"1683-1920"

By Frederick Franklin Schrader

""1683-1920"" by Frederick Franklin Schrader. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Good Press
• Release date: Nov 22, 2019
• ISBN: 4057664634566

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Frederick Franklin Schrader

1683-1920

Published by Good Press, 2022

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EAN 4057664634566

Table of Contents

PREFACE

Allied Nations in the War.

Alsace-Lorraine.

Americans Not An English People.

Americans Saved from Mexican Mob at Tampico by German Cruiser "Dresden.

Armstadt, Major George.

American School Children and Foreign Propaganda.

American School Children and English Propaganda.

Astor, John Jacob.

Titled Americans.

Atrocities.

Bancroft, George—Treaty with Germany—Vancouver Boundary Line.

Baralong.

Berliner, Emile.

The Boers—England’s Record of Infamy.

Illegal, Ineffective and Indefensible Blockades.

Brest-Litovsk Treaty.

Bombing Maternity Hospitals.

Creel and the Sisson Documents.

Cromberger, Johann.

Custer, General George A.

Cavell, Edith.

Concord Society, The.

Christiansen, Hendrick.

DeKalb.

Declaration of Independence.

Dorsheimer, Hon. William.

Dutch and German.

Dual Citizenship.

Earling, Albert J.

Eckert, Thomas.

Eliot, Prof. Charles W.

England Plundered American Commerce in Our Civil War.

English Tribute to Germany’s Lofty Spirit.

Election of 1916 and the League of Nations Covenant.

English Opinion of Prussians in 1813-15.

Espionage Act, Vote on.

Exports and Imports to and from the Belligerent Countries,1914.

Under the Espionage Act—A Chapter of Persecution.

England Threatens the United States.

France’s Friendship for the United States.

Benjamin Franklin.

Frederick the Great and the American Colonies.

The Fourteen Points.

Fritchie, Barbara.

First Germans in Virginia.

First German Newspapers.

German Americans in Art, Science and Literature.

German-American Captains of Industry.

The German American Vote.

The German Element in American Life.

Germany and England During the Civil War.

Germans in Civil War.

Germans in the Confederate Army.

Germantown Settlement.

Why Germany Strengthened Her Army, Told by Asquith.

Hagner, Peter.

Hartford Convention, The.

Hempel.

New York Herald Urges Hanging of German Americans.

Hereshoffs and Cramps.

Herkimer, General Nicholas.

The Hessians.

Hillegas, Michael.

House, Col. E. M.

The Humanity of War.

Illiteracy.

Immigration.

Indians, Tories and the German Settlements.

Inventions.

English View of Paul Jones.

Jefferson on English Hyphenates and English Perfidy.

Jefferson’s Tribute to German Immigration.

Kultur" in Brief Statistical Form.

Knobel, Caspar.

Know Nothing or American Party.

Koerner, Gustav.

Kudlich, Dr. Hans, the Peasant Emancipator.

Langlotz, Prof. C. A.

Lehman, Philip Theodore.

Lehmann, Frederick William.

Leisler, Jacob.

Lieber, Francis.

Light Horse Harry Lee.

Lincoln of German Descent.

Leutze, Eugene Henry Cozzens.

Long, Francis L.

Ludwig, Christian.

Liberty Loan Subscriptions.

Ideals of Liberty.

Marix, Adolph.

Massachusetts Bay Colony Contained Germans.

Massow, Baron Von.

McNeill, Walter S.

Memminger, Christoph Gustav.

Mergenthaler, Ottmar.

Military Establishments of Warring Nations.

Minuit, or Minnewit, Peter.

Morgan, J. Pierpont.

Missouri, How Kept in the Union.

Muhlenberg, Frederick August.

Muhlenberg, Heinrich Melchior.

Muhlenberg, Johann Gabriel Peter.

Nagel, Charles.

Nast, Thomas.

National Security League.

Neutrality—The Best Practices of Nations.

New Ulm Massacre.

