And the Word Became Flesh: Studies in History, Communication, and Scripture in Memory of Michael W. Casey

By Pickwick Publications

In his fifty-three years, Michael W. Casey made an indelible impact upon all his academic friends in the United States, Great Britain, and elsewhere in the world. His thirty some years of research and publications were multinational. Mike was especially adept at looking into archival details on the numerous subjects that interested him in communication, Scripture, and history, especially as they focused upon Churches of Christ and the Stone-Campbell Movement. If a scholar ever believed that the grandest project depends on the accuracy of the smallest component, it was Mike Casey. He believed that words were enfleshed in concrete persons. All his studies recognized the persuasive powers of committed humans. The title for this volume, therefore, is And the Word Became Flesh.
The essays in this volume are divided into three sections. Those in the first section are on Restoration History. The second section is on communication studies. And the final section contains essays on a specialty of Casey's, conscientious objection, just war, and Christian peacemaking.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Pickwick Publications
• Release date: Jun 1, 2009
• ISBN: 9781498274708

Book preview

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And the Word Became Flesh

Studies in History, Communication, and Scripture

in Memory of Michael W. Casey

Edited by

Thomas H. Olbricht

and

David Fleer

7789.png

AND THE WORD BECAME FLESH

Studies in History, Communication, and Scripture in Memory of Michael W. Casey

Copyright ©

2009

Wipf and Stock. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write: Permissions, Wipf and Stock Publishers,

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Pickwick Publications

A Division of Wipf and Stock Publishers

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isbn

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978-1-60608-516-5

eisbn

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:

978-1-4982-7470-8

Cataloging-in-Publication data:

And the word became flesh : studies in history, communication and scripture in memory of Michael W. Casey / edited by Thomas H. Olbricht and David Fleer.

Eugene, Ore.: Pickwick Publications,

2009

xxii +

318

p. ;

23

cm.

Includes bibliographic references and index.

isbn

13

:

978-1-60608-516-5

1

. Casey, Michael W.

2

. Restoration movement (Christianity)—History.

3

. Preaching.

4

. Pacificism.

5

. Just war doctrine. I. Olbricht, Thomas H. II. Fleer, David. III. Title.

BX

7315

A

4

2009

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Table of Contents

Title Page

Contributors

Introduction

Michael W. Casey’s Scholarship

Part One: Restoration History

Chapter 1: R. W. Officer and the Indian Mission

Chapter 2: From Facts to Feeling

Chapter 3: J. W. McGarvey’s Authorship of Deuteronomy and the Rhetoric of Scholarship1

Chapter 4: The Struggle for the Soul of Churches of Christ (1897–1907)

Chapter 5: Recovery of Coventantal Narratival Biblical Theology in the Restoration Movement

Chapter 6: Clement Nance (1757–1828)

Chapter 7: Washington Territory’s Klickitat County (1861–1893)

