Race to Excellence

By Henry H. Williamson, Jr.

This book realistically identifies specific core areas of racial strife and at the same time ties the real issues of race relations into the nature of government. It is different from many others that may be similar, in that there is no hidden agenda: everything is out in the open. In addition, the book has feeling, passion, humor, substance, and clarity. Not only that, it has a message that is sure to help many, many individuals, both American and others, gain greater insight into what it takes to gain and maintain liberty and justice for all our citizens.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Xlibris US
• Release date: Dec 18, 2002
• ISBN: 9781469118628

Henry H. Williamson, Jr.

Born in Atlanta, Georgia: High School in Cleveland, Ohio: College in Chicago, Illinois. Served in Armed Services in Europe in mid sixties. Worked as credit analyst, customer service representative, bus driver, also as a truck driver, supervisor, and manager for an international transportation company. Loves to observe and participate in sports of all sorts. Loves to create, loves to compete and loves to love.

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Contents

Where to find what’s in this book.

Acknowledgements:

Forward

Why you should be concerned about racial harmony, race relations, and our Race to Excellence: what’s in it for you!

Use and Misuse of Words

A brief discussion about how words affect our behavior.

Introduction

A proper introduction should include divulging how the subject will be handled. That is what we do in this section. The objective of Race To Excellence is, in a strong and positive manner, to improve relationships among all Americans. The result the author envisions is to help each and every American be the best he or she can be, especially black Americans.

Chapter One

Roadblocks To Progress

We identify significant monster negatives that impede progressive achievement. In this chapter we cover race-related Roadblocks #1 through #7.

Chapter Two

The Great American Struggle

We highlight the immense struggle against incredible odds that both our black and white ancestors traveled together.

Chapter Three

Double Motive

The events that led up to the American Revolution and other important battles are important because they support the notion that the struggle of Americans was not just a white struggle, it was, and remains, a struggle of blacks and whites together against common adversaries.

Chapter Four

… To Be Self-Evident

We identify the Founding Fathers’ objectives when they put together this new nation under God, with the intention of providing liberty and justice for all.

Chapter Five

Men Of Character

We identify the many men who saw the destructive nature of man’s inhumanity to man, and for years a battle raged. What made it a good fight was that it was fought by men of character and integrity throughout the land.

Chapter Six

A New Beginning

We highlight the attempt at reconstructing and reaffirming our Race to Excellence. Unfortunately it was a cry in the wilderness of confusion, and a footprint of injustice and immorality. This is where we identify and close out our selected race-related Roadblocks #8 & #9.

Chapter Seven

The Organization of Protest

A. W.E.B. DuBois speaks

B. Successful bus boycott (Montgomery, Alabama)

C. Sit-in demonstrations

D. Martin L. King’s Letter from a Birmingham jail.

Chapter Eight

Black Power

Freedom now by any means necessary, including violence was a theme of many angry, black Americans. We talk about the nature of violence, and we listen to and critique a Malcolm X speech.

Chapter Nine

The Enemy

We identify the enemy and their companion. We also define Racism and racists and identify the reason for the existence of both. Also, we identify and compare the essence of rap music versus other forms of music.

Chapter Ten

Our Great Title Is American

We identify the nature of government and how it relates to, and interferes with, our Race to Excellence. Plus, we identify and define the nature of a right.

Appendix

Roadblocks to Progress: a Solution (Bring back the draft)

This is the report of a Task Force meeting designed to identify creative ways individuals could apply alternate means of providing real social security. The meeting also offered potential plans that could protect workers from fear of prolonged unemployment, reduce poverty to a minimum level, and a system of financing a person’s retirement that is personal and that could provide a suitable nest egg for all Americans in our twilight years.

Appendix B:

Set Us Free & Leave Us Alone100

The Abolitionist, Frederick Douglass’, speech to the Emancipation League in Boston, 1862.

Appendix C

Local Voices

These are articles from the author’s selected Newspaper columns where he addressed Local concerns.

NOTES

Superscript numbers within the body of the work denote further references that tend to further clarify a statement or paragraph, support a statement, or give greater insight to the reader.

Bibliography

List of reference books used to support this work.

THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO

Noah Williamson, my grandfather; to Henry, my father; to Florence, my mother; and to all the men and women like them who never made excuses, they simply went about their business and produced positive results in a predisposed way that equates to success in the pursuit of happiness.