Lord Northcliffe Controls American Papers.

Osterhaus, Peter Joseph.

Palatine Declaration of Independence.

Franz Daniel Pastorius and German, Dutch and English Colonization.

Propaganda in the United States.

Pitcher, Molly.

Press Attacks in Congress.

Pathfinders.

Poison Gas.

Penn, William.

Pilgrim Society.

Quitman, Johan Anton.

Representation in Congress, 1779-1912.

Rhodes’ Secret Will and Scholarships, Carnegie Peace Fund and Other Pan-Anglican Influences.

Ringling, Al.

Rittenhouse, David.

Roebling, John August.

Rassieur, Leo.

Roosevelt, Col. Theodore.

Roosevelt and Taft Praise the Kaiser as an Agent of Peace.

Scraps of Paper.

Schleswig-Holstein.

Submarine Sinkings of Enemy Merchant Ships.

Schurz, Carl.

Scheffauer, Herman George.

Schell, Johann Christian and His Wife.

Schley, Winfield Scott.

Steinmetz, Charles P.

Sauer, Christopher.

Starving Germany.

Steuben, Baron Frederick William von.

Sulphur King, Herman Frasch.

Sutter, the Romance of the California Pioneer.

Swordmaker of the Confederacy.

Tolstoy on American Liberty.

Commercial Treaty with Germany and How it Was Observed.

Villard, Henry.

Vote on War in Congress.

War of 1870-71.

War Lies Repudiated by British Press.

Washington’s Bodyguard.

Washington’s Tribute.

Weiser, Conrad.

Wetzel, Lou.

Wirt, William.

Wirtz, Captain H., of Andersonville Prison.

Wistar, Caspar.

Zane, Elizabeth.

Ziegler, David, Revolutionary Soldier and Indian Fighter.

Zenger, John Peter, and the Freedom of the Press.

PREFACE

Table of Contents

With the ending of the war many books will be released dealing with various questions and phases of the great struggle, some of them perhaps impartial, but the majority written to make propaganda for foreign nations with a view to rendering us dissatisfied with our country and imposing still farther upon the ignorance, indifference and credulity of the American people.

The author’s aim in the following pages has been to provide a book of ready reference on a multitude of questions which have been raised by the war. It is strictly American in that it seeks to educate those who need education in the truth about American institutions and national problems.

A blanket indictment has been found against a whole race. That race comprises upward of 26 per cent. of the American people and has been a stalwart factor in American life since the middle of the seventeenth century. This indictment has been found upon tainted evidence. As is shown in the following pages, a widespread propaganda has been, and is still, at work to sow the seeds of discord and sedition in order to reconcile us to a pre-Revolutionary political condition. This propaganda has invaded our public schools, and cannot be more effectively combatted than by education.

The contingency that the book may be decried as German propaganda has no terrors for the author, and has not deterred him from his purpose to deal with facts from an angle that has not been popular during the past five years. What is here set down is a statement of facts, directed not against institutions, but men. Men come and go; institutions endure if they are rooted in the hearts of the people.

The author believes in the sacredness and perpetuity of our institutions. He believes in the great Americans of the past, and in American traditions. He is content to have his Americanism measured by any standard applied to persons who, like Major George Haven Putnam, feel prompted to apologize to their English friends for the treason of 1776, or who pass unrebuked and secretly condone the statement of former Senator James Hamilton Lewis, that the Constitution is an obsolete instrument.

Statements of fact may be controverted; they cannot be disproved by an Espionage Act, however repugnant their telling may sound to the stagnant brains of those who have been uninterruptedly happy because they were spared the laborious process of thinking for themselves throughout the war, or that not inconsiderable host which derives pleasure and profit from keeping alive the hope of one day seeing their country reincorporated with the mother country—the mother country of 30 per cent. of the American people.

It is to arouse the patriotic consciousness of a part of the remaining 70 per cent. that this compilation of political and historical data has been undertaken.