Chapter 8: Lipscomb of Texas vs. Lipscomb of Nashville

Part Two: Studies in Rhetoric and Homiletics

Chapter 9: Conversation as a Resource for Character Formation in Proverbs

Chapter 10: Christology and Logology

Chapter 11: Garrison Keillor’s Chiasmus

Chapter 12: Ronald Reagan, the Disciples of Christ, and Restoring America

Chapter 13: Rhetorical Education and the Christian University

Chapter 14: Solzhenitsyn’s Christian Civilization Rhetoric

Chapter 15: Preaching as Mimesis

Part Three: Pacifism, Just War, and Areas of Related Inquiry

Chapter 16: Keeping Alive the Narratives of War and Peace

Chapter 17: A Contemporary Case for Selective Conscientious Objection

Chapter 18: Why the World Needs Christian Leaders Committed to Peacemaking1

Contributors

W. David Baird

Pepperdine University

Malibu California

Carisse Mickey Berryhill

Abilene Christian University

Abilene, Texas

Dave Bland

Harding University Graduate School of Religion

Memphis, Tennessee

Lee C. Camp

Lipscomb University

Nashville, Tennessee

Shaun A. Casey

Wesley Theological Seminary

Washington, DC

Robert C. Chandler

University of Central Florida

Orlando, Florida

David Fleer

Lipscomb University

Nashville, Tennessee

Douglas A. Foster

Abilene Christian University

Abilene, Texas

Mark W. Hamilton

Abilene Christian University

Abilene, Texas

John Mark Hicks

Lipscomb University

Nashville, Tennessee

Jeffrey Dale Hobbs

University of Texas at Tyler

Tyler, Texas

Richard T. Hughes

Messiah College

Grantham, Pennsylvania

John M. Jones

Pepperdine University

Malibu, California

Martin J. Medhurst

Baylor University

Waco, Texas

Thomas H. Olbricht

Pepperdine University (Emeritus)

Malibu, California

Robert Stephen Reid

University of Dubuque

Dubuque, Iowa

Hans Rollmann

Memorial University of Newfoundland

St John’s, Newfoundland

Jerry Rushford

Pepperdine University

Malibu, California

Gary S. Selby

Pepperdine University

Malibu, California

Bobby Valentine

Palo Verde Church of Christ

Tucson, Arizona

Introduction

Thomas H. Olbricht and David Fleer

Almost immediately upon hearing of Michael Casey’s death in October 2007, we concluded we must do something to memorialize our departed friend. Among many options that surfaced we chose to publish a book of essays written by Mike’s academic friends and colleagues. We were even more convinced of our decision upon discovering the readiness of many scholars to submit essays in tribute. Mike’s interests were varied so we assembled a list of possible authors from a broad spectrum of disciplines. We sent our list to Mike’s wife Judy Jordan Casey and his brother Shaun Casey and invited their input and recommended additions. From the resulting slate we contacted prospective authors and were elated by the response. It is therefore our privilege to present this volume as an enduring memoriam for our distinguished friend.

In his fifty-three years Mike Casey made an indelible impact upon all his academic friends in the United States, Great Britain, and elsewhere in the world. His thirty some years of research and publications were multinational. Mike was especially adept at looking into archival details on the numerous subjects that interested him in communication, Scripture, and history, especially as they focused upon Churches of Christ and the Stone-Campbell Movement. If a scholar ever believed that the grandest project depends on the accuracy of the smallest component, it was Mike Casey. He was interested in the human employment of words for affirming, persuading, and defending. He believed that words were enfleshed in concrete persons. All his studies recognized the persuasive powers of committed humans. It is for this reason that we have selected as the title for this volume And the Word Became Flesh.

When we heard the disturbing news that Mike was diagnosed with cancer, we contacted him by e-mail to express our concern. Mike, in his inimitable manner, was eager to comment on his situation regardless of how difficult that might be for some. He had researched the characteristics for his specific type of cancer, the treatments normally pursued and the prognostication for achieving remission. He clearly knew the dangers but was optimistic for a cure. We exchanged several e-mail posts regarding his illness and appreciated his openness and acceptance of whatever awaited. He was a person who relished life but trusted his future to the Lord Jesus Christ.

Mike was born on May 14, 1954, in Kennett, Missouri, to Paul and Melba Casey. The family moved to Paducah, Kentucky, in 1961 where Mike was baptized and the Caseys attended the Broadway Church of Christ.

Mike’s father taught school as a young adult before he entered the Navy in WWII. His mother was a teacher before marriage, and then went back to the classroom when her youngest child reached adolescence. She became an administrator, spending several years as Executive Director of the West Kentucky Educational Cooperative. Mike’s paternal grandmother taught for many years in a one-room schoolhouse and three grandparents of varying greats attended and then taught at the same college.¹ With this heritage Mike and his siblings naturally pursued careers in education.² Paul and Melba Casey nurtured their children’s curiosity about the world, and encouraged Mike’s aptitude for rhetoric, research, and history.³ Deep into their professional lives the Casey kids continued to stimulate one another through their strong family tradition of debate.⁴

We first became acquainted with Mike when he matriculated at Abilene Christian University. Tom first met him either at ACU, where Mike enrolled in both undergraduate and graduate courses under Tom’s instruction, or at the Minter Lane Church of Christ, where Tom served as an elder. Early on Mike was of a serious demeanor, but not opposed at all to a bit of fun. His intellectual curiosity took him in all sorts of directions ranging from deep philosophical and theological questions to brotherhood journals and politics. He was active among the college students at Minter Lane and could normally be counted upon to participate in whatever activities were held from devotionals to helping persons who lived in the vicinity of the Minter building. As a Kentuckian he was especially interested in basketball and he and Shaun wrote a column on national intercollegiate basketball in the ACU Optimist.