Whatever success this book achieves is considered an add-on that they should have received but never did, simply because of the color of their skin. God has blessed America and will continue to do so because we are The Symbol, the only symbol in the entire world, of liberty and justice for all.

Acknowledgements:

The object of this work is to help propel our people to more closely be, in fact, the land of liberty and justice of, for, and by all the people.

One of the most difficult things to do is be totally objective, it is practically impossible because each of us are flavored with subjective feelings ingested from environment, experience, likes and dislikes, and a variety of other influences. However, an attempt has been made in this work to be objective. For that reason the author has perused hundreds of books, periodicals, and essays in an effort to not distort the facts. That being said, he would like to gratefully acknowledge the influence and support of all the books listed in the bibliography. Particularly, he would like to offer a special thanks to the authors and editors of the following works:

Racism Or Attitude

by James L. Robinson

Copyright (c) 1995 by James L. Robinson published by Insight Books ( a division of Plenum Press)

Afro-American History: Primary Sources Edited by Frazier M. Thomas Copyright (c) 1970 by Harcourt, Brace, & World, Inc. published by Harcourt, Brace, & World, Inc.

Before the Mayflower: A History of the Negro in America

by Lerone Bennett, Jr.

Copyright (c) 1961, 1962, 1964 by Johnson Publishing Company, Inc.

published by Johnson Publishing Company, Inc.

No More Lies: The Myth and the Reality of American History by Dick Gregory

Copyright (c) 1971 by Richard Claxton Gregory Published by Harper & Row, Inc.

The Oxford History of the American People by Samuel Eliot Morison

Copyright (c) 1965, 1972 by Samuel Eliot Morison Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal by Ayn Rand

Copyright (c) 1964, 1965, 1966 by Ayn Rand Published by The New American Library

The Gift of Black Folk: The Negroes in the Making of America by W.E.B. Du Bois

Copyright (c) 1970 by Simon & Schuster, Inc. Published by Simon & Schuster, Inc.

Why We Can’t Wait by Martin Luther King, Jr.

Copyright (c) 1963, 1964 by Martin Luther King, Jr. Published by Harper & Row, Inc.

Autobiography of Malcolm X (With the assistance of Alex Haley)

Copyright (c) 1964 by Alex Haley and Malcolm X Copyright (c) 1965 by Alex Haley and Betty Shabazz Distributed by Random House, Inc. (Grove Press, Inc.)

One more thing: the author would also like to acknowledge Bill and Vivian Banchy, Larry Randolph, and Melvin Lakness for the extraordinary support and aid they provided in smoothing out many of the wrinkles in preparing the final manuscript. It is a better final product because of their help, and I thank them profusely.

Forward

(Why you should read this book?)

This book was written to and for all people who seek liberty and justice for all. The primary purpose of this work is to delve into the essence of race-relations and extract reasons and rewards to include all Americans (well-to-do and poor, black and non-black) in our heritage of liberty and justice for all. The author is a black American; however, black or non-black, most of us are aware that the subject can provide racial tension and propel itself into an agonizing object of debate very easily. With that point in mind, though this work is unquestionably for all Americans, on occasion, I will address my comments primarily to black America.

This matter of liberty and justice can be a difficult subject, and some of us often treat difficult issues with the same reaction as the ostrich—as if by not talking about them, or otherwise ignoring them (burying our heads in the sand) \ bothersome issues will simply disappear! Others respond to complex, or undesirable, issues by just smiling and being agreeable. Still others seek to uncover the reality of truth, and respond consistent with actions they believe are right and proper.

Regardless of which group you relate, if your desire is framed in complexity and you get turned on by complicated issues (that’s just about everything nowadays), then sit back and open your creative and objective stance because the author is going to reveal, and cultivate, attitudes about the complicated issue of liberty and justice for all in the context of race relations.

The reader might well ask, Why should I be concerned about the complicated issue of race relations; what’s in it for me?

The answer is that the United States of America began a Race to Excellence for mankind that previous societies had not even begun to reach. The Founding Fathers’ objective of The Race was to produce a nation that provided liberty and justice for all. In such a place, each individual could pursue and achieve happiness in a manner that best exemplified freedom.

