United Hindustan a Dream

By A. A. Dar

The killing of a human being is never acceptable to me. I abhor those people who are involved in communalism, bigotry, apartheid, and terrorism. The whole world is a mosque for me. I abhor those people who shed the blood of innocent human beings. I have made deep analysis of the Indian civilization from earlier ages till date, and I got a conclusion for the humanity to prevail; those attributes are peace and justice. Tolerance and adaptation are the golden principles for humanity. A united empire is better than a fragmented piece of land. Unity is better than division.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Partridge Publishing India
• Release date: May 17, 2016
• ISBN: 9781482874198

A. A. Dar

I am a native of Jammu and Kashmir, India. I have obtained my earlier education from a missionary from Baramulla. I have pursued a master’s degree in history from Kashmir University. I have served in the education department. Presently, I am a retired government employee.

Book preview

A CONTOUR OF THE MOTHER LAND

The umbrella of the firmament possessing the heavenly bodies like the stars, the planets, the moon which reflects the borrowed light from the sun towards the earth, an astronaut belonging to my mother land in the space craft promised to bring stars; while revolving round the earth was asked by then Late. Prime Minister Smt. Indra Gandhi to express his sentiments about India from the space. He vehemently expressed in a poetic way, Saray Jahan say aacha Hindustan Hamarah. The sufi saint and poet Amir Khasro told that India is the land of my birth and our country. It is like a heaven. He was proud of his nation and being an Indian citizen.

The great Himalayas with its peaks covered with white rai-ments of snow guarding the mother land, has made the entrance inaccessible and insuperable from the northern direction. It is like the Chinese wall stretching out from north- west to north- east. The Himalayan peaks covered with snow, in the moon light glitter, enhances the fascination of the valleys and the meadows, which allure the millions of the pilgrims to the Kedernath, the Badrinath and the Amarnat narrating the eternal secrets of immortality. The Hazrathbal where the relic of the last prophet (s.a.w) glitter and showering blessing to the humanity, the Shrine of Khawaja Moin – Ud- Chisti and the Datta- Darbar, radiating the eternal message of monotheism of the last messenger (s.a.w). From the Golden Temple early in the morning, chanting of Gourbani in a melodious voice, promulgate the philosophy of unity in diversity and the Lotus temple made in the honour of Bahai’s religion, millions visit to these peace sights without distinction of colour and religion. The tributaries from the Himalays running through the plains make confluence with the Gangees, the Sindh, the Jumana and the Bhramputra distributing the ambrosia to the valleys. The soil gusher gold from inside. The juicy and dry fruits of Afghanistan, the Bengal tiger of Bangladesh, the Mountain lands of Nepal and Bhutan allure foreign mountaineers for the perilous adventure of the Mount Everest and other peaks and from the island of Sri Lanka, the journey of the man commenced after the paradise lost by Adam in order to regain it, Maldeep and Maldeves as the sea gate ways of the sub- continent enhances its glamour.

The essence of the land has fascinated the men from centuries to visit the heaven with juicy fruits, roses, greeneries and the droplets of pearls on the petals of the lotus plants in the Dal- lake of Kashmir during a full moon night, a Mughal King along with his beloved queen Noor Jahan, praised the land and made it a permanent abode while resting under the pleasant shade of a Chinar tree as His Majesty was irked with the scorching summer in his capital. The beauty of the valley fascinated him so much that he narrated it as: if there is paradise on the Earth, it is thee, it is thee.

Endeavour for United Hindustan

The historical records reveal that the Harappan civilization was the first endeavour towards the establishment of United Hindustan in the Indian Sub-Continent but it remained under veil of anonymity for a longer period.

The Harappan Culture

Pursuant to the recorded history and excavation at various sites in the Indian sub-continent, Harappan civilization is thought to be the earliest Indian civilization. It is also called the Indus valley civilization because during the excavation, the ruins of the old civilization were also found in the Indus valley.