We talked often on matters having to do with Scripture, Restoration History and communication. When Mike decided to pursue a PhD in Speech Communication, Tom encouraged him and wrote recommendations. Upon receiving an invitation to work on his doctorate at the University of Pittsburgh Mike decided to accept their offer. Tom knew his major advisor, Robert P. Newman, from his years as a Professor at the Pennsylvania State University and when Mike defended his dissertation Newman invited Tom to be an external examiner on the committee. Mike, of course, was an excellent scholar and the exam proceeded smoothly.⁵

In the summer of 1986 Mike returned to Abilene to finish his Old Testament thesis. That August the Olbrichts moved to Malibu where Tom took a position as chair of the Religion Division at Pepperdine University. When they put their house on the market, Mike lived in it until it sold in the spring of 1987. Meanwhile, Tom and Dorothy had come to know Judy Jordan who lived on country acreage out of Abilene and to whom they entrusted the family’s pet upon their move. Mike married Judy Jordan on November 27, 1987, in Abilene, Texas, at the Minter Lane Church of Christ. Their son, Neil Jordan Casey, was born on May 9, 1989.

In the mid 1980s Mike got wind of a volume on American orators⁶ and asked Tom to co-author two essays with him.⁷ After Tom’s retirement and move to Maine, he and Mike corresponded regularly, especially regarding Mike’s research on pacifism in Churches of Christ. Mike did fundamental sleuthing in regard to people who took conscientious objector status during WWII and interviewed several persons to gather details that have now been preserved, but would no longer exist had not Mike ferreted them out. Both Mike and Tom were among the founders of the Stone-Campbell List, launched in 1994, when Mike served as the first moderator.

Mike was an active participant and tireless leader in the Christian Scholars’ Conference. His research and writing represented quality scholarship and his loyalty to the Churches of Christ modeled for young scholars and peers the highest levels of academic achievement. At the inaugural conference, in 1981, Mike was the youngest participant, reviewing Journey in Faith: A History of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).⁸ Soon, Mike’s presentations reflected the breadth of his growing scholarly interests. For example, Rhetoric and Induction: The Baconian Ideal in the Disciples Movement (CSC, 1982), J. S. Lamar: From Exegesis to Theology, A Response to Leonard Allen (CSC, 1984), and Scripture as Narrative: The Church as a Story-Form People (CSC, 1989) showed skills in a variety of disciplines. Mike quickly assumed leadership roles and promoted the conference amongst colleagues and students, often organizing panel reviews and inviting speakers.⁹ He proved a generous fellow researcher and historian who shared both insights and encouragement.¹⁰ At the 1998 conference, for example, Mike joined Hans Rollmann to organize and chair a session on Robert H. Boll and Premillennialism.¹¹ While this particular collection of papers did not make it to publication, the effort demonstrated his collegiality and vision of the conference as a venue for nurturing scholarship. Mike, like his mentor Tom Olbricht before him,¹² had become the face of the Christian Scholars’ Conference.¹³

One pivotal session at the 2007 conference in Rochester featured a panel review of Mike’s last volume, The Rhetoric of Sir Garfield Todd.¹⁴ Mike, too ill at the time to attend, was on hand via telephone conference call to listen and respond to the panelists’ prepared critique. The Christian Scholars’ conference thus framed Mike’s professional life, beginning with his 1981 review of the McAllister and Tucker history of the Restoration Movement and ending with a scholarly review of his final one volume contribution to the broad spectrum of academic disciplines that characterized his career.

It is, therefore, altogether appropriate that this memoriam be presented to Mike’s family and colleagues at the gathering of the Christian Scholars’ Conference on June 26, 2009. Farewell faithful friend. We anticipate meeting again in far more auspicious circumstances.

