Bradshaw’s Continental Railway Guide (full edition)

By Bloomsbury Publishing

A facsimile edition of Bradshaw's fascinating guide to Europe's rail network.

Bradshaw's descriptive railway handbook of Europe was originally published in 1913 and was the inspiration behind Michael Portillo's BBC television series 'Great Continental Railway Journeys'. It is divided into three sections: timetables for services covering the continent; short guides to the best places to see and to stay in each city; and a wealth of advertisements and ephemeral materials concerning hotels, restaurants and services that might be required by the early twentieth century rail traveller. This beautifully illustrated facsimile edition offers a fascinating glimpse of Europe and of a transport network that was shortly devastated by the greatest war the world had ever seen.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
• Release date: Jan 20, 2013
• ISBN: 9781908402691

Book preview

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CONTENTS

TO TRAVELLERS

FOREIGN AMBASSADORS, MINISTERS, CONSULS, &c., IN LONDON

FRANCE

BELGIUM (LA BELGIQUE)

HOLLAND; OR, THE NETHERLANDS

LUXEMBURG (GRAND DUCHY)

GERMANY—THE RHINE: FROM COLOGNE TO MANNHEIM

GERMANY—THE BLACK FOREST: (DER SCHWARZWALD.)

GERMANY

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY

SWITZERLAND: (WITH MAP IN SPECIAL EDITION.)

ITALY

SICILY.—(SICILIA)

SPAIN

PORTUGAL

ISLANDS

SPECIAL EDITION

TO TRAVELLERS.

THE best thanks of the Editor will be given to any Traveller who may do him the favour to point out inaccuracies in this Work, or furnish any information which will be useful to Travellers in general—addressed BRADSHAW HOUSE, 5, SURREY STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. With this view, a few leaves of writing-paper, for stray remarks, are introduced at the end of the Special Edition. Please write only on one side of the sheet, if possible; and note the article, page, and date of the CONTINENTAL GUIDE referred to. All names of Places and Persons should be written very distinctly.

The Editor will also be happy to reply to inquiries having reference to the tables, etc., should difficulties be encountered in using the GUIDE.

The SPECIAL EDITION of the CONTINENTAL GUIDE contains additional information, together with Thirty-two Maps, price 3s. 6d. (per post, 3s. 11d.).

1.—TRAVELLING ON THE CONTINENT.

How to reach your destination.—There should be little or no difficulty encountered whilst tracing the best route to any part of the Continent. Should the proposed destination be a town of historical or commercial importance, a notable pleasure resort, or a prominent watering place, it is almost certain to be included in the list of places to which routes from London are traced on pages lxxiii to cxvii. If these routes are carefully followed through the tables on the pages referred to, and section by section on the map, the journey will be easily traced. When the destination is a place of minor importance, the traveller, by the aid of the Index, should first find the table in which it appears, then, guided by the names of leading stations on the same line, the position on the map of the destination may be discovered; this ascertained, it is only needful to look on the map for the nearest large place to which a route is traced.

Tourist Agencies.—Messrs. COOK and SON, Ludgate Circus; The Polytechnic Touring Association, 309, Regent Street, W.; Cruising Company Limited, 5, Endsleigh Gardens, Euston Road; Messrs. DEAN and DAWSON, 82, Strand, W.C. At their head or branch offices, at home and abroad, particulars may be obtained of Excursions, by single, return, and circular tickets, or by International Travelling Tickets; including Coupon for board and lodging for one or more persons, or for parties personally conducted. The Routes comprise the chief towns on the Continent, in the East, the United States and Canada; also trips round the World, or by Steamers of the various Companies to all parts of the globe. Each firm issues a periodical List, giving full information.

CUSTOM-HOUSE REGULATIONS.

In practically all European Countries no merchandise is allowed to enter free of duty. In the case of travellers the custom-house officials have a certain latitude allowed them, and in France, for instance, the question, Have you anything to declare? if answered in the negative is very frequently followed, in the absence of any suspicious circumstances, by the traveller being allowed to pass almost without examination.

As regards articles usually taken by travellers, we have, after careful enquiry from officials, drawn up the following information, in order to meet frequently expressed wishes, but it must be clearly understood that the only way to avoid trouble is to be perfectly open in stating what there is in the baggage, and to exercise reasonable courtesy towards the officials.

Cut Tobacco.—As a rule enough for the railway journey, say an opened packet (of not more than 1½ ounces).

Cigars.—In France or Germany, enough for the railway journey (about ten). Cigarettes, about twenty. Spain, only a few, not more than 20. In Italy, half-a-dozen. In Portugal, one opened box.

Spirits or Wine.—A small bottle, which must have been uncorked and used from. In Italy, under two gills.

Patent Medicines.—What is needed for the journey; in France, subject to duty, in Germany free, excepting pills. In Portugal, only one bottle free, rest pays duty.

Sporting Guns and Rifles.—Must pay duty according to weight in Germany, Portugal, and Belgium. For Spain, a permit must be obtained previously from the Civil Governor of District (cost about 60 pesetas each gun). Military rifles, as a rule, are forbidden.

ENGLAND.

Passengers are allowed duty free, 1 pint of drinkable Spirit, ½ pint of Liqueur or perfumed Spirit (eau de Cologne, etc.), and ½ lb. of Cigars or Tobacco; Passengers from the Channel Islands are only allowed half these quantities. The goods must be produced, and if the above quantities are exceeded, duty is charged on the whole.

STEAMER SERVICE.—PRIVATE CABINS.

In all cases requests for reserved accommodation should be made in advance.

Via Dover and Calais.—Extra Charges for Private Cabins irrespective of the number of Passengers occupying them:—

For extra charges on Turbine Steamers see below, Folkestone and Boulogne Route.

EXCESS FARES.—Passengers holding Second Class Tickets can pay the excess for Saloon on board. From Dover to Calais, or vice versa, 2s. Excess for Third Class Passengers, 3s.

Apply to Continental Inquiry Office, Victoria Station, or Charing Cross Station, London; or to Capt. Dixon, Dover; in Calais, to Capt. Blomefield, Gare Maritime; in Paris, to Capt. Churchward, 14, Rue du 4 Septembre.

Passengers holding Second Class Tickets can pay excess for Saloon on board. From Folkestone to Boulogne, or vice versa, 2s. Excess for Third Class Passengers, 3s.

Apply to Continental Inquiry Office, Victoria Station, or Charing Cross Station, London; or to Capt. Dixon, Folkestone Harbour; in Boulogne, to Major Stevens, Quai Chanzy; in Paris, to Capt. Churchward, 14, Rue du 4 Septembre.

