Pathways to Low-Carbon Development for Viet Nam

By Asian Development Bank

Viet Nam has had rapid economic growth in recent years, but this growth has been energy-dependent, even as the energy system has become more carbon intensive. This study uses a bottom-up model to evaluate 63 measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from household electricity, industry, power generation, and transport. It finds potential for emissions reduction by 53% in 2050, and that much of this reduction can occur at low or negative financial costs. Moreover, these measures are found to ultimately lead to faster and more inclusive economy-wide growth. Policy measures are identified to help realize the modeled potential.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Asian Development Bank
• Release date: Dec 1, 2017
• ISBN: 9789292610579

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PATHWAYS TO LOW-CARBON DEVELOPMENT FOR VIET NAM

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)

© 2017 Asian Development Bank

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Some rights reserved. Published in 2017.

Printed in the Philippines.

ISBN 978-92-9261-056-2 (print), 978-92-9261-057-9 (electronic)

Publication Stock No. TCS179192-2

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS179192-2

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Notes:

In this publication, $ refers to US dollars.

ADB recognizes China as the People’s Republic of China, Vietnam as Viet Nam, and Hanoi as Ha Noi.

CONTENTS

TABLES AND FIGURES

FOREWORD

Viet Nam will be strongly affected by the consequences of unmitigated climate change. As one of the first countries to ratify the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Government of Viet Nam has also long displayed commitment to doing its part to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Viet Nam was also one of the first countries to ratify the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, building on the Governments repeated support for an international climate agreement that aims to contain global warming to 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels. Viet Nam’s Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement aims for 8% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 relying solely on domestic resources, and targets 25% reduction if sufficient international support is provided.

The Government of Viet Nam has implemented an array of national programs to help reduce the carbon intensity of growth. The 2008 National Target Program to respond to Climate Change developed an array of mitigation and adaptation measures. Subsequently, the 2011 National Climate Change Strategy focuses on more use of advanced energy technologies, improved energy efficiency, increased use of public transport and cleaner transport fuels, and afforestation. The 2012 Green Growth Strategy aims to reduce GHG emissions by up to 2% annually over the long term, and identifies 66 actions to do so. The 8th Socio-Economic Development Plan (SEDP) for 2016–2020 also commits the country to increase renewable energy generation.

This study aligns closely with the Governments policy objectives and illustrates how important goals of the Nationally Determined Contribution and Green Growth Strategy can be achieved. This research has been conducted in close coordination among experts from the Ministry of Planning and Investment, the Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM), the Institute of Energy, the Transport Development and Strategy Institute, the World Bank, the United Nations Development Program, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and international scholars. During study conduct, experts from Viet Nam benefited from a range of capacity building events on modeling of mitigation policies and potential.

The main message of the study is that Viet Nam may achieve substantial greenhouse gas emissions reduction at low cost if