We wish to express our appreciation for all those involved in the making of this book, both those who have submitted essays and those who have helped in editing and production. We are especially indebted to the budget of recently retired Dean W. David Baird of Seaver College, Pepperdine University, for help in publishing the book and to Lipscomb University and the Christian Scholars’ Conference for making it available to the 2009 conference attendees.

1. Email correspondence with Rita J. Casey, January

11

,

2009

, in possession of the editors.

2. Rita J. Casey is Associate Professor of Psychology at Wayne State University. Shaun A. Casey is Associate Professor of Christian Ethics at Wesley Theological Seminary. Neil Casey teaches music and is Band Director at Cape Central High School in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Karen, Mike’s oldest sister, passed away in

1979

, and had been a teacher.

3. Based on email correspondence with Neil Casey, December

3

,

2008

, in possession of the editors.

4. Mike’s sister, Rita recalls, There was almost no topic in American or European intellectual history that he didn’t know well . . . [T]here’s a good deal of overlap in the theories of communication and psychology. It was always valuable to describe some theory that informs psychology, and have him dissect it. These discussions generated many ideas, at least for me, and also generated some great arguments—I think two of our family’s strongest traditions are the study of history, and debating. Email correspondence with Rita J. Casey, December

4

,

2008

, in possession of the editors. 

5. The Development of Necessary Inference in the Hermeneutics of the Disciples of Christ/Churches of Christ (PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh,

1986

). A decade later he published the dissertation with some revision, Michael W. Casey, The Battle over Hermeneutics in the Stone-Campbell Movement,

1800

-

1870

(Lewiston, NY: Mellen, 1998

).

6. American Orators Before

1900

: Critical Studies and Sources, eds. Bernard K. Duffy and Halford R. Ryan (New York: Greenwood,

1987

).

7. Michael Casey and Thomas H. Olbricht, Thomas Hart Benton and Thomas H. Olbricht and Michael Casey, Phillips Brooks. The order of the authors indicates who took the lead in each essay.

8. Lester G. McAllister and William Eldon Tucker, Journey in Faith: A History of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ),

1975

. The paper was presented July

20

,

1981

at ACU.

9. Mike encouraged David’s interest in rhetoric and homiletics, evidenced in David’s CSC presentations on public apology (

1989

), a medieval preacher, Peter Chyrsologus (

1994), and a panel review of Stephen H. Webb’s The Divine Voice (

2004

). In fact, Mike took a central role in bringing Stephen H. Webb to the

2004

conference, hosted by Pepperdine University.

10. Hans Rollmann, email correspondence, January

12

,

2009

, in possession of the editors.

11. Doug Foster, Steve Wolfgang, Mike Casey, Paul Clarke, Alex Wilson, and Hans Rollmann presented papers. Don Haymes and Richard Hughes responded.

12. Rita Casey articulates well what so many of us have respected, Tom Olbricht as Mike’s true mentor in his scholarly work, had such a strong influence on Mike’s life, helping Mike find a direction for his talents and interests. Email Correspondence, December

3

,

2008

, in possession of the editors. 

13. When the conference left Abilene for Malibu and subsequently to a variety of locations, Mike continued to present his research. For example, July

23

,

1993

at Harding University, Government Surveillance of the Churches of Christ in World War I.

14. Michael W. Casey, The Rhetoric of Sir Garfield Todd: Christian Imagination and the Dream of an African Democracy (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press,

2007

). The session was convened by Robert Stephen Reid and included Evrett Huffard, Val Prill (reading the remarks from Paul Prill), and Pepperdine student, Mushambi Mutuma. See http://www .rc.edu/csc/session_update.php.

Michael W. Casey’s Scholarship

Douglas A. Foster

I make no pretense that this is an objective or scholarly article. Mike was my friend and brother, a colleague and co-laborer in Christian higher education, and a co-lover of our religious heritage. From the time Neil was a pre-schooler I have been privileged to be one of the Casey’s Pepperdine Lectures houseguests—always a time to catch up on current projects, to share stories from Stone-Campbell history, and to envision and collaborate on shared projects. Mike’s exuberance for his work and studies was a constant encouragement.