European issues and questions have been included in so far only as they exercised a bearing on American affairs, or influenced and shaped public opinion, prejudice and conclusions. To the extent that they serve the cause of truth they are entitled to a place in these pages.

THE AUTHOR.

New York City, January, 1920.

Allied Nations in the War.

Table of Contents

Allied Nations in the War.—The following countries were at war with Germany at the given dates:

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The following countries broke off diplomatic relations with Germany:

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Alsace-Lorraine.

Table of Contents

Alsace-Lorraine.—Dr. E.J. Dillon, the distinguished political writer and student of European problems, in a remarkable article printed long before the end of the war, called attention to the general misunderstanding that prevails regarding Alsace-Lorraine. He said that the two houses of the Legislature in Strasburg made a statement through their respective speakers which, however skeptically it may be received by the allied countries, is thoroughly relied upon by Germany as a deciding factor in the vexatious question affecting those provinces.

The president of the second chamber, Dr.Ricklin (former mayor of Dammerkirch, then occupied by the French), declared solemnly in the presence of the Stadthalter that the two provinces, while desiring modification of their status within the German empire, also desired their perpetuation of their present union with it.... The people of Alsace-Lorraine in its overwhelming majority did not desire war, and therefore did not desire this war. What it strove for was the consummation of its political status in the limits of its dependence upon the German empire, and that settled, to resume its peaceful avocations. In this respect the war has changed nothing in our country. We make this confession aloud and before all the world. May it be everywhere heard, and may peace be speedily vouchsafed us.

The speaker of the First Chamber, Dr.Hoeffel, continues Dr.Dillon, also made a pronouncement of a like tenor, of which this is the pith: ‘Alsace-Lorraine particularly has felt how heavily the war presses upon us all, but selfless sacrifice is here, too, taken for granted. Our common task has knit the imperial provinces more closely together than before, and has also drawn more tightly their links with the German Empire.’

Under date of January17, 1917, Mayor North, of Detweiler, was quoted in the press of that day: Alsace-Lorraine needs no liberator. After the war, I am confident, it will know how to guard its interests without the interference of any foreign power. The sons of the country have not bled and died in vain for Germany.

North is of old Alsatian stock, as is also Former Secretary Petri of Alsace, who said, when the issue of the war was still undecided: In view of the military situation, the reply of the Entente to President Wilson’s peace note is simply grotesque. It could hardly have used other words if the French were in Strasburg, Metz, Mayence, etc.

At the National Congress of United Socialists, March24, 1913, Gustave Herve (quoting a dispatch from Brest to the New York Times of the day following), declared, Alsace was German in race and civilization, and had been an ancient possession of Germany. One of the provinces naturally belonged to Germany and the other to France.

Francis de Pressense, ex-deputy, declared: Time has done its work. Alsace-Lorraine no longer wants to return to French rule.

The last election to the Reichstag before the war showed that only 157,000 out of a total vote of 417,000 voted for protesting candidates, while 260,000 voted as Germans, not as separatists.

Though forced to live several generations under French rule, it must be observed that the people of Alsace-Lorraine never ceased to be Germans. The proper mother tongue of a people is that in which it prays. The most distinguished Catholic pulpit orator of Alsace in the last century, Abbe Muhe, who died in 1865, was able only once in his life to bring himself to preach in French; and Canon Gazeau, of Strasburg Cathedral, published in 1868 an Essai sur la conversation de la langue Allemagne en Alsace, in which, in the interest of religion and morals, he energetically resisted the attempt to extirpate German speech.

The population of Alsace, with the exception of the rich and comfortable, in its thoughts, words and feeling was thoroughly German. In a petition which was addressed in1869 to the Emperor Napoleon by people of German Lorraine, we read as follows: O,sir! How many fathers and mothers of families who earn their bread in the sweat of their brow impose upon themselves the pious but none the less heavy duty of teaching their children the catechism in German by abridging in the winter evenings their own needful hours of sleep.

