Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition 12c - Second Edition

By Christian Screen, Adrian Ward and Haroun Khan

About This Book

• Come, start your first Oracle Business intelligence system and excel in BI with this exhaustive guide
• An all-encompassing guide for your Oracle business intelligence needs
• Learn from the self-paced professional guidance and implement Oracle business intelligence using this easy-to-follow guide by our experts

Who This Book Is For

If your job includes working on data, improving the financial or operational performance of your organization or you are a consultant for the above, then this book is for you. If you have been placed on a business intelligence project, then this book is for you. If you are the Project Manager, Business Analyst or Data Scientist then this book is for you. If you are an end user of Oracle Business Intelligence, then this book is for you too.

Having a basic understanding of databases and the use of Business Intelligence is expected, but no knowledge of Oracle BI is required.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Packt Publishing
• Release date: Apr 20, 2017
• ISBN: 9781786461582

Christian Screen

Christian Screen is a Business Intelligence evangelist with over 15 years of experience in technology ranging from low-level programming, e-commerce, Data Warehousing, Enterprise Performance Management, and of course, Business Intelligence. In his day job he is a Senior Manager for Capgemini North America's Oracle Analytics Practice. In his spare time he enjoys writing technical articles, learning new technologies, inventing, writing software, spending time with his family, trying to change the world, and running his blog and podcast at ArtOfBi.com.

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Table of Contents

Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition 12c - second Edition

Credits

About the Authors

About the Reviewer

www.PacktPub.com

Why subscribe?

Customer Feedback

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Downloading the color images of this book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Oracle BI 12c Architecture

Let's look at the big picture

Terminology differences from Oracle BI 11g

What is Oracle Fusion Middleware?

Why is there a database repository for OBIEE?

Overall components

Java components

Action Service

Visual Analyzer

Administrative Components

SOA Web Service 

Oracle BI Office

Oracle Real-Time Decisions (RTD)

Oracle BI Presentation Service plugin

Oracle BI Publisher

Security Services

System Components

BI Server 

BI Presentation Server 

BI Scheduler 

BI JavaHost 

BI Server Cluster Controller 

Essbase

WebLogic Server

A few WebLogic Server nuances

WebLogic Domain

WebLogic Administration Server

WebLogic Managed Server

WebLogic Node Manager

System tools controlled by WebLogic

Security

Managing by Application Roles

Security providers

Identity Store

Credential Store

Policy Store

System requirements

Client tools

Multi-User Development Environment

Certifications matrix

Scaling out Oracle BI 12c

Pre-configuration run-down

Shared storage

Clustering

Vertical versus horizontal

Oracle BI Server Cluster Controller

Failover and high-availability

Enterprise Deployment Guide

Directory folder structure

Log files / diagnostics

Configuration files

Download Oracle BI 12c

System requirements

References

A review - what I should now know!

Summary

2. Installing the Prerequisite Software

Installation overview

Installation media

System requirements

Installing Java

Installing the WebLogic Server

Installing the metadata schemas

Creating the database and user

Installing the schemas

Gotchas

A review - what I should now know!

Summary

3. Installing on Windows Server 2012

Installation overview

Installation media

Installing the BI Server software

Configuring the database for the BI Server schema

Configuring the BI application

What is installed?

Folder structure

Shortcut reference variables

Configuring start and stop links

A review - what I should now know!

Summary

4. Reviewing the Features of the Reporting Repository

Integrated tools

Answers

Dashboards

Published Reporting

Actionable Intelligence

Performance Management

Marketing

MapViewer

Administration

Briefing books

Visual Analyzer

Search

Help

Office integration

The home screen

Catalog

New

Recent

Help

Administration

Session Management

Maintenance and troubleshooting

Issue SQL

Catalog

Structure of the Presentation Catalog

Hidden items

File management

XML files

Object copying

Catalog deployments

Securing catalog objects

Multiple personal dashboards

Permission inheritance

A review - what I should now know!