We worked together for three years identifying and gathering important articles on Stone-Campbell history and theology originally published in journals not easily accessible to students and scholars that was published as The Stone-Campbell Movement: An International Religious Tradition in 2002. We co-wrote the introductory chapter on the state of Stone-Campbell scholarship and trajectories for the future. It was a shock to both of us when several months after publication a colleague offhandedly commented about how upset we must have been over the misspelling of Campbell on the book cover. We immediately rushed to look and discovered that neither of us had noticed that Stone-Campbell Movement had become Stone-Campell Movement on the book’s spine.

Mike loved our heritage in Churches of Christ. As is the case with many of us, there have been times when we wondered whether we could or should stay. In his 2005 tenure review portfolio that Judy shared with me, Mike wrote about this.

I am a fifth generation member of Churches of Christ, but my loyalty to Churches of Christ goes beyond mere family ties. As a young adult I had to make a choice on whether to stay within Churches of Christ or to leave. Despite a lack of support at times for my educational goals, I believe that the church’s idea that one can study the scripture for one’s self gave me intellectual freedom that is unrivalled by any other religious tradition. Admittedly the Churches of Christ often do not live up to that lofty ideal, but the ideal is still there.¹⁵

He went on to talk about the focus he saw in Churches of Christ on biblical Christianity, that is, on trying to identify what is central to scripture, and the essential role of the community of faith. These things were at the center of his Christian commitments, and Mike lived them out in his devotion to family, students, church and school.

Throughout his career Mike continued to develop his courses in ways that reflected his own scholarly maturation process. He was excited about his increasing effectiveness in bringing Christian perspectives to his classes. In his Interpersonal Communication class, for example, he combined rigorous scholarship with an unashamed inclusion of Christian perspectives through books like Ron Arnett’s Dwell in Peace: Applying Nonviolence to Everyday Relationships. In his course on Rhetorical Theory he introduced significant readings from the journal Rhetoric and Public Affairs dealing with the relationship of rhetorical invention and religious traditions.¹⁶

Yet the thing that Mike felt best about, and which he believed had improved his teaching more than anything else, was the practice begun in 2002 of having one-on-one interviews with each of his students outside of class at the beginning of each semester. He visited with them about why they came to Pepperdine, other schools they had considered, and their academic major and vocational choices. It was easy to pick up from the conversation whether they were Christians or not, he said. It broke down barriers and began to build relationships that helped him identify students who would benefit from special encouragement and mentoring.¹⁷ This reflects the heart of the man—his commitments were to people, not simply to a subject.

In September 2007, the month before Mike died, I had scheduled him to speak at the Restoration Lectures as part of the ACU annual Bible Lectures (now Summit). He had been very ill and in the hospital just days before he was to come to Abilene. I contacted him and insisted that he did not need to come—it would be asking too much for him to do so. Yet he persisted and came anyway. His lectures focused on the significance of the Stone-Campbell Movement on the political formation of Sir Garfield Todd, the anti-apartheid leader of Zimbabwe—the subject of his 2007 Baylor University Press book. He had lost his hair, he was thin and tired easily. Yet when he got up to speak he was energized and told the story of Todd’s life with enthusiasm and vigor.

Mike loved our story; he loved telling the parts of it that he knew especially well. And he was doing it to the end of his life.

The bibliography that follows this essay does not claim absolute comprehensiveness, though I hope it is very close. When I began to make inquiries with Judy and with Robert Chandler, chair of the Pepperdine Communication Division, I found that Mike had not turned in the yearly Faculty Update Form for several years, explaining that since he had tenure, he didn’t need to turn in busywork reports.¹⁸ This further endears Mike to me as a resister of bureaucratic institutional requirements. Yet as a historian, it also strikes fear into my heart that important things can too easily slip through the cracks. Between material from Judy, who found computer files with some of Mike’s information, and a thorough search this Fall with the help of my graduate assistant Rosten Callarman, the bibliography that appears below is close to complete.

