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    The Education of Henry Adams
    The Education of Henry Adams
    The Education of Henry Adams
    Ebook608 pages7 hours

    The Education of Henry Adams

    By Henry Adams

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    The Education of Henry Adams records the struggle of Bostonian Henry Adams (1838-1918), in early old age, to come to terms with the dawning 20th century, so different from the world of his youth. It is also a sharp critique of 19th century educational theory and practice. In 1907, Adams began privately circulating copies of a limited edition printed at his own expense. Commercial publication had to await its author's 1918 death, whereupon it won the 1919 Pulitzer Prize.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherBooklassic
    Release dateJun 22, 2015
    ISBN9789635247776
    Author

    Henry Adams

    Henry Adams (1838-1918) was an American historian and memoirist. Born in Boston, Adams was the grandson of statesman and lawyer John Quincy Adams on his father’s side. Through his mother, he was related to the Brooks family of wealthy merchants. Adams graduated from Harvard University in 1858 before traveling through Europe on a grand tour. Upon returning in 1860, he attempted to pursue a career in law but soon found himself working as a journalist, first in Boston and then in London, where he was an anonymous correspondent for The New York Times while his father served as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom under President Lincoln. In 1868, Adams settled in Washington, DC, where he earned a reputation as a journalist against political corruption. By 1870, he embarked on a brief career as a professor of medieval history at Harvard, a position from which he would retire in 1877 to devote himself to his writing. In addition to his lauded nine-volume History of the United States of America (1801-1817) (1889-1891), Adams wrote the novels Democracy: An American Novel (1880) and Esther (1884). In 1907, his memoir The Education of Henry Adams appeared in print in a small, private edition. A decade later, just after his death at the age of 80, it found wider publication and was awarded a Pulitzer Prize. Recognized as an astute observer of cultural and historical change, Adams remains a controversial figure for his antisemitic views.

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    Reviews for The Education of Henry Adams

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    • 4/5
      brilliant writing.
    • 2/5
      As memoirs go, this one is pretty boring, possibly interesting reading for people studying the psychology of Henry Adams, but not all that useful for much else, and really tedious.
    • 5/5
      One of the oddest books I've ever read, and am ever likely to read: an autobiography written in the third person, which tells us almost nothing at all about the author/central character, this seems more like a pre-modernist bildungsroman than anything else. The weirdness doesn't end there- Henry Adams spends much of his time philosophizing about history while the narrator (call him Mr Adams) spends most of his time explaining that Henry Adams is a fool who has no idea what he's talking about; Henry Adams involves himself in politics, the academy, and Grand Tourism but Mr Adams rants about the uselessness of politics and the academy, and rolls his eyes at Henry's failure to understand or properly enjoy any of the things he sees while Grand Touring.
      As if that's not hard enough to deal with, Mr Adams' assumes that you've already heard of him and all his friends, and that you know what they were about. Sometimes this works okay (for instance, I know a bit about Swinburne and the presidents he encounters); often it doesn't (Henry, Mr King and Mr Hay were clearly very close friends, but what exactly the latter two did, what they believed, and what impact their actions had on the greater world remains a mystery to me). If you're deeply versed in 19th century American politics, you'll probably find his comments on those men and dozens of others amusing and interesting. I am not so versed.
      Despite which, this is an amazing, brilliant book, well worth the considerable effort needed to read it, because Mr Adams and Henry Adams are pretty obviously men you would like to spend time with in heaven. One of them, or maybe both, would amuse you with lines such as:
      "Modern politics is, at bottom, a struggle not of men but of forces. The men become every year more and more creatures of force, massed about central power-houses. The conflict is no longer between the men, but between the motors that drive the men, and the men tend to succumb to their own motive forces."

      and

      "Politics, as a practice, whatever its professions, has always been the systematic organization of hatreds."

