Python for Beginners
By Jo Foster
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About this ebook
- Download and install the python interpreter
- Setup your development environment
- Get started with python code and syntax
- Use variables
- Use data types such as integers, strings, lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries
- Use different operators for arithmetic, assignment and Boolean operations
- Use selection statements such as if and elif
- Use iteration statements such as for and while loops
- How to read from and write to files
- Create your own functions
- Handle program exceptions
- Create simple graphic user interfaces using Python tkinter module
- Create simple games using the PyGame module.
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Book preview
Python for Beginners - Jo Foster
What is Python?
Python is a high level language developed by Guido van Rossum in the late 1980s and is used in web development, scientific applications, gaming, AI, and is well suited to education for teaching computer programming.
Python is designed to be an easily readable language. Therefore, it uses an uncluttered formatting style, and often uses English keywords where other languages use a symbol.
Python is an interpreted programming language, meaning Python programs are written in a text editor and then put through a Python interpreter to be executed.
Python is used in the field of artificial intelligence and can be found in many day-to-day applications. Streaming services such as Spotify use Python for data analysis, particularly user’s listening habits in order to offer suggestions on which artist to follow, other music a particular user might be interested in and so on. Python is also used within Netflix’s machine-learning algorithms for recommending relevant content to users, monitoring browsing habits, and marketing.
In the world of games development, Python is used as a companion language, meaning Python scripts are used to add customizations to the core gaming engine, script AI behaviours, or server side elements. The performance of Python isn’t fast enough for coding graphics intensive, higher end games, however you can create simple games with Python using the pygame module.
Python is used in web development and allows a web developer to develop dynamic web apps very quickly.
Python is a multi platform language and is available for Windows, MacOS, Linux and the Raspberry Pi.
To start coding, you’ll need a computer - either Windows, MacOS or Linux, and an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) with the Python interpreter.
Setting Up
Before we start writing programs, we need to set up our development environment. In our lab, we’re using windows workstations, so we’ll need to install the Python Development Environment for Windows.
Open your web browser and navigate to the following website
www.python.org/downloads/windows
From the downloads page, select the ‘executable installer’ of latest stable release.
Click ‘run’ when prompted by your browser. Or click ‘python-x.x.x-amd64.exe’ if you’re using Chrome.
Once the installer starts, make sure ‘add python 3.x to path’ is selected, then click ‘customize installation’ to run through the steps to complete the installation.
Make sure you select all the tick boxes for all the optional features.
Click ‘next’.
Make sure ‘install for all users’ is selected at the top of the dialog box. Click ‘install’ to begin.
Click ‘disable path length limit’ to make sure Python runs smoothly on Windows and allow long file names.
Click ‘close’ to finish the installation.
You’ll find the Python Development Environment (IDLE) and the Python interpreter, in the Python folder on your start menu.
To write our programs, we’ll use IDLE Python. This is Python’s integrated development environment.
Here, you can write your code in the editor then execute & debug your code. You’ll also notice the code editor provides syntax highlighting meaning keywords and text are highlighted in different colours, making code easier to read.
The Basics
Python programs are written in a text editor, such as Notepad, PyCharm, or the code editor in Python’s development environment (IDLE), and saved with a .py file extension.
You then use the Python interpreter to execute the code saved in the file.
Lets start at the very