Summary

5. Installing and Configuring Client Tools

Installing the client software

Configuring a connection to the OBIEE Server

Configuring a connection to the database

Creating shortcuts

Testing the client software

A review - what I should now know!

Summary

6. Understanding the Systems Management Tools

Let's talk management tools

WebLogic Server Administration Control

First access and checkpoint

Servers

Clusters

Machines / IP address or DNS

Data Sources / JDBC connections

Security Realms

WebLogic Server is its own application

Using WLST

Enterprise Manager Fusion Middleware Control

Getting around in EM

BI Foundation Domain Dashboard

Overview tab

Availability tab

Configuration

General

Performance

Presentation

Mail

Diagnostics

Log Messages

Log Configuration

Security

Oracle BI 12c Lifecycle Management

What is a BAR File?

Finding the default BAR files

Deploying, migrating, and backing up artifacts

Snapshot Service Instance artifacts - exporting to a BAR

Migrating a Service Instance Snapshot - importing the BAR

Moving just the RPD - no BAR necessary

Download the RPD only - no BAR

Uploading just the RPD - no BAR

Stopping and starting System Components

Stopping Oracle BI 12c

Starting Oracle BI 12c

Patching Oracle BI 12c

Upgrading Oracle BI 12c

Checking the logs

Creating users, roles, and associations

Creating users and groups in WebLogic Server

Assigning users to groups

Creating and assigning Application Roles

JMX, MBeans, Java, and interfacing Oracle BI

Migrating FMW Security to other environments

FMW Core Security files and OPSS

FMW Security Import/Export utility

Using the Security Realm migration utility

Oracle BI Publisher system management

Monitoring system performance

Have a backup plan!

Recommendations for further learning

A review - what I should know now!

Summary

7. Developing the BI Server Repository

Prerequisites

Repository architecture

Physical layer

Creating an RPD and importing metadata

Elements of the physical layer

Database object

Connection Pools

Physical catalog and schemas

Physical tables

Physical join

Consistency check

Table aliases and naming conventions

Business layer

Business model

Logical tables

Logical table sources

Logical columns

Logical joins

Dimension hierarchies

Number of elements

Presentation layer

Subject areas

Best practices in the presentation layer

Aliases

Implicit Fact

Calculated measures

Logical column calculation

Expression Builder

Physical column calculation

Time series measures

Level-based measure

Federated and fragmented content

Vertical federation-aggregation or level-based

Horizontal federation

Fragmentation

Fragmentation example--content-based

Variables and initialization blocks

A review - what I should now know!

Additional research suggestions

Summary

8. Creating Dashboards and Analyses

Creating our first analysis

Creating our first Dashboard

Analysis building - more details

Views

Tables

Graphs

Pivot Tables

Narratives

Performance Tiles

Recap

Prompts

In analysis prompting

Result layout

Column hiding and showing

Conditional display

Recap

Master Detail linking

Saved Dashboards

Calculated data

Saved columns

Pretty useful stuff!

A review - what I should now know!

Summary

9. Agents and Action Framework

Agents

Mail server setup

Creating the Agent

Actions

BI Navigation

Web navigation and passing a parameter

Adding some conditionality

Note on Invoke Actions

A review - what I should know now!

Additional research suggestions

Oracle documentation on Actions

Summary

10. Developing Reports Using BI Publisher

Don't miss the installation integration checkpoint!

What's all this XML talk?

Where does BI Publisher excel?

Oracle BI Foundation versus Oracle BI Publisher

New features and enhancements

Improved Oracle BI 12c look and feel

Delivering documents to the cloud

Better encryption and security

Report design basics, terminology, and locations

Report design components

Data model

Layout

Properties

Translations

Where to administer BI Publisher

Default embedded BI Publisher configurations

Where to build a data model

Where to add a data source connection

What is a JNDI data source?