The Harappan civilization had flourished about 2500 B.C. The excavated sites reveal that it had spread over a vast area in Sindh, Baluchistan, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Western Utter–Pradesh and Cholistan.

The perusal of the excavation sites at Mohenjo-Daro in Sindh and other places glorified their extra-ordinary town planning with straight roads and cut each other at right angles. They had an efficient drainage system. They were highly concerned with the hygiene of their cities. It was one of the best Muncipal organization of the ancient India. They had excellence in the art of engineering. They had ample technology of dock making. The weights and measuring system was excellent. They had a technique to check the purity of the gold (touch stone).

The urban life style and the standard of the people when compared with the contemporary civilizations of the world reveal a different picture in the opinion of Pt. Jawahir Lal Nehru in his book The Discovery of India:

In these countries much money and thought were lavished on the building of magnificient temples for the gods and the palaces of kings but the rest of the people seemingly had to content themselves with insignificant dewelings of mud. In Indus valley the picture is reversed and the finest structure are those erected for the conviences of the citizens¹

The perusal of the lines from the book reveals that the Harappan civilization was at its zenith when compared with the contemporary civilizations of the world. All other civilization like Greece, Roman and Egypt had perished while the Hindustani civilization still exists. The culture was progressive as seen by the standing ramnents of the civilization. Unfortunately it had fallen prey to the cruel treatment of the time. The period which the people had consumed in erecting a progressive civilization was wasted and ruined. The arms of the clock returned back to the initial point due to the annihilation of the civilization as assessments made by various factors.

The fall of the civilizations is connected with the failure of its institutions. When the established institution does not function properly and the justice and the human values show decadence, the fall of the civilization becomes inevitable. The revelations also indicate the causes of the fall of any civilization. The annotation of the revelations of the Holy Quran reveal, the civilisation is replaced by a new civilisation when evil replaces the rightenousness and God fearing. The Bhagavadgita also mentions that when anti- Dharam values spread, the righteous persons take birth in order to eradicate anti- dharma activities from the world. The redeemers like saints also do every effort in order to reform the societies from evils. The prophets had already accomplished their job. It is now duty of the people under the guidance of the revelations to fight against the evil in the world. The Jews, the Christians, the Muslims, the Hindus, the zeroastrians have faith that their holy books are the sacred revelations and a way towards human salvation. It is the personal choice of a person to trace out the way for salvation and every human being will be made accountable for the way he had choosen. There should be no compulsion by others while a person is in search of the salvation. The personal choice should be respected and the decision be welcomed by others. In the modern times the humanity is at the zenith of scientific knowledge. But ethically the humanity shows degeneration and different forms of corruption have evolved in the human societies. It was decadence of the ethical values and collape of the established institutions which brought ruin to the Harappan civilisation. Had the Harappan civilization prevailed, it would have proved a progressive civilization of the world?

The Harappa people had trade links with Mesopotamia, the Persian Gulf and even with Egypt (Crete). The trade connection was established along the coasts of the Arabian Sea and the Persian- Gulf thus avoiding the difficulties of the land routes. There might have been transfer of ideas in the field of knowledge and benefit to all. The progress made by the innate Indians might have allured the neighbouring and the far off people for migration towards Hindustan. In the similar way, present human beings are always in search of better future and migrations take place from one country to the other. Therefore with the passage of the time they attain the permanent citizenship of that nation. The Aryans, the Turks and the Mughals also migrated to India for a better future. It was prosperity and the fertility of Indian soil which allured them for migration.

The Harappa civilization had declined since 1500 B.C. It had spread over a larger territory in the Northern India. There is no unanimity among the historians about the decline of the civilization. It is believed that a natural calamity or disaster had perished the civilization or they were not able to counter the Aryans who were more superior in the war techniques of that time. The Harappan were more traders than warrior. The city was divided into different comparments as per the prosperity of the society. The grandeour of the buildings called citadels give an impersion that they belonged to corporate class of the country. It was a society based on trade. The Aryan were like Mangol in the war affair and there are numerous hymns in the Vedas (Rigveda) when they prayed to seek help from the gods like Indra, mentioned as Purandhar (Destroyer) of fortified cities), Vrigrihana(Slayer of demon Vudra) against the aboriginal inhabitants of India. This demon of Vudra used to stop flow of rivers, in reality it was nothing but dames of Harappan people. These dames were constructed by the Harappan for flood irrigation. Its result produced severe effects on Harappan agriculture. The destruction of the cities brought an end to the urban life and as a result, the civilization came to an end but the Harappa culture continued for many ages. The example of the continuity of Harappa culture like matriarchal nature of society still persists in the Nayars of South India.