In 1869 a radical journal was established by prominent republicans of Muhlhausen in the interest of propagating agitation against the French empire among the laboring people. This paper appeared only in the German language, and justified this course in the following words: Because the majority, yes, the very large majority, of the Alsatian people is German in thought, in feeling, in speech; receives its religious instruction in German; loves and lives according to German usages, and will not forget the German language.

The boundary established in 1871 was the true national and racial boundary, which had been destroyed by LouisXIV when Germany, after the Thirty Years War, was too weak to defend it, but which remained the boundary in the hearts of those on both sides until the French Revolution, when executions, deportations and process of ruthless extermination finally broke the spirit of resistance in the population and made it succumb in order to save itself from extinction.

The attempt of the French to control the Rhine regions, though continued for centuries, has been a failure. To one who has been through the documents, writes Raymond D.B. Cahill, in The Nation for July26, 1919, an astounding thing is the French picture of their former experience in ruling the Rhinelands. The student of that period sees little which should encourage the French to attempt a repetition of that experiment. Indeed, he is impressed with the futility of the nation’s attempt to absorb a people of quite different culture. Although dealing with a people still unawakened by German patriotism, the French found eighteenth century Rhinelanders so different, so attached to their own customs and religion, that it took many years to overcome their resistance.

It will again require the guillotine, the firebrand and the methods of violence employed during the French revolution to convert Alsace-Lorraine into a French possession. France has decisively declined to submit the question of the annexation to a plebiscite. The beautiful dream about the redemption of our lost sons has proved a delusion; hundreds of thousands of citizens have been transported by France in order to blot out the appearance that there was discontent. Abbe Wetterlé, once a member of the German Reichstag, and one of the leaders of the pro-French movement, in his lectures, compiled in his book, Ce qu était l’Alsace-Lorraine et ce quelle cera; l’edition Francaise illustrée, Paris, 1915, said: Soldiers who had participated in the battles of 1914 and had invaded Alsace-Lorraine, returned painfully disappointed. They reported, and their stories agreed in establishing them as reliable, that the civil population of the annexed provinces had betrayed them in the most outrageous manner.

General Rapp, a descendant of Napoleon’s famous marshal, whose family has been a resident of the province for 600 years, in a manifesto signed by him as a member of the Executive Committee of the Republic of Alsace-Lorraine, and addressed to Sir James Eric Drummond, general secretary of the League of Nations, says: We, the representatives of the sovereign people of Alsace-Lorraine, protest in the name of our people against the systematic ruin of our homeland. The French government has usurped the sovereignty of Alsace-Lorraine. The sovereign people of Alsace-Lorraine was not consulted concerning the constitutional status of the future. We, representing our people, personifying its sovereignty, assume the right to speak for the interests of the people of Alsace-Lorraine before the League of Nations. We are standing today at the parting of the ways in our history. The hour has come when the people are asking, ‘Shall it be revolution or self-determination?’ Before that question is decided we appeal to the good sense of the world, which must know that until the Alsace-Lorraine question is solved beyond the limits of our country, two great nations will never know peace.

This manifesto, dated Basel, August25, 1919, informs the world that millions of francs were taken out of the treasury of the French government to finance the reception committee of President Poincare and Premier Clemenceau in every city in Alsace-Lorraine, and for the payment of agents to inflame manifestations of joy, finding vent in shouts of Vive la France; that wagonloads of decorations for the receptions, French flags, banners and torches and Alsatian costumes especially manufactured in Paris, were imported for the occasion.

The meager dispatches which reach the public in spite of the iron hand of suppression which is wielded in Alsace-Lorraine teem with accounts of anti-French demonstrations and the arrest and deportation of citizens. The police in October were reported exercising a hectic energy in searching houses in Strasburg; all business houses were directed to discharge their German employes, by order of Commissary General Millerand. Hundreds of persons were arrested in Rombach, Hagendingen and Diedenhoefen. The people were taken in automobiles to Metz, and after passing the night in the citadel, were deported over the bridge at Kehl the next day.