Via Dover and Ostend.—PRIVATE CABIN, in addition to First Class Fare, 5s. 8d. (Princesse Clementine only); Double Cabin 11s. 3d. On the Jan Breydel, Pieter de Coninck, Princesse Elisabeth, Princesse Henriette, Princesse Josephine, Leopold II, Princesse Clementine, Rapide and Marie Henriette, the extra charge for Cabins is as follows:—Double Cabin, 11s. 3d.; Special Cabin*, £1 2s. 5d.; State Room, £3.

*—The Rapide, Princesso Henriette, and Princesse Josephine have no Special Cabin.

EXCESS FARES.—Second Class Passengers may travel Saloon on the Dover and Ostend Boats on payment of 2s. on board.

Apply to Belgian Mail Office, 53, Gracechurch Street, London; or to Messrs. Friend & Co., Strond Street, Dover; at Ostend, to the Chef de Gare, Quai Station.

Via Folkestone and Queenborough and Flushing.—

EXCESS FARES.—Second Class Passengers may travel in Saloon on board the Day or Night Flushing Steamers on payment of 8s. (Children between 4 and 10 years 4s.); or 13s. return Adults (children between 4 and 10 years, 6s. 6d).

Passengers by the Night Service from London, wishing to break the journey at Flushing, may remain in their berths till about 7.0 a.m., so as to leave the Boat at a more convenient hour.

Second Class Passengers may use the First Saloon of the Steamboats by payment on board of 5s., and Third Class Passengers may use Second Saloon of the Night Boats on payment of 3s. 6d., but are not allowed to use the First Saloon.

First Class Passengers can reserve Sofa Berths in the Ladies’ and Gentlemen’s Saloons of the Steamers on payment of a fee of 1s. (1fr. 25c. in France) per berth. Second Class Berths cannot be re served.

Apply to the Marine Superintendent, Newhaven; at Dieppe, to the Chef de Gare Maritime.

Via Southampton and Havre.—The cabins are two berth and four berth. Berths in cabins on the promenade deck, 2s. 6d. extra. No extra charge for berths in cabins on main and lower decks. Exclusive use of cabin on promenade deck, £1, and cabins on main and lower decks, 10s. per unoccupied berth.

Apply to the Docks and Marine Manager, L. and S. W. Rly., Southampton.

Via Harwich and Hoek van Holland and Harwich and Antwerp.—STATE ROOMS, extra charge if occupied by two persons 10s., if reserved for one person 20s. DECK CABINS.—An extra charge of 5s. per Berth in these Cabins, but if an entire Cabin is specially reserved, the extra charge will be as follows:—

Passengers desiring a Cabin in the First Class General Sleeping Saloon to be reserved for themselves will be charged 13s. for each unoccupied Berth.

Passengers holding Tickets available Second Class on the Steamer can travel First Class (Saloon) on board the Hook of Holland and Antwerp Steamers by an extra payment of 7s. on a single and 11s. on a return ticket.

Apply to the Marine Superintendent, Parkeston Quay, Harwich; at Hoek van Holland or at Antwerp, to the Great Eastern Railway Co.’s Agent.

Children.—Children travel free up to the age of three years throughout the greater part of the Continent. In Belgium children between three and eight pay half price; in France and Italy, between three and seven, half price; in Germany and Holland, between four and ten; in Switzerland between four and twelve.

The Registration of Luggage saves the Passenger from all trouble and expense of landing and shipping the Luggage and conveying it between the Train and Boat, Harbour Dues, and other imposts hitherto made; secures in some cases an allowance (25 kilos. or 56 lbs.) of Luggage free of charge, also the privilege of paying before departure the charge for the conveyance of Excess Luggage, according to a Fixed Through Rate. Occasionally at inland places of lesser importance Customs Examinations are not made late at night nor on Sunday. As a rule, all luggage, registered or not, is examined at the frontier station of each country by the customs authorities, and travellers are advised to personally attend the examination. Almost the only exceptions are in the case of luggage registered to Paris, when the examination is made at Paris, and in the case of some Trains de Luxe, when the examination is made in the train.

REGISTRATION FEES

Continental Luggage Rates.—No free allowance of luggage is made by the German Railway Administrations, and the Dutch Railways make no free allowance of luggage in transit through Holland; on the other hand passengers holding ordinary through tickets to Belgium, France, Holland, and Spain, are allowed 56 lbs. free luggage per ticket; passengers to Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Russia, are granted a free allowance of 56 lbs. as far as the German or Swiss frontier.

The English Companies register luggage to destinations in Germany, and the luggage charges take into account the free allowance as far as Herbesthal, or Flushing, or Hoek van Holland, as the case may be. There are fifteen luggage zones in Germany, and, as the charges are reduced according to the number of tickets, it is impossible to reproduce the extensive series of tables prepared for use by the English Companies.

At the top right and left hand corners of the Railway Table pages the luggage rates will generally be found. See also for Austria page, 237b; Belgium, page 424; France, page 383; Germany, page 462; Holland, page 440; Hungary, page 233b; Italy, page 269; Portugal, page 577. Switzerland, page 511; Spain, page 565;

Cycles.—The French Customs tax Cycles entering France at the rate of 2 fr. 20 c. per kilogramme (about 10d. per lb.), but this charge will be refunded on leaving France, provided that the passenger declares at the time of payment his intention of reclaiming it. Similarly entering Italy, charges of 1 lr. 70 c. per chilogrammo (about 8½d. per lb.), and entering Switzerland, 1fr. 45c. per kilogramme (about 7d. per lb.) are made, which are refunded on leaving. The Refund Permit is valid 12 months. Cyclists belonging to a club will not be charged duty, on production of their cards of membership. Entering Holland, 5 per cent. on their value, but Cyclists accompanying their own machines will not be charged duty. Entering Belgium, a minimum charge of 18 frs. is made, which is refunded when leaving. Entering Germany, no duty is charged, unless the machines are for commercial purposes. Entering Austria, a charge of about 41s. 8d. (50 kronen) is made (refunded on leaving the Country), and there are no special facilities to members of clubs.

Passengers wishing to cycle in France must apply to the Customs Authorities on landing for the necessary permit. This permit, which is supplied on payment of 60 centimes, is available for three months.

Motor Cars.—Detailed information regarding Motor Car regulations upon the Continent will be found in the Handbook of the Automobile Club.

Sunday Services Abroad.—CHURCH OF ENGLAND SERVICES are mostly supplied by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (15, Tufton Street, Westminster, S.W.); and the Colonial and Continental Church Society (9, Serjeants’ Inn, Fleet Street, E.C.) A few Embassy and Consular Chaplains are still appointed or partly supported by the Foreign Office.

II.—POSTAL REGULATIONS.