      I don't know, though, if I'd like to spend much time chatting with Adams himself.
    • 4/5
      This is an autobiography by the grandson of John Q. Adams. Henry Adams, being of a well to family from Boston grew up with all life's opportunities possible. He graduated from Harvard, yet felt the education there was a joke. He constantly ridiculed the boys from Virginia because they could not debate nor did they read newspapers. He had been to the White House to see all presidents since John Q. Adams and felt at home there. He also writes that he was astounded at the lack of education of Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Grant. Mr. Adams served as his father's secretary whilst his father was U.S. Ambassador to England, on and off for 10 years. Adams always believed education equaled power; but after 40 years of "education" he surmised he had been mistaken as he had seen uneducated persons come to political power and others having power over the economy. I liked the stories of his youth, his family, his time at Harvard and his visits to the White House. Most of the rest of it, not so much--he just seems to bemoaning his privilege, to me. I was surprised that this book won the Pulitzer Prize for Autobiography. While it was good, not sure it was great! The writing was of the time period, so "dense." His vocabulary and sentence structure certainly put him in the educated category. 560 pages
    • 5/5
      I have read several great confessional autobiographies over the centuries, Augustine and Rousseau come to mind, but my favorite is Henry Adams' narrative, The Education of Henry Adams. The Preface and four opening chapters provide a solid foundation for the entire book. They focus on his youth in Massachusetts and time spent in Washington, D. C. and at Harvard College through his twentieth year.His attention points to the nature of his own education growing up in a family whose very name was synonymous with the Presidency of the United States. Born in 1838, both his Great Grandfather and Grandfather had been presidents, while his father looked forward to an Ambassadorship to England during the Civil War. Henry's education would be continued during that period as secretary to his father. But first he narrates the experience of growing up torn by family connections between the small town of Quincy and the metropolis of Boston. The two towns provide just one of the contrasts that concern young Henry; contrasts that include town (Boston) versus country (Quincy), Winter versus Summer, and his own family ties between the Brooks of Boston on his mother's side and the Adams on his father's side. It was the interstices between these and other contrasting experiences that provided young Henry with the "seeds of moral education". Even this early in his life, as he reflects from the view of the twentieth century, he questioned what and who he was and where he was going with his life.The community and culture that formed Henry's mind and being included family friends that would become historical figures for those of us born in the latter half of the succeeding century; figures that included, in addition to his family, Ellery Channing, Waldo Emerson, Richard Henry Dana, and above all for Henry, his hero, Charles Sumner. Henry worshiped the Senator and Orator and looked up to New England statesmen like him that expressed "the old Ciceronian idea of government by the best". People like Daniel Webster and Edward Everett who governed Massachusetts. Henry, however, was destined to move on to Washington with his father as the Adams family had for decades been a part of the national stage.Henry did not like school and rather preferred the free play with his peers. In spite of his opinion of school it is clear that he was continuing his education at home and was soon to move back north to enter Harvard College in his sixteenth hear. His thoughts on his education at that time rang true to this reader as he described his travel to Washington, not as what happened but as what he remembered. And this was "what struck him most, to remain fresh in his mind all his life-time, . . the sudden change that came over the world on entering a slave State. He took education politically." His time in Washington ended with a remark that "he had no education", a continuing contradiction that stemmed from his own reaction to the "official" education he was undergoing in schools that contrasted (once more see above) with the true education in which his experience was creating memories. Harvard does not suit his taste either - the curriculum had no particular quality that could impress the man that Henry was becoming; a man who was not only a reader but a writer. He was impressed by Russell Lowell who "had brought back from Germany the only new and valuable part of its Universities, the habit of allowing students to read with him privately in his study. Adams asked the privilege, and used it to read a little, and to talk a great deal." His friendship with Lowell led him to connections with the transcendentalists although he never became one. He also became friends with one Robert E. Lee at Harvard and enjoyed a coterie of Virginian friends despite their Southern ways. At the end of his formal education he was able to conclude that "As yet he knew nothing." A bit of harsh judgment for the Senior Class Orator, but great minds are sometimes hardest on themselves.The remainder of the autobiography takes him on a journey through Darwin and Chicago and "The Dynamo and the Virgin" into the beginning of the twentieth century. His story is always interesting and his prose is some of the best I have encountered. I may comment further on it as I continue to read and reread about his thoughts on a very particular education.