Mike’s scholarly work began with his undergraduate studies at Abilene Christian University where he graduated summa cum laude in 1976 with a B.A. in communication and biblical studies. He completed course work for an MA degree in Old Testament and church history from ACU over the following three years, a combination reflected in the title of his 1989 thesis, The Interpretation of Genesis One in the Churches of Christ: The Origins of Fundamentalist Reactions to Evolution and Biblical Criticism in the 1920s. This research would give Mike insight into American Fundamentalism and its relationship to Churches of Christ that would inform much of his subsequent scholarly work. His insights are especially reflected in his essay on Fundamentalism and Churches of Christ in the Christian Chronicle Decades of Destiny series in 2000 and two articles in Restoration Quarterly in 2002, examining the earliest attempts at graduate education in Churches of Christ.

In the meantime, Mike entered the University of Pittsburgh, inspired by ACU church history professor LeMoine Lewis to pursue a PhD and prepare to teach in a Christian school. He earned an MA in Rhetorical Theory and Religious Communication in 1981, and a PhD in Rhetorical Theory and Criticism in 1986. His dissertation, titled The Development of Necessary Inference in the Hermeneutics of the Disciples of Christ/Churches of Christ, would inform two seminal articles on hermeneutics in Restoration Quarterly in 1989 and would be published by Edwin Mellen Press in 1998 as The Battle Over Hermeneutics in the Stone-Campbell Movement, 1800–1870.

In Fall 1987 Peppeprdine University extended an invitation to Mike to join its communication faculty, which he did and where he served with distinction for twenty years. He became a full professor in 1997, and was awarded the Carl P. Miller Endowed Chair of Communication in 2000, which he occupied at the time of his death. During the academic year 2002-3 Mike received a fellowship from Baylor University’s Institute for Faith and Learning to bring together his long-time research on primitivist pacifism and to work with Baylor faculty on issues of integrating faith and learning.

In looking at Mike’s scholarly work, several things become evident. First, the topic about which he was most passionate and which forms the largest corpus of his published materials was that of pacifism in Churches of Christ, including how that history related to pacifism in other primitivist bodies. He published widely in this field during his career, both in academic publications and in the Gospel Advocate and Leaven journal. This was groundbreaking work, and though he published no less than ten significant scholarly articles on this subject, his planned book on the topic was not completed. He clearly set the agenda for studies in this area, providing vital insights and ample material for others to carry on.

Mike’s training and teaching in communication and rhetoric, coupled with his intense interest in Stone-Campbell history and American and British Christianity, led to a number of important projects in these areas. His 1995 book Saddlebags, City Streets and Cyberspace looked at major historical and theological trends in the preaching of Churches of Christ in the twentieth century. Two articles co-written with Aimee Rowe in 1996 and 1997 examined the rhetoric of the anti-Semitic radio priest Charles E. Coughlin. His article The First Female Speakers in America (1630–1840): Searching for Egalitarian Christian Primitivism, published in the Journal of Communication and Religion in 2000 won the Religious Communication Association’s article of the year award and was nominated for three other awards by the RCA and the National Communication Association. In that study Mike challenged standard accounts concerning the earliest women public speakers in America and proposed an innovative theoretical grounding for their role.

Further contributions to the study of religious rhetoric continued to reflect Mike’s interest in serious examination of the Stone-Campbell Movement. A 2001 article in Southern Communication Journal used Alexander Campbell as a case study of the shift in rhetorical theory, and he investigated rhetorical invention in Churches of Christ in a 2004 Rhetoric and Public Affairs study. Finally, he brought his training to bear on the rhetoric of an African missionary from the New Zealand Churches of Christ, Sir Garfield Todd, who became Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia and championed black majority rule in what would become Zimbabwe. His 2007 volume by Baylor University Press titled The Rhetoric of Sir Garfield Todd, in the words of one reviewer, provides undisputed evidence that . . . Todd’s democratic ethos emanated from his religious heritage within the Churches of Christ and not from the British liberal political tradition.¹⁹

What more can I say about this friend and colleague? He served his profession in countless ways, including his work on the editorial board of the Journal of Communication and Religion which he helped build, and on the editorial board of the Baylor University Press series on Studies in Religion and Rhetoric. He served his university through committees on academic affairs, admissions and scholarships, curriculum and research. He served the University Church of Christ in Malibu through teaching Bible classes, and serving on education, body life and campus ministry committees. When away from home he taught a Bible class at the Crestview Church of Christ in Waco during his Baylor Fellowship in 2003. He served Churches of Christ through his founding work with Leaven journal and his service on its editorial board. He spoke widely in our colleges and congregations helping people learn more about and appreciate our heritage.