Postage.—The rates of postage to be prepaid on letters posted in Great Britain addressed to places abroad are: For all British Colonies and Possessions, for Egypt, and for the United States of America, 1d. per ounce; for all other places abroad, 2½d. for the first ounce, and 1½d. for each additional ounce. Post Cards are 1d.; Newspapers, ½d. per 2oz.; 1d. per 4oz.; Books, ½d. per 2oz. In most countries of the Postal Union the letter postage to Great Britain will be at the rate of 25 centimes or their equivalent for the first 20 grammes or 1 ounce, according to the system of weights in use, and 15 centimes or their equivalent for every additional 20 grammes or 1 ounce. The European countries not accepting the general rule are France, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Russia, Servia, and Turkey. Within the Union, Prepayment by postage stamps of the country from which the Letter is sent, is compulsory. If a Letter be insufficiently prepaid, the extra charge is double the deficiency. For Registered Letters 2d. extra is charged. Newspapers are not allowed to be sent through the post in Russia.

Poste Restante.—Letters for the Continent should be addressed very legibly, particularly the Christian and Surname, which latter should be UNDERLINED, omitting Esquire, Bart., or other title, which Officers of Foreign Post Offices are apt to take for a name. Persons applying for letters should present a Card with the name written plainly. It is always better to direct letters to the care of a Banker or an Hotel, as Letters and parcels addressed Poste Restante are apt to get lost.

International Express Service.—Letters from Great Britain marked Express, upon which a special fee of 3d. in addition to the postage has been paid, will be delivered by Express Messenger in the following countries:

Austria

Belgium

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Denmark

France

Germany

Holland

Hungary

Italy

Luxemburg

Montenegro

Norway

Portugal

Servia

Switzerland

When the address is beyond the usual postal delivery an additional charge will be levied at the destination.

Reply Coupons.—Coupons exchangeable for stamps of the value of 25 centimes (2½d.) can be purchased at any Money Order Office in Great Britain at a cost of 3d. for the purpose of prepaying replies to letters. The coupons are exchangeable at the Post Office of the place of destination for local postage stamps. This system is available for:—

Algeria

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Crete

Denmark

Egypt

France

Germany

Gibraltar

Greece

Holland

Hungary

Italy

Luxemburg

Norway

Roumania

Sweden

Switzerland

Tunis

Turkey

Telegrams.—Charges from any part of the United Kingdom to the following countries:—

In no case is a lower sum than tenpence accepted for a telegram or reply.

III.—INFORMATION RESPECTING PASSPORTS.

Travellers to any part of the Continent wishing to save trouble or unnecessary expense can obtain Passports through the London Office of BRADSHAW’S GUIDE, BRADSHAW HOUSE, 5, SURREY STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Special printed forms of application will be sent on receipt of stamped envelope, and the Passport, duly visé if necessary, can be forwarded by post if desired.

Fee for obtaining Passport 5s., including Foreign Office charge; ditto for each visa, 2s. in addition to the Consulate charges. Passport cases 2s. and 3s. 6d. Name lettered in gold, 1s. 6d. Passports mounted on linen, 1s. 6d.

Passports Abroad.—As every police officer abroad is authorised to inspect a Passport, it should be carried about the person. To protect it from friction, it should be bound in a pocket book.

Regulations respecting Passports.

1.—Passports are granted to such persons as are known to the Secretary of State, or recommended to him by some person who is known to him; or upon the production of a Certificate of Identity and Recommendation signed by any Banking Firm established in the United Kingdom, or by any Mayor, Magistrate, Justice of the Peace, Minister of Religion, Barrister-at-Law Physician, Surgeon. Solicitor, or Notary, resident in the United Kingdom. The applicant’s Certificate of Birth may also be required, in addition to the Certificate of Identity and Recommendation.

Special printed forms must be used, they may be obtained from Bradshaw’s Guide Office, Bradshaw House, 5, Surrey Street, Strand, London, W.C.

Passports are granted only (1) to natural-born British subjects, viz., persons born within His Majesty’s Dominions, and to persons born abroad who derive British nationality from a father or paternal grandfather born within His Majesty’s Dominions, and who, under the provisions of the Acts 4 George II, cap. 21, and 13 George III, cap. 21, are to be adjudged and taken to be natural-born British subjects; (2) to the wives and widows of such persons; and (3) to persons naturalised in the United Kingdom, in the British Colonies, or in India.

A married woman is deemed to be a subject of the State of which her husband is for the time being a subject.

2.—If the applicant for a Passport be a Naturalized British subject, the Certificate of Naturalization must be forwarded to the Foreign Office with the Declaration or Letter of Recommendation. Naturalized British subjects, if resident in London or in the Suburbs, must apply personally for their Passports at the Foreign Office; if resident in the Country, the Passport will be sent, and the Certificate of Naturalization returned, to the person who may have verified the Declaration for delivery to the applicant.

Naturalized British subjects will be described as such in their Passports, which will be issued subject to the necessary qualifications.

3.—Passports are only available for five years from the date of issue.

4.—A Passport cannot be issued by the Foreign Office, or by an Agent at an outport, on behalf of a person already abroad; such person should apply for one to the nearest British Mission or Consulate.

5.—Travellers who intend to visit the Russian Empire, the Turkish Dominions, or the Kingdom of Rumania, Persia, Colombia, Venezuela, Hayti, or Eritrea, in the course of their travels, must not leave the United Kingdom without having had their Passports vises by the Consuls of these Countries. Travellers about to proceed to any other country need not obtain the visa of the Diplomatic or Consular Agents of such country.

Austria and Hungary.—Although Passports are not legally necessary, travellers are advised to carry them. For purposes of residence a Passport or other document to prove identity is necessary.

Belgium.—It is desirable for travellers to possess Passports. For purposes of residence registration at the Police Office of the district is required, and a Passport is accepted as evidence of identity.

Bulgaria.—Travellers should carry Passports of recent date.

Denmark.—No Regulations in force. But Passports or similar documents may be required by the Police from persons accepting employment in Denmark before furnishing them with an "opholdsbog (situation book), or from music hall artistes. ICELAND.—No Regulations in force.

Egypt.—Passports not required by law, but travellers are advised to carry them. For travelling in other parts of the Ottoman dominions, see TURKEY.

France.—The possession of a Passport may save inconvenience, since evidence of identity may at any time be required. For permanent residence, or to exercise profession or trade, a declaration must be made at the Mairie of the Commune within a few days of arrival. ALGERIA and TUNIS.—Regulations similar to France.

German Empire.—The possession of a Passport is not obligatory, but as evidence of identity may at any time be required, it is very desirable for travellers, especially if they intend to reside for any length of time, to be provided with Passports. Children sent to schools in Germany should carry Passports.