Today, we are on track to fall flat on our faces, and spoil the marvelous beginning that started with the words, … We hold these truths to be self-evident … , and most Americans have no idea why things just don’t seem to be working the way they should. Every day we observe bits and pieces of our society being dismantled, and the awful truth is that it is happening from within ourselves.

Whoever you are, white, black, or any place between, you are either part of the problem or part of the solution. Regardless of what you do, whom you see, or how you relate, you will be and are being directly affected in your home, in your schools, in your job and in your total community by the success or failure of racial harmony. Understanding why America is losing the Race To Excellence is essential if we are to correct this errant missile of America the beautiful. And each individual is the key.

More importantly, understanding our role in the area of race relations and how it affects our communities and ourselves is an essential ingredient in success in our jobs, our marriages, our schools, and relationships with others within our world. Understanding this area is not that difficult, but we need to be open and honest with each other: you will find that openness and honesty within these pages. So come with me and relax, as we unearth the glories and pitfalls (we call them Roadblocks) on the road during our Race To Excellence.

Use and Misuse of Words

(Basic support of the problem)

Before we begin our trek toward unraveling the Race To Excellence of which we speak, one primary fact should be made perfectly clear: when our founding fathers introduced the United States of America to the world with the words, We hold these truths to be self evident … and proceeded to continue to enslave black Americans, the result was obviously inconsistent with liberty and justice. Many of us place all those men who represented the nation into one bag; that is unfortunate, because what many of us don’t seem to understand is that the founding of our great nation was introduced by two groups of people with two conflicting ideologies. The pseudo-founders simply wanted to set up the same old shop in a new land. Their objective was framed in a race to power; in other words, they sought to continue the same old way of life, but with new leaders—them.

One might wish to compare them to the real Founding Fathers (I’ll talk more about the two groups in chapter four, … To Be Self-Evident). The real founders’ thinking was designed to enhance the human race: their objective was to provide a safe haven for any person from anywhere in the world, so that he could worship or not worship, work or not work, lead or follow, according to the dictates of his mind and soul. They believed that in such a place liberty would be the byword.

The problem was that they only considered themselves and people like them when they thought of a person who would desire to exist in a society among free people. Their primary thinking was to produce a society where the basic structure was a limit on the power of the government and an emphasis on individual rights. They knew that a society such as that would produce a place where each person could prosper, or fail to prosper, based upon the results of his effort consistent with the laws of supply and demand.

The advent of a nation that existed as a society of free men supported by objective laws and administered by their peers was something new and revolutionary.

Did they think of the black man as being a person? Apparently, they did not. How about the woman? Obviously, they did not. And how about race-relations, what might they have considered regarding that inevitable problem? Is it possible they thought in terms of, not race, but one nation under God, with liberty and justice for all? That may seem far-fetched, but give that thought some consideration, if you will.

Meanwhile, keep in mind, that in all the other societies, people were not really free, and in any society that is not free, or that is not ruled by the people, race-relations has virtually no place, and is no problem.

Also keep in mind that race-relations, specifically racial harmony, is essential to the successful and optimum progressive functioning of a free society such as the one envisioned by the Founding Fathers. The reason is that rather than divert energies to concerns of how people feel, how they are abused, or how they are not an equal beneficiary or participant; those energies can be directed toward advancing productivity, technology, discoveries, inventions, and the like. However, there was no way for them to be aware of that fact.

In the beginning, there was no such term as race-relations, and the problem, as such, was non-existent; in fact, everything imaginable took a back seat to the simple act of survival: the act of protecting oneself from the most extreme bodily harm, which brings us to words again.

One of the most oft quoted lines of error in history is, Sticks and stones may break my bones, but names (words) will never hurt me. As a child, many of us remember hearing that phrase many, many times. It was almost always used as a response to being called a negative name, like stupid or ugly.

The phrase was designed to express the idea that, If you hit me it might hurt, but calling me nasty names will have no effect on me.

The first part of that statement can easily be validated; however, the second part is far from the truth: words affect the emotions, words control people’s minds, and when a person’s mind is controlled, all else about the person will follow as a matter of course. That is the reason a much more appropriate phrase is, The pen is mightier than the sword.

