Genetically Modified Crops: Benefits at a Galance
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Genetically modified crops are the crops whose genetic makeup is changed. The technology enables you to transfer the genome of one organism and allow it to be inserted to another organism. The genetic makeup of an organism specifies its characteristic features. The genetic material of all plants and animals are made of DNA which stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. DNA of the organism carries the set of instruction to produce enzymes which carry out the chemical reactions which take place in an organism as a whole. These chemical reactions are numerous and are often interlinked like a complex web. Enzymes are proteins which are important in the biochemical functioning of an organism. DNA also has instructions to produce other proteins which make up the structural features of an organism. For example, the DNA of a plant determines its height, size and shape of leaves, type of flowers, colour of the flower etc.
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Genetically Modified Crops - Sandhya Anand
Significance
Genetically Modified Crops: An Introduction
Genetically modified crops are the crops whose genetic makeup is changed. The technology enables you to transfer the genome of one organism and allow it to be inserted to another organism. The genetic makeup of an organism specifies its characteristic features. The genetic material of all plants and animals are made of DNA which stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
DNA of the organism carries the set of instruction to produce enzymes which carry out the chemical reactions which take place in an organism as a whole. These chemical reactions are numerous and are often interlinked like a complex web. Enzymes are proteins which are important in the biochemical functioning of an organism. DNA also has instructions to produce other proteins which make up the structural features of an organism.
For example, the DNA of a plant determines its height, size and shape of leaves, type of flowers, colour of the flower etc. These are visible characters which are cumulatively called as the phenotype. In short, the genotype i.e.; the genetic material determines the phenotype. Genetic modification involves modifying the genotype to change the phenotype.
Genetic modification is usually employed in crop plants to increase the economic yield either by directly increasing the production, or by increasing the plants resistance to herbicides, pests, antibiotics etc.
Most of the crop plants are productive under ideal conditions of cultivation. But in nature, the perfect conditions of growth seldom occur, thanks to industrial pollution, global warming, unexpected natural calamities etc. The effect of these biotic and abiotic stress factors is visible on the productivity of the crop. Loss of quality as well as decrease in quantity is the most common among them.
Nutrient density in soil is one major factor affecting the crop productivity. Fast utilization of soil resources, especially after industrialization has led to depletion of soil nutrients. This has in turn resulted in overuse of fertilizers to account for the loss.
External addition of chemical fertilizers and pesticides over the years has resulted in serious clonal loss of crop yields. The techniques of biotechnology have given many solutions to overcome the effects of such stress factors.
Genetic modification is done in the crop plants using biotechnological tools to produce new genetically modified GM crops. GM technology can also produce crop