Greece.—No Regulations in force, except as regards persons entering the country by the land frontier, who are sometimes required to be in possession of Passports.

Italy.—The possession of a Passport is not obligatory, but travellers may at any time be required to give a satisfactory account of themselves, and to establish their identity.

Montenegro.—No special Regulations exist, but a Passport properly visé is required for travelling through the surrounding Turkish and Austrian territories.

Morocco.—It is advisable for travellers to be provided with Passports. Any one wishing to travel into the interior should consult His Majesty’s Minister at Tangier or the British Consul for the district through which his route lies.

Netherlands.—The possession of a Passport is not strictly necessary, but is recommended for purposes of identification.

Norway.—No Regulations in force.

Portugal.—Travellers are advised to provide themselves with Passports. For residence, proof of nationality is required, and in travelling a Passport may save the bearer much inconvenience. AZORES.—A passport is advisable. MADEIRA.—No Regulations in force.

Rumania.—Passport necessary. It must be visé by a Rumanian Consul in the United Kingdom.

Russia.—Visitors to Russia must be provided with Passports bearing the visa of a Russian Diplomatic or Consular officer. Without such visa they will not be allowed to enter the country. To persons of the Jewish faith the visa is only granted in special circumstances. The visa must be of recent date, no traveller can enter Russia with a visa more than six months old.

The Passport will enable the holder to reside in Russia for six months, when it must be exchanged at the Prefecture of St. Petersburg, or at the Chancery of a Provincial Governor, for a Russian Billet de Séjour to be renewed annually.

The cost of such a Billet de Séjour varies from 7r. 15c. to 1 r. 29c. Each Billet de Séjour, on first issue or renewal, must be delivered to the local police officer for inscription or visa. For non-renewal of a Billet de Séjour at the time of its expiration a fine is exacted.

On leaving Russia a Police Certificate must be obtained, or, if resident more than six months, the Billet de Séjour must be returned, when the Passport will be handed back to the owner with the necessary authorization to leave.

Servia.—Travellers are required to produce Passports on entering the country.

Spain.—It is most advisable for travellers to be provided with Passports. The visa of a Spanish Consul is not necessary, but will be found useful in travelling in provincial towns and country districts. CANARY ISLANDS.—No Regulations in force.

Sweden.—No Regulations in force.

Switzerland.—A Passport or similar document is necessary in order to obtain a Permis de Séjour. Children sent to schools in Switzerland should carry Passports.

Turkish Empire.—A Passport bearing the visa of a Turkish Consular officer is required on entering the country. On leaving Turkey the visa of a British Consul should be obtained.

FOREIGN AMBASSADORS, MINISTERS, CONSULS, &c., IN LONDON.

FOR REGULATIONS AS TO PASSPORTS SEE PRECEDING PAGES.

CONTINENTAL TIME.

In BELGIUM, FRANCE, SPAIN, and PORTUGAL the railway services are arranged according to West Europe (Greenwich) Time; in HOLLAND, according to Amsterdam Time, which is 20 minutes in advance of Greenwich Time; in GERMANY, AUSTRIA, HUNGARY, SWITZERLAND, ITALY, SERVIA, DENMARK, NORWAY, SWEDEN, and part of TURKEY, according to Mid Europe Time, which is one hour in advance of West Europe Time; in BULGARIA, RUMANIA, and part of TURKEY, according to East Europe Time, which is one hour in advance of Mid Europe Time, and two hours in advance of West Europe Time; in GREECE, according to Athens Time; in RUSSIA, the train services in this Guide are according to St. Petersburg Time, but the railway authorities usually issue time tables also shewing the services by local time, such as Warsaw and Moscow Time, etc.

IN BELGIUM, FRANCE, ITALY, SPAIN, AND PORTUGAL TIME is reckoned to 24 o’clock.

A CONCISE TABLE OF FOREIGN MONEYS,

REDUCED FROM ENGLISH into the CURRENCY of OTHER COUNTRIES AT PAR.

IV.—FOREIGN MONEY—LETTERS OF CREDIT.

Drafts and Letters of Credit Payable in Foreign Money may be had on the principal towns abroad from Foreign bankers in London, which are subject to no deduction for exchange or commission; the sums payable being fixed on this side; they only require a foreign bill stamp according to the law of the country where they are made payable.

Circular Notes of small denomination are issued (£10, £20) for the convenience of the traveller by most of the principal London bankers, and form a very safe and convenient kind of Letter of Credit. A Letter indicating the name of the correspondent abroad accompanies the note, which must be produced on presenting it for payment; and tourists should be careful to keep the letter always separate from the notes.

The traveller should be always provided with small change in the legal current coin of the country through which he passes, as every exchange entails a consequent loss. English Money and Bank Notes can be exchanged in the principal Continental Cities, but it is better to be provided with Foreign Currency before leaving for the Continent, especially as half-sovereigns, etc., are sometimes refused abroad or changed under value.

GOLD AND SILVER COIN TABLE.—Showing the approximate values of the following Gold and Silver Coins abroad, subject to variations according to the fluctuations in the rates of exchange. Corrected monthly by Messrs. A. KEYSER & CO., 21, Cornhill, London, E.C., from whom drafts and letters of credit on the principal towns abroad may be obtained.

THE METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, WITH ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS.

The Metric System of Weights and Measures, with trifling variations of denomination, has been adopted in the following countries:—

AUSTRIA

BELGIUM

DENMARK

FRANCE

GERMANY

*GREECE

HOLLAND

HUNGARY

ITALY

NORWAY

PORTUGAL

§RUMANIA

SERVIA

SPAIN

SWEDEN

SWITZERLAND

§TURKEY

*—In Greece the following weights may be used—

1 Oke = 2.80 lbs. avoirdupois.

1 Stater = 44 Oke = 123.2 lbs. avoirdupois.

§—In Turkey and Rumania the following weights are also used—

1 Oke = 2.83 lbs. avoirdupois.

1 Kintal = 44 Oke = 125 lbs. avoirdupois.

RUSSIAN WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

Verst = 0.663 mile. 1 Pood = 40 Pund = 36.12 lbs. avoirdupois. Vedro = 2.7 imperial gallons

DISTANCE AND MEASURE TABLES.

Kilomètre and Mètre Tables.

Distances on Continental Railways are generally measured by the Kilometre (kilometer, chilometro, etc.) of 1,000 mètres. One mètre=1.094 English yard=3.281 feet=39.37 inches=1 ¹/10th yard nearly. Hence, to convert mètres into yards, add ¹/10th; to convert yards into mètres, subtract ¹/11th. Hence, again, 10 mètres=32.81 feet; 100 mètres=328.1 feet; 1,000 mètres (or kilomètre)=3,281 feet, or 5 furlongs nearly. Hence, a kilomètre=⅝th of an English mile; or 5 miles=8 kiloms., nearly; or 10 miles=16 kiloms.