Words not only can and do hurt, but it is far easier to heal a physical hurt than it is to heal a mental or emotional hurt. More importantly, a physical scar is usually on its own, it may look awful, but it generally does not affect other areas of a person’s physical anatomy. However, a mental scar is generally unseen by others and the individual, and it seldom, if ever, stands on its own. It always affects other mental activities, and quite often it effects how a person responds to physical activities as well.

The reason reference is being made in the matter of words versus sticks and stones is that part of our problem in race relations is images; that is, what happens is not terribly important; rather, how we perceive what happens is what affects us and moves us to action or inaction.

How perception transforms itself into action, from serenely tranquil to grotesquely violent, and every station on the road from one to the other, is determined in large part by words and how we use them.

The words in this book represent the product of a fed up black person. Me. Why am I fed-up? I am fed-up because black people are being abused, misused, mistreated, and misinformed. And who pray-tell is doing this abusing, misusing, mistreating and misinforming? Some people believe the real culprit might be black people themselves. The strange thing is, many black Americans are achieving successes never imagined just a few short years ago, and at the same time many other black Americans are sinking into greater and greater streams of despair. One would think that if things are bad they would be bad for everyone, and if good they would be good for everyone; such has not been the case, especially for black Americans. Why the difference? We will explore that inconsistency with precision as well as simplicity; we think you will be surprised and enlightened with the answer.

Meanwhile consider this: many of our black leaders not only are not producing victories, they are supporting failures with excuses. The people who buy into the excuses continue to produce failure; the people that see through the cloud of error often move to a higher realm and successfully resume their pursuit of happiness. The question we need to answer is what causes such a disparity between the haves and the have-nots. As we gather momentum in our Race to Excellence, you will find the answers here, and we think they will be starkly evident to you.

Meanwhile, let me state a belief that apparently is arguable among some groups: No race of people is superior or inferior to any other; however, take any race of people out of their natural habitat and they may temporarily appear to be different or inferior because of the difficulty of adjusting to a new environment. There is little doubt as to the validity of that statement; however, I welcome any reputable evidence to the contrary.

For example, I believe it will not be denied that the Anglo-Saxons (Caucasians) are a fine race of people, and have done something (positive) for the civilization of mankind, yet (most of us) do not know that this now grand and leading race was in bondage and abject slavery for ages upon their own native soil. They were not stolen away from their own country in small numbers, where they could make no resistance to their enslavers, but were enslaved in their own country. Nevertheless, as history now attests, that condition was only temporary. (For further discussion, see Appendix B—Frederick Douglass’ speech)

However, the question is, How long is ‘temporary’? And how is it that many foreigners come to this country, and continue to do so, and not only make the adjustment, but become wealthy in the process. In addition, how long does it take those foreigners who, in many cases, are readily identifiable by the fact that they have a great deal of difficulty speaking our language?

Again, the question arises, How long is temporary (for them)? Would it surprise you to hear the answer? Less than a generation! in fact, according to some experts, in many instances, less than a decade.³

How can this be? could it be that they arrive on the shores of the promised land with the idea that they can succeed (positive attitude). And could it be that their strong suit is that they are not hampered with the problems presented by the use and misuse of (negative) ideas represented by words.

Oppressive system, oppressors, politicalprisoners, supremacy, exploitation. What do those words and phrases mean to blacks? And what do those same words and phrases mean to non-blacks? Do blacks and non-blacks view those words and phrases differently? Do people of differing economic and/or cultural status view the same words and phrases differently? The answer is that the meaning and image captured in the mind of the holder differs based on perception, experience, environment, desire, and objectivity. The one word they do not use is the strongest of the negatives—fear: ⁴ we’ll talk more about that later.

Strangely, our misleaders are clothed in different garb: Many of them use such words in an effort to insure black Americans don’t lose huge amounts of money on race-specific federal programs, others use the words to develop or maintain power for themselves. Either way the result is the same: a drain of power from the people that need their help the most, and words are the most potent weapons we possess in our march along the road to freedom and/or subjugation.

There are various kinds of Roadblocks; however, the fact is that the use and misuse of words can cause and/or perpetuate Roadblocks to progress, and Roadblocks cause confusion because they are not fair, and they are not in the best interest of our nation as a whole, or any segment of the nation. We will highlight the ones that continue to affect our society, we will also provide a touch that caresses the real state of being in such a manner that they need not be feared, and can be enthusiastically endorsed as being worthy of intense discussions. Identification of Roadblocks and their effect on the American psyche is the first step in eradicating the residual effects that they have produced in our society.