No short essay can capture the fullness of a life. It is my hope that this brief account does just a bit to honor the life and continuing legacy of Michael W. Casey, our brother, colleague and friend.

15. Michael W. Casey, Faculty Data Form, Five-Year Evaluation of Tenured Faculty (January

10

,

2005

)

20

. Copy in possession of author.

16. Ibid.,

4

–

5

.

17. Ibid.,

2

.

18. E-mail note, Robert C. Chandler to Douglas A. Foster (October

30

,

2008

).

19. Jairos Kangira, Rhetoric & Public Affairs

11

(

2008

)

350

–

52

.

A Bibliography of the Published Work of Michael Wilson Casey

Books

Saddlebags, City Streets and Cyberspace: A History of Preaching in the Churches of Christ. Abilene, TX: ACU Press,

1995

.

The Battle Over Hermeneutics in the Stone-Campbell Movement,

1800

-

1870

. Studies in American Religion

67

. Lewiston, NY: Mellen,

1998

.

And Douglas A. Foster, editors. The Stone-Campbell Movement: An International Religious Tradition. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press,

2002

.

The Rhetoric of Sir Garfield Todd: Christian Imagination and the Dream of an African Democracy. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press,

2007

.

Contributions to Encyclopedias and Reference Works

With Thomas H. Olbricht. Thomas Hart Benton. In American Orators Before

1900

: Critical Studies and Sources, edited by Bernard Duffy and Halford Ryan,

47

–

57

. Westport, CT: Greenwood,

1987

.

With Thomas H. Olbricht. Phillips Brooks. In American Orators Before

1900

: Critical Studies and Sources, ed. by Bernard Duffy and Halford Ryan,

58

–

67

. Westport, CT: Greenwood,

1987

.

Encyclopedia of the Stone Campbell Movement, edited by Douglas A. Foster, Paul M. Blowers, Anthony L. Dunnavant, and D. Newell Williams. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004

.

Bible, Authority and Inspiration of Scripture.

Campus Ministry: Churches of Christ.

"Christian Leader."

Cordell Christian College.

Pacifism.

Preaching, Twentieth Century: Churches of Christ.

"Todd, Sir Garfield (

1908

–

2002

) and Lady Grace (

1911

–

2001

)."

Restorationist Christianity. In The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, Volume

1

: Religion, edited by Samuel S. Hill. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,

2006

.

Primitivism. In Encyclopedia of Religious Revivals in America, edited by Michael W Clymond,

344

–

45

. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,

2007

.

Disciples of Christ. In Women in American History: An Encyclopedia. New York: Facts on File, forthcoming.

Kate Richards O’Hare. In Women in American History: An Encyclopedia. New York: Facts on File, forthcoming.

Articles in Scholarly Journals and Books

An Era of Controversy and Division: The Origins of the Broadway Church of Christ, Paducah, Kentucky. Restoration Quarterly

27

.

1

(

1984

)

3

–

22

.

The Origins of the Hermeneutics of the Churches of Christ, Part One: The Reformed Tradition. Restoration Quarterly

31

.

2

(

1989

)

75

–

91

.

The Origins of the Hermeneutics of the Churches of Christ, Part Two: The Philosophical Background. Restoration Quarterly 31

.

4

(

1989

)

193

–

206

.

The Use of Narrative in a Public Speaking Assignment. In Narrativity and Community: Proceedings of the Second Conference on Christianity and Communication. Malibu, CA: Conference on Christianity and Communication,

1991

.

From Pacifism to Patriotism: The Emergence of Civil Religion in the Churches of Christ During World War I. Mennonite Quarterly Review

66

(

1992

)

376

–

90

.

New Information on Conscientious Objectors of World War I and the Churches of Christ. Restoration Quarterly

34

.