A dispatch of October27, 1919, says: Another trainload of wounded Frenchmen has arrived at the main station at Mayence. They are said to come from the Saar Valley and Alsace-Lorraine. It is reported of the revolt in the Saar that the men sang, ‘We will triumph over France and die for Germany.’ The band which played ‘Die Wacht am Rhein’ and ‘Deutschland Ueber Alles’ was subjected to a heavy fine, which was immediately paid by a leading industrial, in consequence of which the commandant was relieved of his office. In Sulzbach, on the Saar, the French issued the following proclamation:

‘Every person guilty of uttering shouts or grinning at a passing troop will be arrested and brought before a court martial for insulting the army. Every German official with cap or arm-emblem who refrains from saluting officers will be arrested and after an examination will be released. His name will be reported to general headquarters of the division.’

In the new electoral orders, 30per cent. of the population of Alsace-Lorraine is disfranchised. The voters are divided into three classes, consisting of persons of French birth or pure French extraction; second, of children born of mixed marriages. In this class those only have the franchise who are the sons of French fathers married to German mothers. The third class, consisting of voters having a German father and an Alsatian mother, are completely disfranchised.

France is proceeding in Alsace-Lorraine as the English did in Acadia. The Nation of September6, 1919, indicates the measures in the following article:

Military measures for the punishment of troublesome French citizens of Alsace-Lorraine are quoted in the following extract from L’Humanité of July16:

"Citizen Grumbach spoke on Sunday, before the National Council, of the order issued recently at Strasbourg by M.Millerand, a decree under which any citizen of Alsace-Lorraine who notably appeared to be an element of disorder would be immediately turned over to the military authorities.

"This abominable decree, whose existence Grumbach thus revealed, is now known in its entirety. It is to be found in ‘The Official Bulletin of Upper Alsace,’ No.25, June21, 1919. Its title is ‘Decree Relative to Citizens of Alsace-Lorraine in Renewable Detachment’ (sic). Order is given to the municipalities to draw up lists of citizens of Alsace-Lorraine in renewable detachment.

"And here is what Article2 of this strange decree says:

"1. Every citizen of Alsace-Lorraine whose class has not yet been demobilized in France, and who notably appears to be a disorderly element, shall be immediately, upon the order of the Commandant of the District, arrested by the police and turned over to the military authorities.

"His papers will be sent by the Commandant to the commanding general of the territory, who, after inquiry, will command the return of the arrested man:

"To his old organization if he was a volunteer in the French army;

"To the Alsace-Lorraine depot in Paris if he is a former prisoner of the Allied armies, or a liberated German soldier.

"2. Citizens of Alsace-Lorraine whose class has been demobilized in France.

"Any of these men who notably appears to be a disorderly element shall be arraigned by request of the Commissaries of the Republic before the Commission de Triage under the same classification as undesirable civilian citizens of Alsace-Lorraine.

"Strasbourg, 24 May, 1919.

"Commissary General of the Republic,

A. MILLERAND.

After this, who can be scandalized by the vehement criticisms directed at the National Council by Grumbach, against the state of siege and of arbitrary rule which the Government of the Republic imposes upon Alsace-Lorraine? Does M.Clemenceau, that old libertarian know the decree of Millerand? In any case it is important to know that this decree is not aimed at the Germans residing in Alsace-Lorraine, but at the citizens of Alsace-Lorraine of CategoryA, those indisputably French. Incredible, yet true!

Americans Not An English People.

Table of Contents

Americans Not An English People.—Careful computation made by Prof. Albert B.Faust, of Cornell University, shows that while the English, Scotch and Welsh together constituted 30.2per cent. of the white population of the United States of the whole of 81,731,957, according to the census of1910, the German element, including Hollanders, made up 26.4per cent. of the total, and constituted a close second, the Irish coming next with a percentage of18.6.

