so we cooked dinner most evenings. In the mornings, we enjoyed shopping at the local market. equipped means:

A. overlooked         B. cooked         C. enjoyed         D. provided with

2.   All personal computers sold on the market have at least one microprocessor. It is an electronic device that has thousands of small circuits on a silicon chip. The personal computer would not be able to work without a microprocessor. It is considered to be the heart of the computer. device means:

A. drive         B. calculator         C. floppy disk         D. tool

3.   Since the 1970s, personal computers have become smaller and smaller. This has happened because thousands of miniature circuit boards can be placed on computer chips. miniature means:

A. useful         B. very small         C. very large         D. heavy

4.   All computer chips sold on the market are made of silicon. Silicon is the second most common chemical element on earth. Silicon can be found in sand and rocks. Silicon is the basic material used to manufacture computer chips because it is a very good semiconducting material. silicon means:

A. paint         B. plastic         C. metal         D. kind of chemical

5.   Huge and sensitive companies have security gates at entrances to some of their administration buildings. In order for employees to access those buildings in the morning, they must punch in their ID numbers into the electronic keypads that are installed at the entrances. access means:

A. find         B. locate         C. enter         D. describe

6.   Students from the Ministry of Petroleum were given temporary use of the library on main camp for 30 days so they could borrow books and magazines. In a few weeks, they will be given Saudi Aramco badge numbers. When they get them, they will be able to use the library at any time. temporary means:

A. long-term         B. permanent         C. short-term         D. lasting

7.   During the late 1970s and early 1980s, most computer users used 51/4-inch diskettes to back up their work and personal information. After 1987, the most common diskette used was the 31/2-inch diskette, which could store about 1.44 MB of data. Although diskettes cannot store as much data as hard disks can, they are cheaper and can be carried easily from place to place. diskettes means:

A. hard disk         B. portable bag         C. combination         D. storage devices

8.   Computer users can store their files on special rewritable disks such as CD-RWs or DVD-RWs. Users can write data on these disks over and over again without any problems. rewritable means:

A. can be printed from old files         B. can be written on only once

C. can be taken off the old files         D. can be written on several times

9.   Whenever a person wants to buy a new car, the car dealer usually allows him to choose one or two optional items such as a CD player or leather seats at no extra cost as a way to get him to buy. optional means:

A. occasional         B. additional         C. required         D. necessary

10.   After weeks of practice in the keyboarding class, Abdullah was able to learn the numeric keys. They are located below the punctuation marks or symbols in the row above the letters on the keyboard. numeric means:

A. letter         B. symbol         C. punctuation         D. relating to number

11.   Before buying a new computer, Ali did active Internet search to locate information comparing new models and their prices. locate means:

A. find         B. compare         C. describe         D. buy

12.   If a car has an automatic transmission, the driver doesn’t need to use his hand to change gears. However, in a car without an automatic transmission, the driver must change the gears manually. manually means:

A. by hand         B. automatically         C. without driving         D. mechanically

13.   Sandy finished typing his report and handed it to his supervisor. The supervisor began reading the report; then, he stopped. The report was full of typing errors. He told Sandy to proofread the report and type it again. errors means:

A. directions         B. instructions         C. mistakes         D. changes

14.   Many English words are not written the way they sound. Unless you study these difficult words, you are likely to misspell them. misspell means:

A. write wrongly         B. correct letters         C. add letters         D. remove letters

15.   Faisal was asked to write a passage for his company’s safety magazine. He typed three drafts before he was satisfied with the wording. Then, he proofread his passage and turned it in. drafts means:

A. copies of written work which can be changed         B. typing errors to be corrected

C. passages which are published         D. photocopies of a published magazine

16.   In the past, when a typist found a misspelled word on a page, the entire page was retyped or a correction was made by coloring the word with white liquid and retyping it. Now, with computers, misspelled words can be corrected easily, and the page can be reprinted. correction means:

A. making right         B. analyze         C. spelling         D. computerizing

17.   General Motors asked a number of its employees to write papers for the World Car Show. The papers that were chosen by the organizers of the show were published in a large book. Then, the authors of the papers were invited to go to a conference to talk about their work. authors means:

A. speakers         B. publishers         C. employees         D. writers

18.   The government of Ontario has rules about driver’s licenses. The law says that a man must be 17 or 18 years old, take a driving course, and pass a test before he can get a driver’s license. Only then is it legal for him to drive. legal means:

A. productive         B. evaluated         C. allowed by law         D. unnecessary

19.   Sam had an embarrassing experience this morning. Just before his meeting with the supervisor, he spilled coffee all over the front of his shirt. He didn’t have time to go home and change, so he had to go to the meeting like that. embarrassing means:

A. causing an uncomfortable feeling         B. not missing an important meeting

C. causing injury or disability to the body         D. making something comfortable

20.   Alex is the editor of his department’s Web page newsletter. He receives many articles written by others, but he decides what will go in the newsletter. First, he makes any necessary changes. Then, he makes sure the information follows the company format. Finally, he arranges the articles for the Web page and posts them online. editor means a person who :

A. changes and fixes written material         B. writes stories or books

C. publishes material that is ready   D. a person who manages a Web page

Exercise 4: Read each of the following short paragraphs carefully, searching for clues, context and word relationships that may help you in determining the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each of the paragraphs.

1.   Ahmad is going to build a new house in the middle of the city. He bought a piece of land two months ago. Then, he hired someone to draw the house plans. He hopes to have this layout of the house very soon so that the builder can start construction. layout means:

A. plan         B. contract         C. construction         D. ceremony

2.   When you write with Microsoft Word, you can make the letter type bold by pressing the control key and the letter B at the same time. When you do this, the letters will look different. type means:

A. press to write         B. Keyboard         C. kind/shape         D. handwrite letters

3.   In the workshop, the machinist cut a flat plate of metal to cover the hole in the concrete. After the plate was set on the concrete, the edge was painted yellow as a warning so people would not trip when they walked on it. plate means:

A. kind of metal         B. metal box         C. warning         D. thin piece of metal

4.   An olive press to get oil out of olives works like pushing on a tube of toothpaste. A piston applies pressure to the olives, and the olive oil is pushed through special filters. press means:

A. control         B. filter         C. mix         D. apply pressure to

5.   The manager requested a proof copy of the new advertisement from the printing agency. He wanted to check for errors in the spelling and see if the photographs were of high quality before paying for the order of 10,000 copies. proof in printing means:

A. errors         B. test copy         C. sample copy         D. quality ads

6.   Omar’s supervisor motivates him to do a good job because he often praises his work and corrects him in a polite way when he makes a mistake. Omar is also encouraged to work hard because he enjoys what he is doing. motivates means:

A. forces         B. corrects         C. encourages         D. enjoys

7.   A government organization has given Leila US$ 10,000 in appreciation for her outstanding service to the community. In addition to organizing recreational activities for the children living in our neighborhood, she has helped many local families start new businesses. She hopes that awareness of her reward by the public will encourage others to do good things in their communities. reward means:

A. service         B. prize         C. recreation         D. family business

8.   Leila was recently promoted to senior teacher in her school. She will be given a higher salary to match the higher position and grade code for her new job. promoted means:

A. given a higher grade         B. made an assistant principal

C. put into a less important job         D. hired to work in a big school

9.   When two students accidentally broke the window while playing in the classroom, the principal punished them for their actions. He made them pay for the broken window and apologize to the other students for their carelessness. Hopefully, they have learned to be more responsible. punished means:

A. broke         B. penalized         C. cared         D. suffered

10.   Last year, my manager told me I was going to be given a large salary increase. However, I was unable to complete all of my projects on time. As a result, he withheld the salary increase that he had promised until I was able to finish all of the jobs that I was supposed to do. When I finally finished them all, he authorized the salary increase. withheld means:

A. promised         B. fulfilled         C. stole         D. kept for sometime

11.   That company has decided to terminate the production of leaded gasoline because most cars now use unleaded gasoline. After next month, the company will not produce any leaded gasoline. terminate means:

A. reduce         B. end         C. start         D. increase

12.   When he joined the company, Sami was told that he would be on probation for three months. If he did a good job during this time, he would be offered a permanent position with the company. However, if he did an unsatisfactory job, he would not be kept as an employee. probation means:

A. permanent         B. testing period         C. satisfactory         D. regular employment

13.   All students and trainees must report to the school before 7:00 A.M. Anyone who arrives late will not be allowed to attend class. In every job, it is important to come on time and begin your duties immediately. report means:

A. get to work         B. stay in class         C. get permission         D. attend a class

14.   When Ali wrote a letter to the general manager asking for a salary increase, his request was refused. This is because Ali did not ask his immediate supervisor, the person who evaluates Ali’s work. immediate means:

A. previous         B. co-worker         C. employee         D. next level authority

15.   Hussein plans to sell some land that he owns near Riyadh and invest the money in a computer business. Hussein is not sure what the value of the land is, so he has hired a man to appraise it. appraise means:

A. invest         B. sell property         C. estimate value         D. make a large profit

16.   Nader doesn’t feel bad about getting 68 on the test. There is more merit in studying and getting a 68 than there is in cheating and getting a 90.   merit means:

A. failure         B. correctness         C. efficiency         D. reason for praise

17.   Thirty employees were forced to leave the company because profits were very low, and the company could not afford to employ them any longer. However, each employee was given a severance award equal to five months’ salary. This payment is usually an important benefit for the protection of employees and their families. severance award means:

A. additional pay         B. profits         C. salary decrease         D. salary increase

18.   When the hospital needed more blood for emergencies, many of the neighborhood residents gave their own blood. The Municipality did not require them to give blood, but the residents’ action was voluntary. voluntary means:

A. forced         B. done for pay         C. part of job         D. personal willingness

19.   Faisal worked in his old job for several years. When he found a new job with better benefits and a higher salary, he quit his old job. However, before he left his old job, he wrote a letter of resignation to his supervisor to inform him of his decision and thank him for his support. resignation means:

A. supporting         B. finding a job         C. thanking         D. leaving a job

20.   A good driver tries to be ready for every situation. If something dangerous happens, he must be able to act correctly and quickly. For example, if a bad driver suddenly turns in front of him, he must be able to stop without having a collision. situation means:

A. collision         B. transportation         C. condition         D. dangerous driver

Exercise 5: Read each of the following short paragraphs carefully, searching for clues, context and word relationships that may help you in determining the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each of the paragraphs.

1.   Leila and Dave were upbeat when they went to the United States last year. The day before they left, they went to a bank in their city to exchange some of their country’s money for dollars. They looked at the foreign exchange notice board that to see how much of their money equaled one U.S. dollar. exchange means:

A. change         B. receive         C. deposit         D. foreign money

2.   The gold service award for 25 years of work was stamped with the shape of a high tower. stamped means:

A. posted         B. gold         C. grown         D. pressed into the surface

3.   Manufacturers of electrical appliances often guarantee their products. This guarantee is usually valid for one year from the date of purchase. If anything goes wrong within that time, the manufacturer will repair or replace the appliance free of charge. guarantee means:

A. break down         B. give a promise         C. charge         D. pay

4.   Pocket calculators are very convenient devices. They are small, easy to carry, and simple to use. Also, they do many complicated mathematical operations quickly. convenient means:

A. easily stored         B. complicated         C. comfortable         D. fast-working

5.   All radios have many features that are the same. For example, all radios have controls for volume and channel selection. However, different models of radios have different features. For example, some radios can receive only AM signals, while others can get FM and shortwave stations as well. features means:

A. models         B. stations         C. forms         D. parts or qualities

6.   There were five 100___________dollar bills in the money box. I saw the clerk count the money out, one bill at a time. bills means:

A. checks         B. paper money C. 500 dollars         D. money in a safe

7.   When reviewing the long story of human business activity, the introduction of monetary systems seems a recent development. Metal coins and paper money are new monetary units relative to earlier systems of value in trade. monetary means:

A. trading         B. business         C. developing         D. relates to money

8.   Wise countries establish the Apprenticeship Programs and many young high school graduates join the program to secure a job and a trade for living. establish means:

A. graduate         B. set up         C. work with         D. join

9.   Ali is a clerk for a big company. Two years ago, when his father died, he became the owner of his father’s farm. His three sons help him run the farm. In addition to his sons, Ali also has five daughters. With such a large family and the expenses that go along with it, he is grateful for the extra revenue he gets from the farm. revenue means:

A. recreation         B. space         C. source of work         D. money coming in

10.   On his trip around the world, William collected examples of money from many countries. He brought back everything from Italian liras and Russian rubles to Brazilian Reals and Canadian dollars. His currency collection is the best I’ve seen. currency means:

A. travel         B. collection         C. money         D. souvenirs

11.   On a map of the world, countries next to one another are usually designated by different colors. Finding countries on the map is easier when they are shown this way. This is especially true when you are using the map to look for small countries. designated means:

A. painted         B. identified         C. found         D. searched for

12.   Since its invention, the calculator has become a common piece of office equipment. It simplifies the work of doing mathematical problems by automatically calculating the results. simplifies means:

A. solves         B. calculates         C. invents         D. makes easier

13.   Last month, several students were sent out of class for using their mobile phones. As a result, the principal immediately decided to implement a new policy that now forbids the use of mobile phones in the entire school classrooms. implement means:

A. study         B. call         C. make rules         D. start using rules

14.   For 21 years, our company stored its supplies in several locations around the country. Recently, it built a large storage facility in order to centralize the employees, equipment, and materials in one site. The company hopes this will increase the efficiency of the operation and eliminate the cost of maintaining so many buildings. centralize means:

A. reduce expenses in some locations         B. terminate employees in the Central Area

C. increase the number of facilities         D. unite resources for easy management

15.   Our family business has several employees on the payroll. However, my brother and I are the owners of the business and don’t receive a monthly salary from the business. Therefore, we are not counted as part of the staff. payroll means list of:

A. paid workers         B. license         C. accounting         D. workload quota

16.   Muslims are required to fast during the month of Ramadan, but there are some exceptions to this rule. For example, a person who is traveling does not have to fast. Also, someone who is very ill is permitted to eat and drink, especially if he needs to take medicine to treat the illness. exceptions means:

A. cases not included in a rule         B. people who fast in Muslim Ramadan

C. situations when travelers fast         D. sick people not taking medicine

17.   There are various ways students can improve their English skills. Reading English newspapers and magazines is one way. Also, speaking with other people who speak English is very effective. Many people believe the best method to develop your English skills is to live in an English-speaking country for at least a few months. various means:

A. difficult         B. important         C. different         D. ineffective

18.   John’s supervisor got angry when John reported to work late. John explained that there had been a fire at his neighbor’s house that morning. He was busy rescuing people from the burning home. Due to these circumstances, he was unable to call his supervisor to inform him that he’d be late. circumstances means:

A. injuries         B. defectiveness         C. neighbors         D. situations/conditions

19.   Visitors to other countries are usually required to specify the purpose of their visit. One reason for travel that many people give is tourism. Another reason is business. Also, students from all over the world study at universities in countries other than their own. Since there are so many possible reasons for visiting a country, immigration departments require people to indicate the purpose of their stay. specify means:

A. give a reason         B. tell exactly         C. tell a joke         D. shout loudly

20.   When employees travel outside their country for special assignments, their employers remunerate them for many expenses. Employees receive not only their regular salary, but also compensation for airline tickets, hotels, meals, and other costs. Often times, payment for these expenses must be approved by the company, and employees have to provide bills for the services or products they purchased. remunerate means:

A. assign         B. travel         C. charge         D. make payment

Exercise 6: Read each of the following short paragraphs carefully, searching for clues, context and word relationships that may help you in determining the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each of the paragraphs.