The Harappan could not counter the Aryans or they failed to repulse them back. During excavation numerous war weapons have been found but the quality of Bronze weapons was not superior as they lacked techniques to improve the quality of Bronze. The easy subjugation of Harappa indicates that there was no central military organization. It can be assessed that the weapons were used by the semi-military personals (watchman) that were responsible for the safe guard of the commercial interests of the business class and the accumulated stocks in the godowns.

The chronicle evidences achieved by the excavations at various sites in the sub- continent reveals, that it had spread over a vast area and a foreign race, what so ever had been their number cannot exterminate the innate Indians within a short span of time. Such a conclusion is refutable. The human civilization had been disturbed chiefly either by floods or by the earthquakes. The Harappans had an urban life style. The well established institutions of commerce were destroyed by the natural calamities or there was fall in the import and the export trade of the country. The result of the commercial upheaval brought migration of the urban population to the rural areas. The population enhanced and rural type of life style emerged on a vast area. They needed more land for food and housing. The existing cities were desolated by the Aryans and the new cities emerged in Hindustan. It was deterioration of the established urban life style. Had not those trading centres became victim of various negative forces, great commercial cities would have been emerged on the map of India? The termination of the Harappa civilization was a great disaster in the Indian history.

The Aryans might have migrated from West Asian countries. It is appropriate to mention that the pastures in the Highlands of West Asia might have converted into deserts; forced them to migrate because Aryans were pastrols. The Harappan’s were not alien to the people of the West Asia because they had trade links with them. During the excavation in Mohan-jedaro numerous granaries have been discovered. The Harappas exported wheat to the neighbouring nations.

The decline of the Harappa civilization teaches a lesson to the future United Hindustan. To be a super-power in the world it has to attain advanced technologies for economic prosperity. It can only be achieved through peace, brotherhood and education. The dream land of the future will not bear out any disturbance either by the internal or the external traitorous. The world has changed. There is competition in every field between the nations. It is the economic prosperity which improves the life style of the citizens. There will be ample job opportunities in the future mighty nation. Being immigrants the Aryans proved that to live in Hindustan is their right while the Harappan’s were innate Indians didn’t withstand. They lived in slumber and their remiss towards the national security deprived them of the possession of the mother India. The Harappa had failed to counter the foreign civilization by assimilating them in their own culture - an innate Indian culture. On the contrary they were deluged by the Aryan flood. They failed to build a mighty united Hindustan.

The extermination of the Harappa civilization was an example of negligence of the national security. It was a grievous event of the Indian history.

Ibn Khaldun a great historian had rightly traced the future from the past.

"The past resembles the future more than one drop of water resembles another."

History is the past account of any civilisation. It is rather a mirror of the past. The future of a nation can be build by the analysis of the past.

Those races can only survive which maintain the sanctity of the national institutions like the parliament, the defence and the educational institutions. There should be honest payment of taxes. The citizens should possess the virtues of chauvinism and patriotism. The religious freedom, toleration, adaptation and honest critisims are vital for the peace of the nation. The justice can only prevail when no citizen will be above the law. Every citizen should work hard for the uplift of the nation. There should be unanimous wages for every government official or labours so that honesty will prevail. It is because human needs are similar. It is service of the mother land. There should be no discrimination between a common men and a highest government official so that equality and justice will be restored. It will be an ideal nation.