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According to this table, more than twenty-six Americans out of every hundred are of German origin and about thirty out of every hundred only are either of English, Scotch or Welsh descent. Recent writers, like Dr.William Griffis, and Douglas Campbell (The Puritan in Holland, England and America) have vigorously disputed the theory that the Americans are an English people. As Prof. Faust shows, only 30.2per cent. of the mixed races of the United States are of English origin, while nearly 70per cent. are of other racial descent. Dr.Griffis wisely declares: We are less an English nation than composite of the Teutonic peoples, and the great American historian, Motley, declared: We are Americans; but yesterday we were Europeans—Netherlanders, Saxons, Normans, Swabians, Celts.

She (England) has a conviction that whatever good there is in us is wholly English, when the truth is that we are worth nothing except as far as we have disinfected ourselves of Anglicism. James Russell Lowell in Study Windows.

Most American authors and all Englishmen who have written on the subject, set out with the theory that the people in the United States are an English race, and that their institutions, when not original, are derived from England. These assumptions underlie all American histories, and they have come to be so generally accepted that to question them seems almost to savor of temerity.... Certainly no intelligent American can study the English people as he does those of the Continent, and then believe that we are of the same race, except as members of the Aryan division of the human family, with the same human nature.—Douglas Campbell. The Puritan in Holland, England and America, ChapterI.

"The Germans were among the earliest and the most numerous of American settlers. The Anglo-Saxons are the acknowledged masters of the earth. The bulk of the early immigrants were of these two stocks. Examine the matter from any angle, and it is apparent that the American people are the direct, immediate descendants of world empire builders.

"The American colonies were all settled by British, French, Germans, Spanish and other inhabitants of the north and west of Europe. The central and western Europeans played no part in the early history of the colonies. Colonial ancestry means the ancestry of the world’s conquering peoples.

"Immigration during most of the nineteenth century was from the same portion of Europe. The immigration records (kept only since 1820) show that between that year and 1840 the immigrants from Europe numbered 594,504, among whom there were 358,994 from the British Isles [including, of course, the Irish—Editor] and 159,215 from Germany, making a total from the two countries of 518,209, or 87 per cent. of the immigrants arriving in the 20-year period. During the next 20years (1840-1860) the total of immigrants from Europe was 4,050,159, of whom the British Isles furnished 2,385,846, and Germany 1,386,392, making for these two countries 95 per cent. of the whole. Even during the 20 years from 1860 to 1880, 82per cent. of the immigrants to the United States from Europe hailed from the British Isles and from Germany. During the most of the nineteenth century European immigration was overwhelmingly British and German.

Nearly nine-tenths of the early immigrants to the United States came from these countries. They and the countries immediately adjoining them furnished practically all of the men and women who settled in North America from the earliest days of colonization down to 1880—the beginning of the last generation. The American race stock is built around the stock of Great Britain and Germany.—Prof. Scott Nearing.

(See "The German Element in American Life," elsewhere.)

Whatever racial prejudice and political bias may attempt to do, philosophers and thinkers know that from the German race emanated the ideals of freedom and personal liberty which is the heritage of the whole world. To that great French thinkers, Montesquieu, Guizot and others have candidly testified, as have Englishmen, such as Hume and Carlyle. In describing the battle of Chalons in his standard work, The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, Prof. E.S. Creasy says:

In order to estimate the full importance of the battle of Chalons we must keep steadily in mind who and what the Germans were and the important distinction between them and the numerous other races that assailed the Roman Empire; and it is to be understood that the Gothic and Scandinavian nations are included in the German race. Now, in two remarkable traits the Germans differed from the Sarmatic as well as from the Slavic nations, and indeed from all those other races to whom the Greeks and Romans gave the designation of barbarians. I allude to their personal freedom and regard for the rights of men; secondly to the respect paid by them to the female sex and the chastity for which the latter were celebrated among the people of the North. These were the foundations of that probity of character, self-respect and purity of manners which may be traced among the Germans and Goths even during pagan times, and which, when their sentiments were enlightened by Christianity, brought out those splendid traits of character which distinguish the age of chivalry and romance. (See Prichard’s Researches Into the Physical History of Man.) What the intermixture of the German stock with the classic, at the fall of the western empire, has done for mankind may be best felt, with Arnold (Arnold’s Lectures on Modern History) over how large a portion of the earth the influence of the German element is now extended.