1.   Most people who work earn money from doing a legal job. However, there are always some people who make their money by doing something that is against the law. For example, some people steal things, while other people cheat to make a profit or sell dangerous drugs. It is the job of the police to find these people and stop them from doing these things. legal means:

A. stolen         B. earned         C. police work         D. lawful

2.   The company announced that it had thirty jobs available at a new building site. All interested people were asked to register with the company before April 20. These people would then be interviewed on April 23. register means:

A. start work         B. interview         C. get the job         D. record the name

3.   I can’t always attend the weekly committee meeting. This is because I have a hospital appointment downtown at 10:00 A.M. every Monday, so it really depends on how long that takes. If the doctor sees me on time, I can get to the meeting, but if he is late, I have to miss the meeting. depends on means:

A. decided by         B. surprises         C. makes         D. delays

4.   Tom lives near a large car factory, and he knows a number of the engineers who work there. At first he thought that they all probably did the same sort of work, but he knows now how specialized their different jobs are. One of the engineers is an expert on diesel engines, while another spends all his time testing brake systems. A third engineer has recently designed a more efficient automobile electrical system. The engineers’ jobs really couldn’t be more different. specialized means:

A. general         B. interesting         C. specific         D. similar

5.   To prepare for the annual speaking contest, teachers in the college were asked by the Dean to select two individuals from each of their classes to take part in the competition. The winning team would then compete against other teams of other classes. individuals means:

A. tests         B. speeches         C. persons         D. class periods

6.   Our unit has planned a party for our supervisor, who is retiring next week. We voted on when to have it. Four chose Saturday, but twenty-two preferred this Wednesday, so the party will take place on Wednesday, if you would like to join us. voted means:

A. planned         B. took place         C. chose         D. predicted

7.   Every year, the people in that company have an election in which they vote for new officers to run their organization. Last year they selected Ahmed’s brother to be the new chairman. election means:

A. injection         B. selection         C. family member         D. officer of a company

8.   The employee was disappointed that he could not live in the company’s executive housing. Houses in that category were only for people in management level positions. executive means:

A. disappointing         B. managerial         C. low level         D. category

9.   A group of scientists working in the field of medical research is trying to find cures for diabetes and heart disease. They will present the results of their studies and experiments at a meeting in London next month. research means:

A. cures         B. meetings         C. results         D. studies

10.   Sweden is a very interesting country in which to work, and it has some good companies to work for. Unfortunately, there aren’t many job openings right now, but if you have the opportunity to work there, I think you should take it. opportunity means:

A. chance         B. company         C. money         D. country

11.   Making a budget for your business or family is very important. The main reason for having a financial plan is to make sure that your expenses do not surpass your income. You should not spend more money than you earn. surpass means:

A. reduce         B. exceed         C. increase         D. spend

12.   Samir and John are brothers, but they are different in many ways. Samir likes his job, which pays a very high salary. He also has only two children, and his family lives in a large house. In contrast, John has a job that he does not like because it pays a low salary. He has eleven children, but his family lives in a very small house. in contrast means:

A. however         B. similarly         C. also         D. fortunately

13.   John, our coworker, usually has an interesting reason for missing work. On one occasion, he was absent because a camel had sat on his car. Another time, he reported to work late because he had to rescue his neighbor’s children from their burning house. Everyone finds his explanations for missing work very exciting. occasion means:

A. excitement         B. coworker         C. time         D. accident

14.   When Adel reached home, it was immediately obvious that something was wrong. A police car was parked outside his house, and the front door looked as if it had been forced open. Inside, furniture was broken, and there was glass all over the floor. obvious means:

A. usual         B. easy to see         C. possible         D. difficult to learn

15.   When my brother was younger, he was a very fast driver, and he took a lot of risks. He had several near-accidents, and I stopped riding with him. Then one day, his poor driving caused a major accident. He was lucky that no one was killed. This changed him greatly, and he adopted a different attitude toward driving. From then on, he started to think about other drivers. He even took a course at a driving school. adopted means:

A. improved         B. took/accepted         C. thought of         D. went back to school

16.   Many people don’t like going to a doctor. They often buy medicine at a pharmacy and treat themselves when it would be better to make an appointment with a doctor. However, some people make regular trips to a doctor with even the most minor ailments. ailments means:

A. medicines         B. body parts         C. transport         D. health problems

17.   Adel wasn’t used to getting much exercise, but after running ten kilometers, he could still run quite well. However, the next morning, his joints ached. Worst of all were his knees and ankles. Running on a hard surface had clearly put pressure on them. As soon as he got up, he took a hot shower and did some stretching exercises, after which he felt a lot better. joints means:

A. pressures         B. surfaces         C. exercises         D. where bones meet

18.   Ahmed is a really nice man, and he is always willing to help someone in trouble. However, he does have one very annoying habit. He obviously has a poor short-term memory because he often tells people things he has already mentioned. His friends are too polite to tell him about this, so they just keep quiet while he carries on with his repetitive stories. repetitive means:

A. annoying         B. recurring         C. poverty         D. keeping quiet

19.   Have you ever wondered why sportsmen warm up before a game? The main reason is that if they don’t do this, there is always a danger that too much sudden exercise will cause a strain. This is particularly true in cold weather, when muscles need to be gently warmed up by some exercise to avoid unnecessary injury. strain means having to do with muscles’:

A. injury         B. warming         C. exercise         D. relaxation

20.   Some children have poor posture. When I was a child, I was often told to sit up straight at the table and to stand up straight when a teacher was talking to me. Now I tell my own children that if they don’t stand up straight, they will end up with round shoulders when they are adults. posture means:

A. sitting up straight         B. something a child does

C. the position of a person’s body         D. round shoulders

Exercise 7: Read each of the following short paragraphs carefully, searching for clues, context and word relationships that may help you in determining the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each of the paragraphs.

1.   Adel is studying hard for his exams. He very much wants to go to a college in the U.S., but to do this he needs to achieve better results than he has obtained in the past. Otherwise, he will continue his studies in his city. otherwise means:

A. and then         B. also         C. in case         D. if not

2.   London always gets a lot of rain. This is good because it keeps the city green and makes the air smell fresh. Also, it helps fill the water reservoirs so that the population has enough water to use. But three years ago the rain was excessive. It caused floods in several parts of the city, and some people who lived near the river had to move out of their homes because the water rose so high that it made the situation unsafe. excessive means:

A. smells fresh         B. shortage         C. abundant         D. flooding the city

Lesson 10 Computers and Health

3.   There is a tower in Italy that was built over 800 years ago in the city of Pisa. It is a very famous tower, not because of its age but because it is tilting. It is at an angle of about six degrees from the vertical. One side of the tower has sunk into the soil, so it looks as if the building is falling over, but it hasn’t done so yet. Many people travel to Pisa from all over the world just to see this tower. tilting means:

A. moving away         B. getting smaller         C. making noise         D. seen by many people

4.   When I got home yesterday, I had great difficulty opening my front door. I unlocked it as usual, but when I pushed against it, it didn’t move. Finally, I had to put my bag on the floor and throw the whole weight of my body against it. It opened, and I fell into my apartment. I don’t know why the door had become so stiff. Perhaps the warm weather had caused it to expand a little. stiff means:

A. easy to lock         B. increased         C. locked         D. difficult to move

5.   Ali needed to buy a