Cybersecurity for Small Businesses and Nonprofits
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Cybersecurity for Small Businesses and Nonprofits - Jane LeClair
Cybersecurity for
Small Businesses and Nonprofits
Copyright © 2016 by Excelsior College
Published by arrangement with
Excelsior College’s National Cybersecurity Institute (NCI)
All rights reserved.
The information provided within this book is for general, educational, and informational purposes only. There are no representations or warranties, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability with respect to the information, products, or services, for any purpose. Mention of specific products is for purposes of illustration. The authors have no affiliations with or vested interests in any named products. Any use or application of information is at your own risk.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Hudson Whitman/ Excelsior College Press
7 Columbia Circle
Albany, NY 12203
www.hudsonwhitman.com
Printed in the United States of America
Book design by Sue Morreale
Cover design by Philip E. Pascuzzo
ISBN 978-1-944079-90-1
eISBN 978-1-944079-10-9
Contents
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Cybersecurity Threats
Chapter 2 Unique Cybersecurity Issues Impacting Small Businesses
Chapter 3 Cybersecurity Laws and Policies
Chapter 4 Workforce Skills
Chapter 5 Best Practices
Chapter 6 Future Trends
Chapter 7 Cyber Tools for Small Business
Glossary
Sources of Further Information
References
About the Authors
Acknowledgments
This book on cybersecurity for small businesses and nonprofits was a pleasure to write, but a book of any sort is never written alone, and that is certainly true of this one. The authors wish to thank everyone who contributed their time and efforts bringing this work to fruition. Without their guidance, assistance, and never ending patience, it would never have happened. Thank you.
Chapter 1
Cybersecurity Threats
Cybersecurity threats continue to expand, with hackers targeting small businesses and nonprofit organizations as well as large corporations. Cybercriminals want financial information, customer information and business secrets. Sales of stolen digital data are estimated to be a multibillion dollar market—equal to if not greater than the illegal drug market (Schmid, 2015).
What Hackers Are Doing
Regardless of the type of business or organization, key threats from hackers include:
Ransomware
Ransomware is a general name for malware that is designed to lock data files via encryption and demand payment to receive a key to unlock the files. Common versions of ransomware include CryptoLocker and CryptoWall. Police ransomware is a variation that tells the victim a law enforcement agency, such as the FBI, caught the victim performing an illegal act on the Internet and demands payment (Zetter, 2015).
Cyber Economic Espionage
The FBI is highly concerned about the increase in cyber economic espionage (Bruer, 2015; FBI, 2015). Nation-states and possibly individual criminal hackers or organized gangs increasingly target businesses to steal company secrets (Goodman, 2015; Zetter, 2015). They penetrate a business’s network and steal blueprints, sales strategies, merger plans, product designs, patents, and formulas. The stolen information is used for gain in another company to improve the other company’s competitive advantages.
Sophisticated Malware
Hackers continue to make their malware more sophisticated. They target specific audiences to improve their odds of success. The attacks are more secretive, with hidden coding and paths of entry.
The criminals are endlessly releasing new mutations and variants of malware. As of June 2015, approximately 40,000 new malware variants were identified (McAfee Labs, 2015).
Website Malware
Businesses are susceptible to malware attacks on their public websites. The intent is often to use the website as a distribution point