Let's get publishing

Administration management of BI Publisher

Accessing the BI Publisher Administration page

Verifying application roles

Creating the data source JDBC connection

Creating a file (XLS) data source

Verifying application role data source privileges

Setting up a data model

Creating a new Presentation Catalog folder

Creating a new data model

Creating an SQL query data set

Adjusting data set display names

Creating a parameter

Creating a list of values

Connecting the parameter to the list of values

Getting the sample data

Creating a BI Publisher report using the Layout Editor

Auditing and monitoring BI Publisher

Modifying a few configuration files

Enabling Audit Policy in the Fusion Middleware Control Enterprise Manager

Connecting to the Audit Framework

Viewing the auditing log file

Timeout issues

Connecting to Oracle BI server data sources

BI Publisher Application Programming Interface

BI Publisher Scheduler

High availability

A review - what I should now know!

Summary

11. Usage Tracking

What is usage tracking?

Setting up usage tracking

Setting up database tables

Setting up the BI Server repository

Updating the BI Server configuration

Analyzing usage

Usage measures

Customizing your setup

Additional data

A review - what I should now know!

Summary

12. Improving Performance

What is poor performance?

Where can I improve the performance?

Hardware

Full speed ahead

More servers please

Database

BI Server

More performance tips

The use of cache

Setting up the cache

Web servers on top

Domain setup

A review - what I should now know!

Summary

13. Using the BI Admin Change Management Utilities

Problems with multiple developers

Merges

Three-way merge

Two-way merger

Multiuser development

Online development

Advantages and disadvantages

Multiuser Development Environment

Advantages and disadvantages

A review - what I should now know!

Additional research suggestions

Summary

14. Ancillary Installation Options

Oracle BI 12c on its own server

High availability and failover planning

Silent installation

Custom ports and port management

Installing Oracle BI 12c on *Nix

Listening on port 80

Configuring a HTTP proxy with the NGINX web server

Enabling compression on web servers

Setting up compression for the NGINX HTTP server

Automating starting and stopping

Scripting Windows Services

Ancillary application integration awareness

Recommendations for further learning

A review - what should I know now?

Summary

15. Reporting Databases

Theories and models

Reporting databases

Relational modeling

Dimensional modeling

Why is database theory important?

Designing your database - objectives, rules, and goals

Objectives

Rules

Rule 1 - complete dimensions

Rule 2 - build generic tables

Rule 3 - partition large tables

Rule 4 - prudent indexing

Rule 5 - aggregate everything

Rule 6 - constant analysis of usage and accuracy

Rule 7 - manage statistics

Rule 8 - understand the granularity

Goals

Goal 1 - keep it simple

Goal 2 - minimize Type 2 Slowly Changing Dimensions

Goal 3 - use data, not functions

Goal 4 - minimize joins

Goal 5 - reduce snowflaking

Goal 6 - make it flexible

Design summary

Creating a warehouse

Source system assessment

Warehouse design

Warehouse tables

The match star schema

The tournament star schema

Populating and tuning

Monitoring and maintaining

Some definitions

A review - what you should know now!

Summary

16. Customizing the Style of Dashboards

Multiple skins and styles in one environment

Hands-on - go time!

Changing styles

Creating your own look and feel - overview

Creating your style

Modifying the code

Updating your style

Alternative deployment method

Custom messages

A review - what I should now know!

Summary

17. Upgrading to 12c

Checking the 11g system and files

Generation

Export bundle

Bundle contents

Importing the bundle

Import via the Configuration Assistant

Import via the BI Migration Script

Connectivity

Consistency check

Security and manual migration

Regression testing

Unit testing

Full regression testing

User acceptance testing

A review - what I should now know!