To convert English statute miles into geographical (or sea) miles, subtract ⅛th. One sea mile=1.15 English mile=1.85 kilomètre. Hence 100 sea miles=115 English miles=185 kilomètres.

Barometer.—The weather glass and rainfall in France are measured by the Millimètre = ¹/1000th of a Mètre=.0394 inches=⁴/100th of an Inch. Thus, 724 Millimètres (mm.) correspond to 28½ inches; 736½ mm. to 29 inches; 749½ mm. to 29½ inches; 762 mm. to 30 inches; 775 mm. to 30½ inches. (See Table above). For comparison, remember that the Mean Temp. of London is 39° in winter, 50½° annual; and the Rainfall, 25 to 26 inches.

Thermometer Table. — On the Continent thermometers are frequently graded for both Centigrade and Reaumur.

Weights and Measures. — A Penny weighs ⅓ oz., or 10 grammes; a halfpenny, ⅕ oz. A French centime or cent. weighs a gramme; its diameter equals a centimètre; and 100 cents. in a row equal a mètre. 1 Centimètre=10 Millimètres=⁴/10th of an Inch; or 2½ Centimètres=1 Inch. An inch is the diameter of a halfpenny. A penny is ¹/10th foot in diameter.

FRANCE.

The appropriate season for travel in France will be decided by the purpose of the traveller. Spring, summer, and early autumn for the north and west, summer and early autumn for the Pyrenees, winter for the Mediterranean coast; all the year round for Paris. A special interest attaches to Normandy and Picardy, those parts of France nearest to England; there is no wonderful scenery, but a country very like Kent and Surrey, with constant suggestions of a common history—castles, churches, abbeys, and cathedrals, the grandest in the land, erected by men with whom the mediæval Englishman was close kin. In Brittany there is a wild weird coast, old world towns, druidical remains, and a region of legend. Along the Pyrenees the scenery is ruggedly magnificent, forest, torrent, broken and towering mountain, with health resorts crushed in gorges or perched on ridges where the curative springs are most accessible.

Government.—The Republic was proclaimed on Sept. 4th, 1870, but the existing constitution dates from 25th Feb., 1875. The legislative power is exercised by two Assemblies, the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The Deputies (597) are elected by universal suffrage; the Senators number 300. The Deputies and Senators united form the National Assembly. The President (M. Raymond Poincaré, 1913) of the Republic is elected for seven years.

Population.—Pop. (1911) 39,601,509.

Expenditure.—1912, £180,152,703; Revenue £180,162,102. Total Debt (1911), £1,301,718,303.

Army.—(1912) 712,600. On a war footing, probably about 1,300,000 men would be available for the field army.—Navy (1912, including those building), Battleships 25, Cruisers 32, Destroyers 87, Torpedo boats 317, Submarines 89.

Money.—1 franc=100 centimes=9½d. English. GOLD COINS: 20 and 10 francs. SILVER COINS: 5, 2, and 1 franc, 50 and 20 centimes. BRONZE COINS: 10 and 5 centimes. BANK NOTES: 1,000, 500, 200, 100, and 50 francs.

Weights and Measures.

English and French Measures.

Postage.—To England 25c. for 20 grammes—for every 20 grammes more 15 c.; for France 10c. for 20 grammes. Post Cards, 10c. Newspapers, 5c.

Telegraph.—To United Kingdom 20c. a word, minimum charge 1 franc. In France 50c. for 10 words, and 5c. for every additional word.

Time.—The legal time of France, according to which the railways are worked, is the same as Greenwich Time, which is 9 minutes 21 seconds later than the meridian time of Paris. The system of time reckoning from midnight to midnight—24 o’clock—has been introduced as the working time on the French railways. Luggage—66lbs. allowed free; excess luggage, 1 centime per 44lbs. per kilometre.

NOTICES OF TOWNS, WATERING PLACES, ETC.

Abbeville.—Stat.—Pop. 19,669.

HOTEL: TETE DE BŒUF.

A fortified port on the Somme. The fine Gothic Church of St. Wolfram, of 15th and 17th centuries, has a façade richly sculptured, and towers. Musée d’Abbeville et du Ponthieu of natural history, etc.; and the Musée Boucher-de-Perthes, paintings, sculpture, antiquities.

RAIL, pages 18, 20, 29B.

Crecy-en-Ponthieu — HOTEL DU CANON D’OR—the scene of the battle of 26th August, 1346; a cross on the west side of the village indicates the battlefield. Rail from Abbeville, page 29B.]

Abries.

HOTELS: GRAND; POSTE.

The principal village of the upper part of the valley of the Guil, 5,085 ft, above sea, in a district sometimes called the French Engadine, Dry pure air, free of fog. Interesting Romanesque Church. A good centre for excursions among the mountains of the French-Italian frontier. Sport is abundant.

The nearest Railway Station is at Mont Dauphin Guillestre (page 53B), whence is a Diligence service, page 370.

Aix.—Stat.—Pop. 28,923.

HOTELS: ETABLISSEMENT; NEGRE-COSTE.

The ancient capital of Provence, the Aquæ Sextiæ of the Romans, a university city and the seat of an archbishop.

The Cathedral of St. Sauveur, in the north part of the city, dates from the 11th cent.; the choir is of the 13th cent., one aisle is of the 14th cent., the other aisle of the 17th cent.; the carved doors of the portal are of the late 15th cent.; paintings and tapestry in interior. Cloister on south side of the Cathedral—next to it is the Archbishop’s Palace. Opposite the Palace is the University.

In south-east part of the city is the Church of St. Jean de Malte, 14th cent., with lofty spire; tomb of Alphonse II, Count of Provence, in left transept; old paintings. Other interesting churches are La Madeleine, St. Jean Baptiste, and St. Esprit.

The Musée adjoins the church of St. Jean de Malte—collections of paintings, sculpture, and antiquities.

Hotel de Ville, at centre of city, has a tower of the 15th cent.; here is the Library of 170,000 vols. and 1190 MSS.

The Etablissement Thermal is in the northwest quarter; the waters are weak but hot (93–97° Fahr.). Only a few traces of the Roman baths remain.

RAIL, pages 49B, 63A.

Aix-les-Bains.—Stat.—Pop. 8,320.

SPLENDIDE HOTEL ROYAL. — Fashionable hotel, of high reputation, situated in fine elevated position, with Park. Much frequented by English families. See Advt.

HOTEL MIRABEAU.—First class hotel. Unique panorama. Opened June, 1910. See Advt.