    • 5/5
      I expected to check off one of those “supposedly Great Books that I’ve never gotten around to,” but this was the best history of the nineteenth century that I’ve ever read. It certainly has all the brushes with powerful men (yes, mostly men) you would expect from a grandson and great grandson of US presidents. But much greater is its grappling with an age of tremendous changes in the world via new scientific discoveries, technological progress, and the squabbles and brawls of nations. Each year I set aside only one or two books to reread a few years later, and this is one of that rarest category.
    • 4/5
      This is an autobiography by the grandson of John Q. Adams. Henry Adams, being of a well to family from Boston grew up with all life's opportunities possible. He graduated from Harvard, yet felt the education there was a joke. He constantly ridiculed the boys from Virginia because they could not debate nor did they read newspapers. He had been to the White House to see all presidents since John Q. Adams and felt at home there. He also writes that he was astounded at the lack of education of Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Grant. Mr. Adams served as his father's secretary whilst his father was U.S. Ambassador to England, on and off for 10 years. Adams always believed education equaled power; but after 40 years of "education" he surmised he had been mistaken as he had seen uneducated persons come to political power and others having power over the economy. I liked the stories of his youth, his family, his time at Harvard and his visits to the White House. Most of the rest of it, not so much--he just seems to bemoaning his privilege, to me. I was surprised that this book won the Pulitzer Prize for Autobiography. While it was good, not sure it was great! The writing was of the time period, so "dense." His vocabulary and sentence structure certainly put him in the educated category. 560 pages
    • 1/5
      The Education of Henry Adams is a terrible book. Like Walden and Emerson’s Essays, it reveals a peculiarly American complacency in its subject, but without the redeeming writing skill of Thoreau and Emerson. Adams is vague and general when he should be detailed and specific, and that’s pretty much all the time. He writes as if his readers had just put down a newspaper covering the events of the period he’s writing about, so that all he need do is allude to people and places. The choice of narrating his life in the third person is never justified or explained. Perhaps Adams thought it suited his habit of self-deprecation. Unfortunately, the self-deprecation, like most of Adams’s attempts to be humorous, comes across as mere sarcasm, which is the weakest of humor’s rhetorical tools. The book’s conceit, that Adams never gets the education he needs to face the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, is undercut by Adams’s condescension about almost everyone else’s mental powers, including Lincoln, Grant, Cleveland, Roosevelt, and other American presidents he meets.Adams, a self-confessed dilettante when it comes to art (though even here he boasts of confounding the experts), is in fact a dilettante in all he tries. He plays at learning law in America and abroad, makes fun of his secretarial duties in the service of his father Charles Francis Adams when the latter is ambassador to England, and when he returns to the States after the Civil War to no prospect of high diplomatic appointment under Johnson, he gives up the idea of diplomacy altogether and becomes a part-time journalist and an unwilling history professor. Meanwhile, he has briefly taken up Darwin without understanding him; he has the mistaken popular, teleological notion that evolution aims at perfection. In the chapters on Adams’s years in London during the Civil War, the young diplomat bewails his failure to understand what the Prime Minister, Lord Palmerston, the Foreign Minister Lord Russell, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gladstone are up to. Henry thinks their behavior reflects a wish to see U.S. power divided, since she is a rival nation (and an old enemy). In fact, if their memoirs and biographies written years later are to be believed, they were just reacting to day-to-day changes in the American situation while trying to protect England’s cotton trade with the South.After the war Adams remains in England at loose ends, taking up Darwinism and becoming a dilettante and an art collector in a small way. When he returns to the country he can expect nothing from the Johnson administration—the southerner Johnson was anathema to the old Free Soilers (Sumner, Charles Adams, and the other men who formed Adams’s political consciousness). He had been publishing, sometimes with his identity concealed, in various stateside papers since his work for his father in the Congress, so he ended up going to Washington to try to break into a journalism job, ultimately in New York.He supported Grant but soon discovered what a mistake that was. The Jay Gould scandal came less than a year into Grant’s presidency. Adams first turns down and then accepts a job to teach at Harvard and edit the North American Review. After the death of his sister in the early 1870s there is a hiatus in Adams’s account: He tells us nothing about his marriage or his wife’s depression and suicide, and he leaves out any account of the years from 1872 to 1892, when he retires and begins a period of travel with various friends. Altogether I find the book unsatisfactory as autobiography or as a picture of the times Adams lives through.
    • 3/5
      This is my second least favorite book thus far from the Lifetime Reading Plan. My least favorite being the Q'uran.