Summary

Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition 12c - second Edition

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Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition 12c - second Edition

Copyright © 2017 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: July 2012

Second edition: April 2017

Production reference: 1140417

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

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Credits

About the Authors

Adrian Ward is an Oracle ACE Associate who started working in Siebel Analytics back in 2001 and quickly realized the potential in the technology. He formed the UK's first independent consultancy focusing purely on OBIEE (nee Siebel Analytics) and Oracle BI Applications. He has led many large successful OBIEE implementations in a wide range of business sectors, from investment banking to military operations. His deep technical OBIEE and BI Applications knowledge has been applied on dozens of projects throughout the globe, including HR, Sales, Service, Pharma, and Custom Analytics, which is enabling hundreds of thousands of users in their day-to-day roles.

He was also one of the first bloggers on Oracle BIEE at http://www.obiee.info and today runs the Addidici OBIEE consultancy, which has operations in the UK, Europe, and South Africa. Adrian runs one of the largest Oracle BI networking groups on LinkedIn -- Oracle Business Intelligence, is an active tweeter (@Addidici), is a speaker at Oracle conferences, and helps others learn.

In his spare time, he loves sailing at Hayling Island, skiing, enjoying life with his family, and learning new technologies.

I would like to dedicate this book to my wife Sarah, and wonderful children, Hugh and Harriet who are the coolest dudes in the world.

Many thanks to Christian and Haroun for their patience in writing the second book, I hope you enjoyed it as much as I did.

Christian Screen (@christianscreen) is an Oracle ACE, technologist, and Business Intelligence evangelist with over 20 years of experience in technology ranging from low-level programming, e-commerce, Data Warehousing, Hyperion Enterprise Performance Management, product management, IoT, and of course, analytics. Founder of Art of BI Software and Consulting Group, one of Oracle’s top Oracle Analytics partners in North America, his company was acquired by Datavail (@datavail) Corporation in 2016.

In his spare time, he enjoys writing technical articles, learning new technologies, inventing new products, writing software, spending time with his family, trying to change the world, and running his blog and podcast which are read and heard all across the globe.

I would like to thank my co-authors on this book, in particular Adrian Ward, with extreme gratitude for completing many of the chores related to the care, watering, and feeding required to push the writing and publishing of this book along - ultimately over the finish line.

Indeed, I thank my wife and children for putting up with my late night writing sessions and booked-up weekends working on this book and the mental blockage that rides along with such a task. I thank my mother, brothers, and sister for their support in my endeavors, which in life attributes to the person I’ve been able to become, giving me the ability to contribute in such challenging enterprises.

Without the support of the user group communities such as ODTUG, IOUG, and UKOUG and great conferences such as Collaborate, KScope, and Oracle Open World, our message of great business intelligence wouldn’t be as strong. Thank you all those who: purchased this book, support your local user group communities, follow us on social media, read our blogs, and attend our presentation sessions at conferences; you make efforts such as writing this book possible.

Haroun Khan is one of Europe's leading OBIEE consultants. A computer science graduate of Imperial College, London, he has been involved with OBIEE from its early days as an acquisition from nQuire by Siebel, and subsequently as part of the Oracle family. Haroun worked as a consultant on projects worldwide for Siebel and as a Principal Consultant for Oracle over a period of 10 years. He has specialized in BI and data warehousing over a longer period including time working at MicroStrategy.

Haroun is also an entrepreneur, successfully founding and currently running the online travel site https://www.jrpass.com/. His experience in e-commerce has given him new insight into how analytics is vital to the running of any business nowadays. He engages with cohort analysis, clickstream analytics, and conversion tracking.

He still freelances in leading and designing projects in the traditional BI and data warehousing space. In his downtime, Haroun likes to climb, is an avid squash player, and can sometimes be found prone, deep in despair, as he tries his hands at writing a novel.

About the Reviewer

Bill Anderson is a business analytics consultant with extensive experience in data visualization, Oracle BI, Oracle BI applications, BI cloud services, and Hyperion Essbase. He has a proven ability to integrate disparate heterogeneous data sources using Oracle Business Intelligence, Oracle Hyperion, and several relational database management systems. Bill has led multiple projects developing moderate-to-complex Oracle Business Intelligence solutions, working side-by-side with his clients in many industries. He is also a course instructor for a number of business analytics training courses. Outside of work, Bill dabbles in competition bar-b-que.