Now that you have some idea where I’m coming from, there is one more item I would like to project: hopefully, you are properly warmed to our topic; nevertheless, I think a proper introduction should include divulging how the subject will be handled. So, without further ado let us do that, and then we will immediately begin our Race to Excellence.

Introduction

(How our topic will be handled)

The idea that race-relations is a complex and serious matter is undeniably true: it is one of the most contentious problems facing our nation today. Complex—serious—contentious—problem: ooh, don’t those words suggest discussions that host adversarial or confrontational genies? certainly they do, and for that reason many people are fearful of talking with a person of another race; in fact, many of them even avoid talking about race among their friends and contemporaries. However, we are going to pull together the idea that conversations about race-relations don’t have to be so complex or so serious as to avoid informative and relaxing discussions.

With the above in mind, we are going to lighten up, we are going to get down, and we are going to illustrate that race-relations discussions need not be tense or agonizing.

The fact is, they can be enlightening as well as relaxing, but only if one does not think of the subject as an area to be feared or avoided. Incidentally, on the road to unveiling a number of racial pitfalls in our Race to Excellence, I trust the reader will attempt to provide soul-satisfying solutions to the problems I refer to as Roadblocks. In so doing, I hope to share in numerous items of interest and debate.

Now then, with your indulgence and participation, my coverage of this oftentimes touchy subject may just invigorate you. One bit of warning though: some of the invective revelations may also infuriate you.

For example, if one were to say, In 1776, our Founding Fathers didn’t discover a nation, they invented one, and the reason they did it was to provide black men everywhere with a place of refuge during times of peril, you might be the first to say Outrageous! And you are probably right, the statement is outrageous; however, the validity of it may just depend upon your point of view.

Hi! First and foremost, I am an American, and yes, I am Black with a capital B. I was born in the south and I am the product of parents, who, fortunately for me, were unusually concerned about my awareness of the world around me, plus both were intelligent, and both possessed an entrepreneurial spirit.

Unfortunately, simply because of the color of their skin, neither of them enjoyed the fruits of their labor consistent with their desires and ability. However, one thing they did not subject themselves or others to was the victim mentality that is so prevalent in the black community.⁵ That is one reason they were successful in their pursuit of excellence in their chosen professions. Both of them were gifted, and they loved producing outstanding quality and distinction in their selected fields of endeavor.

They were not unlike other Americans, both black and non-black, that possess that itch to produce the best within them, and they did indeed produce artistic results. However, neither of them quite fit the black stereotype: that is, generally, blacks are perceived as being physically gifted, we supposedly are great dancers, we are great athletes, we are great performers, and we are non-stop sex machines.

No need to actually possess those traits, all a black person need do is be black, and many, many people will view him or her in that light with great expectations.

On the other hand, when it comes to intellect, so goes the perception, blacks take a back seat to other races.

How do blacks respond to this perception, and what are the facts? Could it be that black Americans (in the trenches) agree with their antagonists; that is, could it be they believe they really are intellectually inferior to white Americans? Most black Americans will tell you otherwise; at the same time they will gleefully point to supposedly superior physical attributes in an effort to balance the scales of justice. One must admit, it is an interesting point of view. I will address that viewpoint in chapter X (Our Great Title is American).

Incidentally, those of us who know better say, hogwash on both counts!

But, how about ‘The Bell Curve?’⁶ the man says. Didn’t the authors of that book prove their point?

Interesting question … and one well worth addressing; in fact, address it I shall … in due time. However, now is not the time; for now, let us talk about this book.

The objective of Race to Excellence is, in a strong and positive manner, to develop the basic ingredients of liberty and justice for all among all Americans. The result the author envisions is to help each and every American be the best he or she can be, especially black Americans. The author believes, as did the great American, Frederick Douglass, the destiny of the black American, is the destiny of America. However, you will note, this book is not strictly for, nor is it strictly about black Americans: it is for truth, it is for positive progress, and it is for a unified and productive America. With the help of reason and statistics, we will prove beyond a shadow of doubt that government entitlements for one group of people at the expense of others is anathema to liberty and justice for all Americans.