UNITED HINDUSTAN BY THE ARYANS

The arrival of the Aryans in India was another attempt to make United Hindustan in the Sub-Continent. They were brave people and well acquainted in war fare. They had guidance in the shape of Vedas. But there are no evidences who received these revelations like the prophets of the Abraham religion of monotheisum. There are ample verses in the Vedas which reveal that the Aryans had faith in monotheism. Early Vedic religion was henotheistic. The personification of forces of nature was most important identity of Vedic religion. The emergence of the trinity in the later Vedic period like Brahma, Vishno and Shiva are just like the attributes or names of the Allah (God). The meaning of the trinity means Creator, Sustainer and the Destroyer which has synonymous meanings in the Arabic language as Al- Khaliq, Al-Muqit and Al-Mumeet. The people in the later Vedic period were allured by the materialism and they begin to worship the attributes of the God in order to gain particular blessing by chanting the specific attribute of God. They sought help from the concerned attribute of God against their enemies.

ARRIVAL OF THE ARYANS IN INDIA

Historical records reveal that Aryans migrated in 2000 B.C. from the land around the Caspian Sea or from Cocas region along with their quadruples and settled firstly in Punjab and then at the banks of river Ganges around 1500 B.C. The Aryans after detaching themselves from the Persian branch of family, settled down as agriculturalists (1000-600 B.C.) in the areas surrounding the Indus.

The tales of the soil fertility and the prosperity conveyed by the Harappan traders might have tempted the Aryans to invade India. They were stronger than the Harappan’s. The Aryans not only eradicated the Harappan people from their soil but also pushed the Dravidians towards the south of India. A new civilization emerged and flourished. A new power emerged in the northern India and there was no other race at par with them. Not only they took the possession of the land but also subjugated the pre- inhabitants of the land. The Mother India is a unique piece of land. Its bosom is always compassionate for the Adam’s children. Any race who settled here adopted them as legitimate heir of the land. Hence it is the duty of its citizens to love and protect it. The people of the Sub-Continent should be grateful to Allah (God) who blessed them with a beautiful and splendid land. The inhabitants of the great land should chant the slogans to praise their creator who has diverse names in diverse religions and also praise their land which is their mother and a blessing of the God.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

The Aryan social set up was rigid and based on the division of the labour. Among other castes, the Brahmans had a dominating role in the society while the Sudras were despised by other sects of the society. The Aryans had faith in the sacrosanct or divinity of their religious scriptures – the Vedas.

Every human being is born free. The Sudras were dishonoured and inhumanely treated by the society. The evolution of Varna system during late Vedic age resulted in a down-trodden and untouchable sect of the society. The social injustice which Shudras met had full spiritual sanctions by the Dharamsastras. A person who is rationalist doesn’t believe that the division of the society had taken place within a short span of time. Either Shudras were the aboriginal inhabitants of India or a section of Aryan society who migrated with them and settled along with them in India. There is always a barrier in the society. It divides them into progressive, less progressive and downtrodden segment and with the time, the third segment remains sub-ordinate. They are subjected to do the menial jobs and it drifted them from the upper sections of the society. The progressive section always dominates the suppressive class of the society. The shackles of sub-ordination for the Sudras in the past is yet pursuing them like a ghost and attached them the title of social backward segment of the society. A lot has been done in order to lift them but more is to be done in the future. The past colour of the society has been reduced due to the blessings of the democracy. It is education which can play an important role for their up-liftment. The settlements of the most backward sections of the society should be provided with all the modern facilities. The government as well as the captalist section can provide a helping hand by constructing modern colonies for them. The United Hindustan will make them at par with the other sections of the society in every field of the life. In the dream land of the Sub-Continent, there will be no place for untouchability and apartheid. Those people who will remind them about their nature of the caste and will taunt them, the law will find its course of action against them. It will be a land of noble consciousness on the Earth. The human attributes like peace and love will be the order of the day. It will be a country where human beings will share their meals in the same plate as in a Kashmiri banquet. They will kiss the lips of one another, demolishing the callous statue of communalism, hatred and apartheid.