I would like to thank my family and friends for supporting me throughout my career and the authors for giving me the opportunity to work with them on this great book.

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Preface

Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition (OBIEE) 12c is packed full of features and has a fresh approach to information presentation, system management, and security. You will be introduced to these features, through a step-by-step guide to building a complete system from scratch. With this guide, you will be equipped with a basic understanding of what the product contains, how to install and configure it, and how to create effective business intelligence. This book contains the necessary information for a beginner to create a high performance OBIEE 12c system with effective presentation of information.

What this book covers

Chapter 1,  Oracle BI 12C Architecture, reviews the key areas of the Oracle BI system and its Fusion Middleware architecture, with WebLogic at the core of the system.

Chapter 2, Installing the Prerequisite Software, covers the steps to install the software needed before we can install the Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition (OBIEE) software.

Chapter 3, Installing on Windows Server 2012, provides step-by-step instructions for installing Oracle BI 12c on Windows Server 2012.

Chapter 4, Reviewing the Features of the Reporting Repository, introduces the new interface of the catalog and the tools that are integrated into the presentation services. It also explores the various aspects of the catalog administration.

Chapter 5, Installing and Configuring Client Tools, focuses on installing the client software, configuring a connection to the OBIEE server and the database, creating shortcuts, and testing the client software.

Chapter 6, Understanding the Systems Management Tools, goes into greater detail about the system management tools that tie everything together. We'll explain what these components are, what they do, and how they work together. We delve into the navigation of these tools so that you become more familiar with the interfaces and learn what components are specific to Oracle BI 12c. We will also explore which key controls are used to maintain the Oracle BI 12c environment.

Chapter 7, Developing the BI Server Repository, covers the development of a simple RPD, from importing tables in a database through to how these objects are presented to us when we move on to creating an actual request.

Chapter 8, Creating Dashboards and Analyses, shows us how to create analyses, and how to present them on Dashboards. We demonstrate the various ways of representing and formatting data that are available, along with advice on best practices gained from implementation experience.

Chapter 9, Agents and Action Framework, looks at a few functions that Oracle BI provides in an attempt to help organizations succeed at moving a user from a transactional reporting mindset to an analytical one.

Chapter 10, Developing Reports Using BI Publisher, covers the main features of BI Publisher in order to get you up to speed in using the tool. We also mention some of the new features of 12c.

Chapter 11, Usage Tracking, describes how to activate the usage tracking feature and create useful reports from it. We also learn how to fine-tune and improve the usage tracking feature.

Chapter 12, Improving Performance, looks at some common techniques to reduce common bottlenecks that can exist in the process of delivering dashboards and reports to the users. We look across the whole system, defining poor performance, and, where required, show the steps to improve performance.

Chapter 13: Using the BI Admin Change Management Utilities,describes some of the other utilities in the Administration tool that can aid and simplify the development process.

Chapter 14: Ancillary Installation Options, highlights some of the most common post-configuration installation options and discusses many of the real-world implementations that we've experienced.

Chapter 15: Reporting Databases,covers a brief introduction to the theory and guidelines for creating a warehouse, and an example of creating a warehouse.

Chapter 16: Customizing the Style of Dashboards,shows how to change a style and how to create and implement a new style.

Chapter 17: Upgrading to 12c, covers how to utilize the Upgrade Assistant in order to migrate some of the core components to 12c.

What you need for this book

To work through the steps in this book, you will need access to a Windows machine, preferably running Windows Server (but Windows 10 can cope), and a copy of SQL Server 2016. If you don’t have one, Microsoft has now released the SQL Server 2016 Developer Edition as a free download, and it will work just fine for working through the recipes.

You can download the developer edition from https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server/sql-server-editions-developers or use the shortcut http://bit.ly/sql2016dev.

To mirror our setup, you also need the AdventureWorks 2014 multi-dimensional database. You can find the samples database at https://msftdbprodsamples.codeplex.com/releases/view/125550.

