Mexican American Baseball in East Los Angeles
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Richard A. Santillan
Author Richard A. Santillan, professor emeritus of ethnic and women studies at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, and coauthors Mark A. Ocegueda, PhD student in history at the University of California, Irvine, and Terry A. Cannon, executive director of the Baseball Reliquary, serve as advisors to the Latino Baseball History Project in San Bernardino. The project and players� families provided the vintage photographs presented here.
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Mexican American Baseball in East Los Angeles - Richard A. Santillan
Benítez
INTRODUCTION
The history of Mexican American baseball dates back to the massive immigration of Mexicans into East Los Angeles during the first two decades of the 20th century, mainly due to the Mexican Revolution. East Los Angeles was then a vibrant melting pot of ethnic groups. It gradually evolved into the largest Mexican American community in the United States. Its residents often refer to this area as East LA, the Eastside, and, with affection (con cariño), as East Los. East Los Angeles is located east of the Los Angeles River and is linked to downtown Los Angeles by several concrete bridges built by the Works Progress Administration during the Great Depression. The community is both flat and hilly and is divided into several distinct subcommunities, including City Terrace, Boyle Heights, Belvedere, Lincoln Heights, El Sereno, Hazard, Estrada Courts, Maravilla, Ramona Gardens, Pico-Aliso, Russian Flats, Tortilla Flats, and Hillside Village. More important than geography, Mexicans and Mexican Americans are linked politically, economically, culturally, linguistically, and spiritually.
Mexican Americans found employment in and around East Los Angeles in packinghouses, railroads, tire companies, hardware stores, hospitals, produce markets, foundries, garment shops, steel and auto plants, hospitals, and trucking companies. There were countless Mexican-owned businesses, including restaurants, barbershops, beauty salons, printers, hardware stores, meat markets, fruit stands, furniture and clothing stores, jewelry shops, auto repair, television and radio repair, cleaners, record stores, bars and liquor stores, construction, waste management, auto lots, art galleries, and landscaping. A few lucky ones found employment with the City of Los Angeles.
East Los Angeles has witnessed major political events since the 1930s, including the Great Depression and Repatriation Program, the Zoot-Suit Rebellion and the Sleepy Lagoon case, World War II, Korea, and Vietnam, the postwar civil rights movement, the election of Edward Roybal to the Los Angeles City Council and US Congress, Bloody Christmas, the Viva Kennedy Clubs, the attempts to incorporate East Los Angeles into a city, the emergence of La Raza Unida Party, the rise of the Chicano movement, the walk-outs and Chicano Moratorium, the death of Rubén Salazar at the Silver Dollar Bar, the establishment of Chicano studies, the renaming of Brooklyn Avenue to Cesar E. Chávez, the election of Gloria Molina to the Los Angeles Board of Supervisors, the election of Antonio Villaraigosa as mayor of Los Angeles, the rise of the immigrant rights movement, the ongoing battle against physical displacement by freeways, urban renewal, and gentrification, and so much