Any human being whether white or black, whether Arya or non-Aryan, whether Arab or non- Arab are equal. No race is superior to other. All human beings are equal in the kingdom of the Lord.

Racial superiority and caste system is the outcome of the atrocious and vicious inhumane minds, grievous offence, confederacy against human fraternity and liberty. Apartheid and untouchability is the metamorphosis of past inhumane practices made by modern callous and so called false political and religious leaders. The white race had made an experiment of apartheid in the South Africa but it was noticed by Mahatmaji who stood like a rock against that inhumane law. The human segregation was abolished under the leadership of Nelson Mandella. Abraham Lincoln too was touched by this inhumane practice so he abolished and uprooted the slavery from the American soil once for all. He proved himself a great redeemer of the humanity.

STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL POWER

Politically the Aryans were not united. They were divided into a number of small tribes similar to the Arabian tribes during the pre – Islamic era. During that period one tribe fought with the other and in the course of the time small states emerged which were ruled by their heads. The political struggle around 6th century B.C. showed emergence of kingdoms and republics called Mahajanapades. Hence Magadha emerged as a seat of political power. But a united states of Hindustan was yet a dream to be accomplished.

The Aryans failed to accomplish the task of uniting the country. They failed to fight against a common foe in the future. It was a fatal setback for the unity of the country. A new peril was approaching towards their abode. There was need of nationalism in order to curb the danger but that was lacking in them.

ALEXANDER’S MARCH TOWARDS INDIA

Mother India is enough fortunate to have a natural barrier in the form of great Himalayas towards the North direction. It has fortified the country and has made the nation insuperable for the foreign invaders. The track is so inaccessible that no one dared to invade India from the northern side. Hence it remained out of reach for the foreign invaders from the North. But on the contrary, the sub- continent from the Western front via the Hindukash to Khyber Pass acted as an open gate for the foreign invasion. Alexander, the mighty ruler of Macedonia at the age of 20, set out with his armies to conquer the world. His zeal of conquering the world brought him to the boards of India where his movement was stopped by a brave Indian ruler namely Porous on the Jhelum in 326 B.C. The Indian ruler was defeated by the Macedonian emperor. He returned to his country and in Mesopotamia he died of fever at the age of 32 in 323 B.C. leaving behind Selecus as governor of Indian Territory.

RESULT OF ALEXANDER’S INVASION

Alexander’s invasion was a great event in the history of India. For the first time a gate was opened for the future invaders. It was an alarming incident for the Indian rulers but they remained untouched with this event. While Porous was engaged in the fight with the Macedonain ruler, other Indian rulers remained impartial. In the inner of their hearts they were delighted with the idea, that when the foreign ruler will return back to his country; they will again restore their power. But they lived in a world of fools.

The Indian rulers were devoid of nationalism, brotherhood and were self-centred. It was their moral obligation to help a neighbour who was struggling for his survival but they remained untouched. They lacked feelings of chauvinism and did not come for his rescue. But on the other hand they helped the foreign ruler in his designs of capturing their mother land and the same history was repeated when Nawab Siraj Dullah of Bengal was engaged with the Colonial Empire.

The Indian Monarchs were coreligionist but they behaved as aliens with each other. They were bound by uniform traditions and customs but were fascinated by the European style of politics because they have similar genetic make up as Europeans. Had they been innate Indians, they would have fought better against their common enemy? But they had betrayed their fraternity in the times of need. It was unfortunate that innate Indians in the colour of Harappa were eradicated from their land. Keeping their town planning and other architecture in view; they would have presented themselves as better Indians and more advanced than the invaders. They too remained careless regarding their national defence.

There was flow of knowledge between Europe and India. Both were benefited in the field of mathematics, medicines and art but India was never Hellenised.

A new route on the land was discovered which accelerated trade and commerce between Europe and India. It was a novel experience which the traders on land gained and during Ashok’s time Buddhism made its way through new route to the foreign lands.

By the discovery of a new route, foreign invaders were encouraged to invade India from the