      Henry Adams was the grandson and great grandson of Presidents. Although a Bostonian, he inherited an eccentric outsider-dom from his famous forebears, and remained to the end of his life apart from the business community of that city. Adams has the disconcerting habit of speaking of himself in the third person like Jimmy from Seinfeld. "Henry Adams doesn't like this steak! Henry Adams wants you to send it back!"

      As a part of the family of Founding Fathers, he stands between two centuries, the eighteenth and the twentieth. He wrote this book in 1904, and at age 66 he is still forward-looking, wondering what the twentieth century has in store. He was fly on the wall for the nineteeth.

      After concentrating the narrative on his education, which includes Harvard, he concludes that the education one picks up accidentally is more valuable then what one received intentionally at even the most respected institutions. After that, the bulk of the heart of the book is spent on Charles Francis Adams' (Henry's dad's)tenure as American Minister in London during Civil War years, and Henry's tenure as his personal secretary (Nepotism? Naaaahh!)At first, the American minister is shunned by members of Parliament, as the predominant opinion was that the Union would not survive the Civil War. But C. F. Adams is persistent, circumstances improve, and the Minister attains victory in the Laird ironclad affair. Adams has little good to say about the character of English politicians in general, but ends up making a few very close friends.

      When he reaches 1870, he suddenly skips twenty years. It just so happens that during this period was when he met and married his wife, who with Henry, and others, comprised the predominant intellectual salon in the U.S. This was also the period where Adams had his salad days as author and Harvard history professor. Seems to me this would have been prime material to include, but as he felt he wasn't being "educated" during that period, he skips it.

      Unfortunately, the post 1890 years are anticlimactic. At the end of the book, he tries (IMO unsuccessfully) to articulate his "dynamic theory of history". In reading about this, I couldn't help but think of the closing chapters of Tolstoy's "War and Peace", where the great Count makes a more lucid case for a scientific approach to history. Like Tolstoy, Adams seems to imagine a future figure not unlike Isaac Asimov's Hari Selden, a "psychohistorian" who can use the science of history to predict future events.

      Also unfortunately, Adams was a clear product of the Victorian Age. Those guys never told the real dirt on themselves. This would have been a good book in which to do so, as one is educated by his youthful maistakes and indiscretions. It's a shame, but one thing you never think when reading this book: "Oh Henry Adams! What kind of crazy shit are you gonna do next?"