REGINA GRAND HOTEL BERNASCON.—Large splendid hotel, beautifully situated, with terrace commanding fine view of the Lake and Mountains. Open all the year. G. Bernascon, Propr. See Adv.

HOTEL BEAU SITE.—Mr. Ch. Rivollier, proprietor. Situated, Boulevard du Parc. Elevated position, with fine views. See Advt.

HOTEL DU NORD ET GRANDE BRETAGNE.—First-class family hotel, well situated near the Bath Establishment, and facing the Grand Cercle. See Advt.

INTERNATIONAL PALACE HOTEL.—Well situated, Avenue de la Gare, near the Casinos. Lift. See Advt.

HOTEL ASTORIA ET DE L’ARC ROMAIN.—First class, facing the Park and Bath Establishment. Every modern comfort and luxury. See Advt.

GRAND HOTEL DU LOUVRE ET SAVOY.—First-class family hotel. Very well situated near the Baths, with garden and fine views of the Lake and Mountain. See Advt.

HOTEL DES ILES BRITANNIQUES.—First class. Connected with the Baths. Modern comforts. Pension from 10 fr. 50c. See Advt.

METROPOLE HOTEL.—Opposite the principal entrance of the Grand Cercle and near the Bath Establishment. Electric light; lift. See Advt.

AIX-LES-BAINS is pleasantly situated in a fine valley of Savoy, 850 ft. above sea, 1¼ mile from Lake Bourget, with beautiful scenery all round; the climate is very mild, the mean temperature being 55° Fahrenheit. The warm sulphur springs were known to the Romans as Aquæ Gratianæ; they are now visited annually by nearly 40,000 persons. The Etablissement Thermal, well appointed, is open all the year, and the treatment is very successful in cases of rheumatism, gout, and skin disease. At the front of the Etablissement is the Arch of Campanus, a Roman burial relic, with niches for the urns containing ashes of persons whose names may be deciphered. Handsome Casino, where splendid fêtes are given.

At the Hotel de Ville is a small Museum of antiquities, including remains of a temple of Diana.

On the south side of Aix, distant about a mile—electric tramway—is Marlioz, where are cold sulphur springs, chiefly for drinking. Fine park.

From the Plateau of Mont Revard (5,000 ft. high), at the foot of which Aix-les-Bains is situated, there is a magnificent view of the country all round, including Mont Blanc and its sister alps. There is a Funicular Railway to the summit, the trains taking just over an hour for the journey. Half-day excursions by coaches and cars are made daily during the season (May to September inclusive) from Aix (Parc extremity of the Avenue de la Gare), at a cost of 5 francs per passenger; these vehicles go in six different directions through most beautiful and varied scenery. There is also a day excursion made two or three times a week to La Grande Chartreuse, at a charge of 15 francs for the day.

POST OFFICE.—Rue des Ecoles, near the Etablissement.

ENGLISH CH. SERVICE, St. Swithin’s Church.

GOLF.—9-hole course.

MEDICAL.–Dr. Stanley Randall; Dr. Leon Blanc; Dr. Louis Blanc; Dr. Françon; Dr. Gubb; Dr. Goddard; Dr. J. Dardel, Rue des Bains. A complete list may be seen at the Etablissement.

THE ENGLISH PHARMACY.—P. Folliet, opposite the Thermal Establishment. English prescriptions carefully prepared by English assistants.

RAIL, pages 47, 60.

[Lac du Bourget, 1¼ miles to west of Aix—electric tramway—has several places of interest on its banks. A steamer makes the circuit of the lake once or twice daily in the summer. At Hautecombe, at the foot of Mont du Chat, is a Cistercian monastery; the church has many statues, paintings, reliefs and decorations.]

Allevard-les-Bains.—Stat.—Pop. 2,726.

HOTELS: LOUVRE; FRANCE; DAUPHINE.

A small town, 1,560 ft. above sea, situated in a fine valley of Dauphiny, much visited for the curative properties of its warm sulphur spring, 61° Fahrenheit. The waters are used for drinking, bathing, and inhaling. Thermal Establishment, Casino, and park. Gothic Church; Chateau of 18th cent. Iron mines close by. Many points of interest in the neighbourhood: the ruined mediæval Castle of La Bastie, the Chartreuse de St. Hugon, the Sept Laux, the Puy-Gris, and others. Mountain excursions. Resident guides.

RAIL. page 47

Ambleteuse.

A fishing village, now a quiet bathing resort, 7 miles to the north of Boulogne. Fishing may be had in the river; many pleasant walks. James II landed here in 1688 when he fled from England. Reached by railway omnibus from Wimille Wimereux station, page 18; electric tram service between Boulogne and Wimereux.

Amélie-les-Bains.—Stat.

HOTEL ET THERMES PUJADE.—In fine position close to the Mondony Gorge. Hot sulphur and other baths. Moderate charges. See Advt.

THERMES ROMAINS; MARTINET; BOCASSIN.

A thriving town, finely placed at the confluence of the Rivers Tech and Mondony, at the foot of Fort-les-Bains (1,225 ft.) The warm sulphur springs, 60° to 145° Fahrenheit, were known to the Romans; they are successfully used in affections of the lungs. RAIL, page 44.

Amiens.—Stat.—Pop. 93,207.

HOTEL DU RHIN.—Place St. Denis, near the Railway, one of the finest in town. See Advt.

HOTEL DE L’UNIVERS.—Beautifully situated facing the Square St. Denis. See Advt.

The RAILWAY STATION is at the east side of the city, less than half a mile from the centre.

Amiens, chief town of Département de la Somme, the ancient capital of Picardy, is on the River Somme and two small affluents, the Arve and the Selle. It is one of the principal manufacturing towns of France, with a great trade in linen, woollens, velvet, etc.

Running across the front of the Station is a broad boulevard. The part to the right (north) is the Boulevard d’Alsace, and the second street on the west side, Rue de Gloriette, leads in five minutes to the Cathedral.

The CATHEDRAL is one of the magnificent Gothic monuments of France, the facade being specially admired. It was erected 1220-88; the length is 470 ft., transept 213 ft., width of nave 144 ft. The towers, incomplete, are of 13th (181 ft.) and 15th (210 ft.) cents.; the spire (360 ft.) dates from 1529. Many statues and much carving on the facade; between the doors of the central porch is a figure of the Saviour, the Beau Dieu d’Amiens. In the interior the loftiness of the nave, 147 ft., is striking, only the nave of Beauvais Cathedral being loftier; a wealth of carving in the choir; behind the high altar is an angelic figure, the Enfant Pleureur; reliefs in the transepts and on the choir screen, the chapels are interesting. In the open square at east end of Cathedral is a statue of Peter the Hermit, or Peter of Amiens, who preached the first Crusade.