You will also need to register an account on Oracle.com – don’t worry, its free!

If you would like to practice the install on Linux, then we recommend that you download the Oracle VirtualBox software and load an Oracle Linux virtual machine.

Who this book is for

A wide variety of users will find this book valuable. If you are an IT professional, business analyst, project manager, and/or newcomer to Business Intelligence who wish to learn from self-paced professional guidance and actual implementation experience, this book is for you. Ultimately, this book is for anyone who needs a solid grounding in the subject of Oracle Business Intelligence.

Approach: this book will take you from one feature to another in a step-by-step manner and will teach how to create effective business intelligence using Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition. You will be taught how to create BI solutions and dashboards from scratch. There will be multiple modules in the book, each module spread in chapters, each of which will cover each aspect of business intelligence in a systematic manner.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: Select the BI Publisher Reports folder, which you created in the previous exercise.

A block of code is set as follows:

select dg.DepartmentGroupName,

    d.CalendarYear,

    sum(f.Amount)

  from

    DimDepartmentGroup dg,

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

DECLARE @collate sysname SELECT @collate = convert(sysname, serverproperty('COLLATION')) IF ( charindex(N'_CI', @collate) > 0 ) BEGIN select @collate = replace(@collate, N'_CI', N'_CS')

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

C:Javajdk1.8.0_74binjava.exe -jar fmw_12.2.1.0.0_infrastructure.jar

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, in menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: Click on the Save button.

Note

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tip

Tips and tricks appear like this.

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Chapter 1. Oracle BI 12c Architecture

Fans of the Oracle BI suite of products will find Oracle Business Intelligence (Oracle BI) 12c a refreshing software version, both from its visual advancements and its technical foundation changes. This version of Oracle BI brings Oracle's flagship analytics system to the next level while maintaining its core enterprise-architecture concepts. The updated architecture allows for easier scalability of the solution across multiple servers, brings departmental BI and data visualization concepts into the mix, and strengthens its deployment processes with its new lifecycle-management tools. This chapter focuses on an overview of the Oracle BI 12c architecture, with occasional references to its predecessor to give some perspective as to how far the Oracle BI 12 release has come in terms of a more straightforward implementation process and increased functionality.

Let's look at the big picture

Going right for the guts of the platform, it is best to understand how the Oracle BI 12c system is laid out by looking at the logical interoperability of the architectural components. Oracle BI 12c is a combination of several core technologies, which reside as common software components within the Oracle Fusion Middleware (FMW) stack inside the Oracle software eco-system.

The following illustration shows some of Oracle BI 12c's logical architecture components. Users of Oracle BI 11g will find some of this topology familiar, yet clearly different in many ways:

Oracle BI Domain: This is the core architecture of Oracle BI 12c

WebLogic Server: This is the chosen application server for Oracle BI 12c

Service Instance: The structural housing for all critical Oracle BI artifacts (metadata) that would allow delineated movement from one environment to another (also multi-tenancy in future releases)

Javacomponents: These are the components which have been written in Java for Oracle BI 12c. They are deployed to the application server and WebLogic Server

BI System Components: These are the components which have been written mainly in C++ for Oracle BI 12c

Oracle BI relational repository: This is a set of database schemas (BIPLATFORM and MDS) that store metadata related to a specific Oracle BI 12c instance

Oracle BI filesystem: This is the instructional set of physical files and directories containing configuration, logs, and metadata concerning the Oracle BI 12c instance

Similar to the Oracle BI 11g environment, once the software has been installed, all of the components in the architecture topology shown will exist. These components are transparent to the end users (that is, users in the organization who will view dashboards, reports, receive alerts, and so on). However, for the Oracle BI 12c administrators, and those that need to work with the technical aspect of the system, each of these areas of the Oracle BI 12c architecture is very important.

Terminology differences from Oracle BI 11g

There are a few noticeable changes in