      The style of the book is mannered, curlicued, and sometimes opaque. For those who wonder why, this book is exactly why the world needed a Hemingway.
    • 4/5
      This is a book much better suited to a person with a good background in American history. Adams writes about pivotal events for an audience that does not need the background information. If you don't already know the story of the "Alabama", you won't understand it any better for reading Adams' account of his time in England when this was a crisis. However, I thought his observations about the New England character, London society, the rise of technology and many other topics quite interesting. He was born into a household of great privilege and has the modesty to acknowledge it. Writing of the infant with two presidents in his lineage "Probably no child, born in the year, held better cards than he." It is also Adams' burden that he feels he must live up to a family tradition in a world that changes rapidly during his long life.
    • 4/5
      When the author completed this book he had 100 copies printed and he sent them to his friends. It is a very personal autobiography, there are several mentions of Rousseau's Confessions. It was only after his death that it was published for retail sale, winning the Pulitzer Prize in 1918.Adams' life was full of interesting people and events many of which are talked about in this book. As a Civil War buff I enjoyed the five years Adams spent as the private secretary for his father, the American Ambassador to England, 1860-1865. There is a chronological format but Adams does not tell the story of his life. He does not include the death of his wife or any of his writing as topics in the book. Adams did have some irritating traits. He was a snob. I am sure it was how he was raised. His attitude was tinged with cynicism that was at times unpleasant. He did not try to sugar coat what he had to say and he had a lot to say on several levels. There were parts of the book I'm not sure I understood and that was frustrating.There is a level I would call patter. A description of where he went, who he saw and what they said. This is always interesting because he had a very interesting life. He traveled a lot and spent time with some very interesting people. He goes progressively deeper into the world around him until he is talking about a dynamic theory of history.Adams is very intelligent and very observant. He tells an excellent story. He wrote this at the end of his life and he definitely has some words of wisdom to pass along. He also has a sense of humor which flashes out occasionally.Adams does not portray himself in a very positive light. He doesn't talk about his accomplishments very much. I felt sometimes that Adams as the grandson and great-grandson of Presidents didn't feel that he had accomplished much in life.The book is very good literature. The writing is noticeably from a different era. I enjoyed the book. While I recommend it, it may not be for everyone, I don't think the book was written to entertain others.This makes me want to read Mont Saint Michel which is supposed to be one of his best.
    • 5/5
      I'll agree with the ratings of this among the best nonfiction of the 20th century. It is another of my favorite genre, the "books about everything." It covers roughly the period from 1850 to 1905, and hits on almost every major historical and intellectual development of the time, but from a unique personal and anecdotal perspective. Adams was a man of great gifts and cultivation, but with a unique, eccentric, mugwumpishly conservative temperament that makes his collision and confrontation with the early modernist era he lived through especially instructive and relevant to our own time. The filters of what his worldview did and didn't take for granted reveal fresh insights about our country's rapid and jarring growth from an agrarian experimental republic into a modern industrial superpower.
    • 5/5
      It is easy to be overwhelmed with characters and events of history that you are not familiar with, but if you are patient, you will see this book as an interesting inside look at an important period of change in the United States and the world as a whole.
    • 1/5
      A tiresome catalogue of nineteenth century american domestic and foreign policy through the eyes of one of America's most distinguished gentlemen. He complains a bit too much about not having enough education - and then he offers an abstract theory of history as a solution to his problems. An interesting, but not very enlightening story of a man on a journey through America.
    • 3/5
      It was interesting to me to read about the viewpiont of the Civil War as seen from London. After recently reading Carl Sandburg's biography of Lincoln, another take on the war made for good comparison. Adam's assessment of his own formal education was surprisingly poor. Adam's commentary on some of the contemporary events prompted me to dig into some history references. Minor events from the present day, were sometimes seen as big events back then. I also enjoyed Adam's discussion on the progress of technology through the 1800's, and his own version of Moore's Law, except regarding the use of coal as an energy source. Some seemingly gross assumptions about "future" years like 1960 and 2000, were not far off the mark.
    • 4/5
      I'm inclined to consider this book more of a text on history than a standard autobiography, and I have rather mixed feelings about it as a whole. As an experimental autobiography, it's a fascinating study, but it's also a slow and long read. I'm not opposed to long books, but this was a rough read, I have to admit. The middle in particular lagged for me, primarily because of a constant discussion of historical and political personalities that I was unfamiliar with. While I have a fair enough familiarity with American history, I'm not particularly familiar with any of the leading personalities of the nineteenth century (except for those who were literary or those who anyone would know, like the Presidents, etc.), and Adams often treats them as if the names are household familiarities, which I don't doubt they were to his contemporary audience. As a result, though, I was sometimes fairly lost, and considerably bored.Still, in the end, it was worthwhile--something I didn't expect to be saying when I was about halfway through the work. The beginning was interesting, though, as was the last 150 pages or so where Adams dealt more with his ideas on progress, history, and social inertia, all of which were interesting and readable.In the end, I recommend this to any student of history or anyone interested in the ways that American and European cultures were changing and reacting to one another in the second half of the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth. It is not, by any means, a fast or overtly entertaining read, but I would say it's worthwhile, perhaps as a side project to read a chapter from per day (chapter lengths are manageable). I wouldn't suggest reading it as I did, all five hundred pages over three days for a class---this, indeed, was rough.
    • 4/5
      This book almost defies categorization. It is less an autobiography, and more an accounting of America's transition into modernity as seen through the eyes of an extraordinary man. Adams is unique amongst American intellectuals because of his access to power through his lineage, but what separates him from most historians is his style of prose; he is an exceptional narrator. I enjoyed this book greatly, although it was not the easiest read at times, particularly when Adams' more cynical side shown through. Regardless, this is a classic of American literature and a must read for those interested in understanding the evolution of American thought.
    • 1/5
      The Education of Henry Adams was, unfortunately, another one of the painful ones. It is an autobiography written by a pompous aristocrat who thinks much more highly of himself than those who knew him probably did. The book is a philosophical take on his life as he explores how different events, circumstances, and people led to his education in life. Being a person who is much more interested in things and events than philosophical ideas I did not enjoy it. Apparently Henry Adams lost the love of his life and was so traumatized by it that he decided to leave that part of his life completely out of the book without even a word of explanation as to why some of the most important years of a persons life were left out. The book basically covers his childhood and his years as an older man. I would say that the only redeeming thing about this book is that it is an excellent study in the attitude of the elite concerning themselves during the mid-to late-1800s.
    • 4/5
      I read the Education twice in college, so it's been about thirty years. I remember being impressed with Henry Adams' reasoning, and the metaphor of the Virgin and the Dynamo. A great look inside a superior mind.

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    The Education of Henry Adams - Henry Adams

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