Other churches of interest are St. Germain, 15th cent., quarter mile west of Cathedral; St. Leu, 15th cent., quarter mile north of Cathedral; and Sacré Cœur, modern, 1895, half a mile due west of Cathedral.

MUSEE, half a mile south of the Cathedral, a short distance back from north side of Boulevard St. Charles. Collections of pictures, sculpture, and antiquities. Sun., Tues., and Thurs., 12.0 to 5.0, free. Opposite east side of the Museé is the Prefecture, and on south side is the Bibliothèque Communale—80,000 vols. and 572 MSS.

The Hotel de Ville is a quarter mile west of the Cathedral; old Belfry close to north side.

The Citadel, all that is left of the old fortifications, is on the north side of the city.

H.B.M.’s VICE-CONSUL.—W. Sutcliffe, Esq.

RAIL, pages 18, 20, 21, 26, 29, 30.

Angers.—Stat.—Pop. 83,786.

HOTELS: GRAND; CHEVAL BLANC; ANJOU.

The principal Railway Station, Gare de St. Laud, is on the south side of the city, a quarter mile from the Castle and half a mile from the Cathedral. Minor Stations are St. Serge, on north side, and La Maitre-Ecole on east side.

Angers, chief town of the Département de Maine-et-Loire, the Andegavia of the Romans, and capital of Anjou, is situated on the Maine, in a pleasant country.

The street running from north side of the Place de la Gare if followed in a north easterly line for about half a mile will lead to the cross Rue St. Aubin; down here, a little to west, is the Cathedral.

CATHEDRAL of St. Maurice, Romanesque-Gothic, of 12th-13th cent.; carving on the facade. Interior has sculpture, tapestry, finely carved pulpit; handsome windows. On north side of the Cathedral is the Bishop’s palace.

Church of St. Laud, 200 yards west of Gare St. Laud. Modern; elaborate altars.

La Trinité, in a line west of the Cathedral, across the river; no aisles.

St. Serge, an ancient abbey church, on north side of city.

The Castle, near the river, north of the Station, is still an imposing monument of feudal times, though much has been destroyed.

MUSEE. From near south side of Cathedral go down Rue Toussaint, on east side is Rue du Musée. Collections of paintings, sculpture, and natural history, Sun. and Thurs., 1.0 to 5.0.

Musée St. Joan, back from west side of river, near most northerly bridge. Antiquities.

Jardin des Plantes, north side of city

H.B.M.’s VICE-CONSUL.—R. Richou, Esq.

RAIL pp. 39, 41A, 42A, 42B, 75, 83.

Angouleme—Stat.—Pop. 38, 211.

HOTELS: DU PALAIS; DE FRANCE; DES POSTES.

The two Railway Stations, Gare d’Orleans and Gare de l’Etat, are close together on the north east side of the city.

Chief town of Département Charente, the old capital of the Angonmois, on a rocky hill at the confluence of the Rivers Charente and Anguienne.

A street running between the Railway Stations ascends to the city, and if followed in its bending westward will conduct to the Hotel de Ville (left), on past the Palais de Justice (right), then about third street on left leads to the Cathedral.

The Hotel de Ville, on the site of the castle of the Counts of Angoulême, of which two towers still exist, contains a Picture Gallery and an Archæological Museum.

CATHEDRAL of St. Pierre, a Romanesque-Byzantine edifice, dating from 12th cent., restored 1866-75; facade and tower are specially interesting.

RAIL, pages 34, 35, 35B, 39A, 41B, 42B.

Annecy.—Stat.—Pop. 12,894.

HOTEL D’ANGLETERRE ET GRAND HOTEL, REUNIS.—Old renowned first class family hotel, well situated, with garden. Patronised by English families. Pension from 8.50 fr. See Advt.

GRAND HOTEL VERDUN.—First class hotel, facing the Lake. Suites with baths. Hot water heating and electric light. Pension terms from 8.50 frs. Open all the year. See Advt.

MONT BLANC.

Chief town of Département Haute Savoie, beautifully situated on the Lake of Annecy, an excellent centre for excursions into the valleys of the French Alps, but otherwise not very interesting. At the Chapel of the Visitation are good paintings. Hotel de Ville has a small Musée of industrial and natural history collections, and a library. The Cathedral is a small building without interest.

RAIL, pages 47, 61A. STEAMERS, page 366.

[Menthon.

HOTELS: BAINS; PALACE.

A pleasant village in a sheltered situation, a little back from the shore of the Lake of Annecy. By the lake are Sulphur Baths, near some Roman remains. St. Bernard of Menthon, founder of the hospices on the Great and Little St. Bernard, was born 923, at the ancient Chateau on a hill about 1¼ mile to the east of Menthon.

STEAMER on the Lake of Annecy, page 366.]

Antibes.—Stat.—Pop. 10,000.

GRAND HOTEL.—Large hotel; equipped with every modern comfort. Lift; electric light; central heating. Restaurant. Moderate tariff. See Advt.

A sheltered winter place and small seaport, in a fine situation between Golfe Juan and Bai des Anges; breakwater 1,540 ft. long. It is the ancient Antipolis, the modern town being partly built on the old ramparts. Roman remains. Museum at Hotel de Ville. On the north side of the bay is Fort Carré, whence is a magnificent view.

Electric Tramway to Cannes.

ENGLISH CHURCH SERVICE. RAIL, page 54.

Cap d’Antibes (Cap de la Garcupe), a headland just west of Antibes.

GRAND HOTEL DU CAP.—Superior first class, beautifully situated in own grounds of forty-five acres, amidst pine district; entirely renovated; lift; electric light. See Advt.

The Cap d’Antibes is a beautiful peninsula about 2½ miles long, clothed with a wonderfully rich vegetation and having a wild picturesque coast. As a winter resort it is in growing favour; many villas. At Villa Thuret is a garden associated with the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. Villa Eilenrok is at the extremity of the Cape (may be visited). On La Garoupe, 245 ft., are a pilgrimage church and lighthouse. Electric Tramway between Cap d’ Antibes and Antibes.

Arcachon.—Stat.—Pop. 9,500.

HOTEL DES PINS ET CONTINENTAL (en foret).—Lifts; electric light. B. Ferras, propr. See Advt.

NEW GRAND HOTEL.—First class hotel with 100 bed and sitting rooms, replete with every modern comfort. Full south. Excellent cuisine. Season February to October. See Advt.

FRANCE; REGINA.

A favourite sea bathing and winter resort, consisting of two parts, the town along the shore and the Ville d’Hiver (winter town) in the pine forest to the south; the exhalations of the pines with the sea air render the Ville d’Hiver a very healthy quarter. Climate temperate at all seasons. Casino.

ENG. CH. SER. at the Church of St. Thomas.