It affects more or less the whole west of Europe, from the head of the Gulf of Bothnia to the most southern promontory of Sicily, from the Oder and the Adriatic to the Hebrides and to Lisbon. It is true that the language spoken over a large portion of this space is not predominantly German; but even in France and Italy and Spain the influence of the Franks, Burgundians, Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Lombards, while it has colored even the language, has in blood and institutions left its mark legibly and indelibly. Germany, the low countries, Switzerland for the most part, Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and our own islands, are all in language, in blood and institutions, German most decidedly. But all South America is peopled with Spaniards and Portuguese; all North America and Australia with Englishmen. I say nothing of the prospects and influence of the German race in Africa and in India; it is enough to say that half of Europe and all of America and Australia are German, more or less completely, in race, in language, in institutions or inall.

It has been extravagantly modish to distort ethnological facts and set up new gods, but the assailants of the German race have not been able successfully to deny that tremendous influence which has given birth to the free institutions of the world, and there are not wanting among Americans of authority those who have been openly outspoken for the truth. President Garfield in his article on My Experiences as a Lawyer in the North American Review for June, 1887, p.569, observed, alluding to a speech made by him on the death of his friend, Representative Gustav Schleicher of Texas in1879:

We are accustomed to call England our fatherland. It is a mistake; one of the greatest of modern historians writing the history of the English people has said that England is not the fatherland of the English-speaking people, but Germany. I go into that and say, ‘The real fatherland of the people of this country is Germany, and our friend who has fallen came to us direct from our fatherland, and, not, like the rest of us, around by the way of England.’ Then I give a little sketch of German character, and what Carlyle and Montesquieu said, that the British constitution came out of the woods of Germany.

In a like manner Charles E. Hughes, while governor of New York State, in a speech at Mount Vernon in1908, said:

Did you ever think that a very large portion of our people, despite their present distinction of home and birthplace, and even nationality, are descended from those common ancestors who a few years ago lived their life in the German forests? There were nourished the institutions of freedom; and if any one were to point to any place in the world to which, above all, we trace our free institutions, we would point, above all, to the forests of Germany.

Americans Saved from Mexican Mob at Tampico by German Cruiser "Dresden.

Table of Contents

Americans Saved from Mexican Mob at Tampico by German Cruiser Dresden.—The destruction of the little German cruiser Dresden by the British in the neutral waters of Chili, in March, 1915, must call up sentimental memories in the hearts of certain Americans. For it was the gallant little Dresden under command of Capt. von Koehler, that saved the lives of hundreds of American refugees who were surrounded by a bloodthirsty mob of Mexicans at the Southern Hotel, Tampico, Mexico, April21, 1914. These fugitives had gathered from all parts of Mexico, expecting to be protected by the American battleships in Tampico Bay. But by some criminal short-sightedness the American ships were ordered to withdraw, and the Americans at the Southern Hotel were exposed to immediate death by a raging mob, when Capt. von Koehler entered upon the scene and threatened to lay Tampico in ashes if the mob did not disperse in fifteen minutes. He then sent a squad of his blue jackets ashore and extricated the besieged people from their dangerous position. Two American yachts, hoisting the German and English flags, carried the refugees to a place of safety. Capt. von Koehler’s gallantry was publicly acknowledged by Secretary of State Bryan. A special dispatch to the New York Times, dated Galveston, April27, stated that the officers of the battleship ‘Connecticut’ said tonight that but for the action of the men of the German cruiser ‘Dresden’ there would have been bloodshed on Tuesday night. And "the refugees arriving on the ‘Esperanza’ sent this cable dispatch to the German Emperor:

"To your officers and men we owe our lives and pledge our lifetime gratitude. We salute