2

(

1992

)

83

–

96

.

Warriors Against War: The Pacifists of the Churches of Christ in World War II. Restoration Quarterly

35

.

3

(

1993

)

159

–

74

.

With Aimee Rowe. Driving Out the Money Changers: Radio Priest Charles E. Coughlin’s Rhetorical Vision. Journal of Communication and Religion

19

(

1996

)

37

–

47

.

With Michael W Jordan. Government Surveillance of the Churches of Christ in World War I: An Episode of Free Speech Suppression. Free Speech Yearbook 34

(

1996

)

102

–

11

.

Churches of Christ and World War II Civilian Public Service : A Pacifist Remnant. In Proclaim Peace: Christian Pacifism from Unexpected Quarters, edited by Theron F. Schlabach and Richard T. Hughes,

97

–

114

. Urbana, IL: Snow Lion,

1997

.

With Aimee Rowe. Villains and Heroes of the Great Depression: The Evolution of Father Charles E. Coughlin’s Fantasy Themes. Journal of Radio Studies

4

(

1997

)

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Pacifism and Nonviolence: The Prophetic Voice of the African-American Churches of Christ. Discipliana

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Articles in Church Publications

Looking Back and Looking Forward . . . Mission

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Our Cloud of Witnesses. Leaven

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Pacifism and David Lipscomb. Gospel Advocate

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Pacifism in the Restoration: WWI. Gospel Advocate

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Corbett Bishop. Gospel Advocate

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World War II. Gospel Advocate

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"

1945

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Kingdoms of This World: The Rise of the Political Pulpit. Leaven

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"Restoration Retrospective:

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Part I

Restoration History

1

R. W. Officer and the Indian Mission

The Foundational Years (1880–1886)

W. David Baird

In 1880, Robert Wallace Officer launched a mission effort among the Native peoples of Indian Territory, now the eastern one-half of the State of Oklahoma. As a well-connected minister in the Stone-Campbell movement, Officer’s enterprise was widely welcomed by journal editors, church leaders, and evangelists. Conservative and southern elements in the movement were especially enthusiastic, for Officer announced that he would accept support for his mission only from individuals and congregations rather than from the American Christian Missionary Society (ACMS), a para-church organization underwritten by the more progressive and northern congregations.

Scholars of the Stone-Campbell movement have seen Officer and the Indian Mission as pivotal in the late-nineteenth century controversy over whether the church should conduct mission work through human societies rather than the local church. It may also be true, as the scholars argue, that the Indian Mission was the most successful mission effort conducted according to the Lord’s plan, as David Lipscomb termed it.¹ But it does not follow that Officer’s twenty years of labor in Indian Territory was a success when measured against his original expectations, or those of his supporters. By those standards, the Indian mission was a failure, although that failure had more to do with circumstances unique to Indian Territory than whether the methodology of mission work was Bible-based or not. This essay, however, focuses upon the foundational years of the mission, when calling was certain, vision was clear and hopes were high. The frustrations, disappointments and defeats of later years will be addressed in subsequent essays.

Born in August 1845, R. W. Officer was one of Alexander and Francis Officer’s ten children. The family lived in Murray County, northern Georgia, and farmed land only recently taken from Cherokee Indians. In the late 1850s and for undetermined reasons, the family moved to Polk County, Tennessee.² Little is known about Officer’s formal education as a teenager other than it was interrupted by the Civil War. At the age of sixteen he and an older brother enlisted with other Polk County men in Company A of the 43rd (Mounted) Tennessee Infantry Regiment, CSA, in April 1862. He was assigned the rank of private, while his brother was commissioned 3rd Lieutenant. Barely a year later, his unit saw action at Vicksburg, where then Corporal Officer was wounded and on July 4, 1863, taken captive by Union troops. Eleven days later he was paroled after he swore not [to] take up arms again against the United States . . . . A prisoner exchange some three months later returned him to Confederate authority, whereupon he promptly joined the Army of East Tennessee, then commanded by General John H. Morgan, where he served as a scout until the end of the war. On May 21, 1865, at Chattanooga, Tennessee, Officer put the war behind him, when he gave his oath of allegiance to the United States. He was