BRITISH V.-CON.—Frederick Audap, Esq.

GOLF.—9-hole course, about a mile and a quarter from centre of town.

MEDICAL.—Dr. F. Lalesque; Dr. Festal.

BANK.—Exchange. Société Generale (de Paris), 215, Boulevard de la Plage.—English spoken. Letters of Credit and Circular notes cashed. Credits opened, etc. Apply London, 65, Regent street, W.

RAIL, see pages 45A, 46A.

[Le Moulleau. GRAND HOTEL.

A pleasant village and rising summer and winter resort about 3 miles west of Arcachon. Dominican institution and chapel.]

Argelès-Gazost.—Stat.—Pop. 1,800.

HOTEL DE FRANCE.—Every modern comfort. Steam heating. English Church Service at the Hotel. Golf links free for visitors. See Advt.

A little Pyreneean town, 1525 ft. above sea, in a fine situation. Very good centre for visiting Cauterets, St. Sauveur Gavarnie, and all the Pyreneean resorts; six hours from Biarritz, one hour from Pau. Ideal winter and spring resort, with many English visitors. Stimulating bracing climate. Sulphurous waters at the Etablissement Thermal. Nervous affections treated by electricity at the Institut de Therapeutique Physique. ENGLISH CHURCH SERV. in the season.

GOLF.—18-hole course, 10 mins. walk from the Hotel de France. RAIL, page 43.

Arles.—Stat.—Pop. 24,567.

GRAND HOTEL DU NORD. — All modern equipment; access to Roman remains. See Advt.

The principal Railway Station, Grande Gare, is on the north side of the city, half a mile from the centre.

Arles, a very old place, on the River Rhone, is the Roman Arelate, on the Via Aurelia. There is some trade in the port, but the interest for the traveller is in the Roman remains.

Due south from the Railway Station, across the Place Lamartine, a street leads in half a mile directly to the Rond Point des Arènes, where is the Amphitheatre, about 500 yards in circumference; it dates from the beginning of the Christian era, the forty-three tiers of seats could accommodate 26,000 spectators. Bull fights take place here on Sunday in summer. Just south west of the Amphitheatre are the remains of the Theatre.

From the west side of the Amphitheatre the Rue des Arènes leads to the Place du Forum, the ancient Roman Forum—on north side are two columns. A few yards south of the Place du Forum is the Place do la Republique, where are a Roman Obelisk and other remains. A quarter mile north of the Place du Forum, just back from the river, is the Palace of Constantine.

Cathedral of St. Trophimus, just west of the ruined Roman Theatre, has a fine doorway and cloisters; a few pictures in interior.

Musée in Place de la République, immediately opposite west end of the Cathedral. Valuable collections of ancient and early Christian sarcophagi, etc.

The Aliscamps, the old Roman burial place, consecrated to Christian use by St. Trophimus, a very celebrated cemetery in the middle ages, is at the south east side of the city. The cemetery was neglected and the monuments scattered, some are collected in an Allée, others are at the Museum.

RAIL, pages 49, 51, 57, 63B, 74B.

[Saintes Maries, 24 miles from Arles, derives its name from Mary of Bethany, Mary the mother of James, and Mary Magdalen, who, with their servant Sara, Lazarus, and St. Maximin, landed here—so is the tradition. In the Church are relics of the saints; on May 24th-25th and Oct. 22nd many pilgrims attend. RAIL from Arles, page 51.]

Arras.—Stat.—Pop. 26,144.

HOTELS: UNIVERS; COMMERCE; ST. POL.

Chief town of Dept, Pas de Calais, on the Scarpe. Hotel de Ville, a fine building. Cathedral, built 1755-1833; elaborate high altar; a Descent from the Cross, said to be by Rubens, and an Entombment, said to be by van Dyck, in the ambulatory. On ground floor of old Abbey of St. Vaast is a Musée of paintings and an archeological collection, Grande Place and Petite Place have interesting old houses. Arras is a centre of the grain trade,

RAIL, pages 20, 22A, 23, 26, 28,

Auray.—Stat.—Pop. 6,450.

HOTELS: PAVILLON; POSTS.

A port, in Dept. Morbihan, on the River d’Auray (an inlet from Quiberon Bay); has not much interest of its own, but is a good centre for Carnac, Plouharnel, Locmariaker, etc. Adjoining Chartreuse d’Auray, to the north-west of Station, is a Votive Chapel, to the memory of 952 Emigrés, slain on the spot marked by a Chapelle Expiatoire. At Ste. Anne d’Auray, 3 miles, is a much frequented pilgrimage Church; great gatherings at Whitsuntide and on Ste. Anne’s Day (July 26th). Motor service between Auray and Locmariaker.

MOTORING AND CYCLING.—E. Plunian, Rue de l’Hôpital, (Telephone No. 8). Motor cars, Bicycles, and Carriages. Free garage, Large garage with inspection pit. Stock Michelin.

RAIL pages 31, 31A, 37.

[A steamer usually leaves Port Maria, the port of Quiberon (HOTEL DE FRANCE) twice a day for Belle Isle or Belle Ile-en-Mer, in the Atlantic, a pleasant summer retreat, 12 m. long, with good cliffs, and a few little villages. HOTEL DE FRANCE at Le Palais, the chief port, pop. 4,900.]

Auxerre.—Stat.—Pop. 18,036.

HOTELS: EPEE; FONTAINE: POSTE.

Chief town of Département de l’Yonne, on the River Yonne. Railway Station on east side of city, about half mile from centre.

Cathedral of St. Etienne, 13th-15th cent., two towers, has fine portals on west front, many figures in recesses and niches; graceful interior, statue of St. Stephen, tombs, stained glass.

Church of St. Pierre, in Rue du Pont, has fine portico and tower. St. Eusèbe, in Rue du Temple; tower, wood carving, stained glass. Remains of Abbey of St. Germain, best seen from quay.

Musée, little north of Cathedral, near Hotel de Ville; collections of paintings, sculpture, antiquities, etc.

RAIL, pages 53C, 56.

Avignon.—Stat.—Pop. 49,304.

GRAND HOTEL DE L’EUROPE.—First class family hotel, situated full south. See Advt.

HOTEL D’AVIGNON; CRILLON.

The Railway Station is at the south west side of the city, about half a mile from the centre.

Avignon, the ancient Avenio, chief town of the Département Vaucluse, on the River Rhone, the seat of an archbishop, is a very important place in the history of the Catholic Church. Upon the river bank, which rises like a cliff, are the Papal Palace and Cathedral, and about this spot the city is picturesque. It was the residence from 1305 until 1377 of Popes in antagonism to the Popes of Rome. At the entrance to the city from the Station the old walls should be noticed.

From immediately by the Railway