One thing on which the author would like to preface the readers admittance into the inner sanctum of this tome is: this is a book that can be read and re-read, and each time, a new offering can be assembled in the reader’s mind. In other words, the reader might want to read the entire book and then re-read it, I think this will aid the reader in truly obtaining the essence of the offering. Why might this be done? Because some casual observers may look at this book simply as a slap at the basic premise of The Bell Curve. It is that, only it is much more.

Some readers may view this book as a brief view of history with little substance. It is a brief view of selected segments of history, yet it is not intended to be a history book. Also, the intent is not necessarily to provide historical substance, yet I do intend to entertain historical accuracy.

Incidentally, one reader suggested we handle the history items within one chapter and dispense with it. After due consideration, I determined it would break the continuity and make it much more difficult to show the unified struggle by our ancestors, as well as ourselves, that I am seeking to unveil. Plus, I am also seeking to support the fact that however far we have come, we did it together, and however far we will go, we will progress much quicker and with greater substance if we do it together with liberty and justice for all. The fact is, in our Race to Excellence, both black and non-black Americans struggled horrifically; yet, simultaneously and with arm in arm, albeit with some degree of reluctance to be sure; however, also with a degree of success. In my mind, to consolidate the historical portion into one chapter would break the continuity and spoil the overall objective of this work.

Some readers may view Race To Excellence as a monument to the Founding Fathers and their ideas. It is that and more.

Some readers may view the contents as an excuse for black failure. Excuses are anathema to the author; however, the reader will find legitimate reasons for black behavior, accompanied by various levels of failure to perform with excellence. That is not unexpected; in fact, all manner of failure might be expected by anyone, after such an extended period of time of sub-par attitude and unrewarding treatment by his peers and others.

I could continue in this vein, because before the work was published, there were numerous takes on this book by readers of the manuscript; those comments made it obvious that there will be a plethora of views emanating from it.

The point is, this book will do what I intend as stated in this Introduction. One thing more before turning you loose on the body of Race To Excellence: facts and truth are not necessarily synonymous entities; nevertheless, the facts that appear herein are undeniable. The sources for each of them are numerous and varied.

I relied a great deal on the research performed by authors of the books that appear in the bibliography and I thank them with all my gratuitous emotions. Especially helpful were items from Racism Or Attitude, The Oxford History of The American People, Afro-American History: Primary Sources, Before The Mayflower, A History of The Negro in America, No More Lies: The Myth and the Reality of American History, and The Gift of Black Folk: The Negroes in the Making of America.

Each of those books are excellent in the area in which we have found ourselves entrenched; however, for the most part they do not highlight the impact of power on the area of liberty. Keep in mind now, the possession of power emanates from the ability to take action and the desire to make decisions, even if the decisions are error-ridden.

conversely, the lack of power results from the refusal to address decisions, and the refusal to take action and get involved in the process. In the area of race relations, this matter of power becomes extremely complicated, and when it comes to black Americans, Roadblocks have made it difficult and sometimes even hazardous to assume power.

Even without Roadblocks, one might consider the fact that any race of people whisked out of their natural habitat, and taken to a foreign land, would naturally be powerless—at least temporarily. In addition, they might temporarily appear to be different or inferior because of the difficulty of adjusting to a new environment. With Roadblocks in place, obstacles to racial harmony often seem insurmountable.

Right this minute many of you are thinking, But blacks have had several hundred years to adjust to this ‘new environment,’ how do you account for … ? Whatever the reference, and in nearly every case, the answer is Roadblocks!

The dictionary defines a roadblock as A barricade or obstruction across a road set up by the police to prevent the escape of a fugitive, or by the military to prevent the passage of enemy troops. Also, it could mean, any obstruction in a road, as a fallen tree or rocks.⁷

Note that in the first definition the assumption is that the good guys are the initiators against the bad guys. To look at it another way, one might see, the establishment (police and military) against the anti-establishment (crooks and foreign invaders).

The second definition is more objective because it addresses an obstruction to progress (of a traveler). In other words, in the former definition the roadblock is viewed as being in our best interest, that is, the best interest of America and Americans. In the latter case it is viewed as being not in our best interest.

Throughout this book, the Roadblocks to which I refer are not in our best interest; in fact, they are ugly, they are rigid and they are regressive in nature. But more than that, they have led to frustration and either submission and/or violence; both are counter-productive.

Submission is counter-productive because it is the result of a drain on