Dead Souls

By Nikolai Gogol

Dead Souls is a satirical examination of 1800's Russian nobility and society. The work is often called Gogol's greatest. It is also considered a Russian prose poem. In post-Napoleonic Russia, landowners owned serfs who worked the land. A man's wealth was not only determined by the amount of land he had, but also by the number of souls he owned. 

Tchitchikov, the protagonist, and proclaimed hero of the story decides to purchase dead souls in order to become rich. Because a census is taken every year, he can buy the souls cheaper and then claim the dead souls as his own. The novel follows the exploits of Tchitchikov as he travels throughout the Russian countryside in the quest to buy souls from wealthy landowners.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Sheba Blake Publishing
• Release date: May 18, 2015
• ISBN: 9781304109354

Nikolai Gogol

Nikolai Gogol was a Russian novelist and playwright born in what is now considered part of the modern Ukraine. By the time he was 15, Gogol worked as an amateur writer for both Russian and Ukrainian scripts, and then turned his attention and talent to prose. His short-story collections were immediately successful and his first novel, The Government Inspector, was well-received. Gogol went on to publish numerous acclaimed works, including Dead Souls, The Portrait, Marriage, and a revision of Taras Bulba. He died in 1852 while working on the second part of Dead Souls.

Reviews for Dead Souls

[charlie68_1 · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

Satirical and funny and at times very profound.

[liamfoley · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

Brilliant satire that resonates not just in 19th Cent. Russia but just as well today.

[kristelh_15 · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

Dead Souls was published in 1842 and is a classic work, considered a mix of realism and symbolism. It is a tale of a man set on buying dead serfs. Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov travels around and the reader is introduced to a variety of people of Russia. I got that it was a satire and that there were layers of meaning here. The serfs were counted as "souls" but on another level, the souls refer to the dead souls of Gogol's characters. I enjoyed it and it is deserving of another read. It really is unfinished but you don't really notice that.

[hhornblower_3 · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

A very enjoyable read. I con man travels throughout Russia, meeting along the way fawning officials, an idealist egalitarian, an extreme economic liberal and your average everyday hollow shell whose sole existence is to impress others. So in other words, very much a story that fits right at home with today's society. Not much has changed in almost 200 years.

[mattresslessness · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

My reading history divides neatly along a pre-Gogol/post-Gogol line; this was the book that did it for me.

[samchan_1 · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

In my effort to read more classics, Dead Souls was the perfect entry point back into the works of the Russian greats. Although I haven’t compared it to older translations, I found this one by Rayfield to be terrific. The language is easy to understand, but also manages to capture the poetics of prose wonderfully. Right off the bat, I was completely enchanted by the tone of the story as we follow our protagonist, Chichikov, around town as he goes about meeting with different landowners in a seemingly bizarre quest to buy their dead serfs, serfs whose deaths hadn’t yet been recorded by the tax authorities. Each encounter with these characters beats the previous encounter in terms of the surreal and absurd. We see how these landowners and government officials are silly, selfish, greedy, and corrupt, reflecting a society that’s become morally vapid. Gogol strings us along for a while before we find out the purpose of the dead souls, but instead of becoming impatient, I was happy to be strung along in a satire that has whimsy, a charming wink-wink tone, but also earnest exhortations to really examine the perilous path towards which society was headed.

Dead Souls in an unfinished manuscript and I was afraid that I’d be dissatisfied with the lack of true resolution at the end. Yet, even when the manuscript ends in the middle of a sentence, it luckily worked well. There’s a gathering in which a prince begins to issue a call to reform the nation, a kind of “call to arms.” The nation faces two choices (as does Chichikov, who gets punished and keeps getting second chances): to keep perpetuating the moral decay or turn over a new leaf. It seemed a very cinematic ending even though we don’t see which choice the nation (and Chichikov) opted for.

[wonderperson · Rating: 2 out of 5 stars]

Gogol has some really important points to say but I found myself getting disinterested in it in parts despite it's potential to be a radical text.

[tjwilson_1 · Rating: 3 out of 5 stars]

This is a book to appreciate with a historical lens in front of the brain. There are tons of comedy cliches, and the plot drifts into weird ventures, often times committing that old niggle of "showing vs. telling." But, it's entertaining and definitely an interesting insight into Russian society and human nature itself. It's good enough to read and inspires enough curiosity to read the incomplete second volume which runs 150 or so pages.

[rincey_1 · Rating: 3 out of 5 stars]

It took me a while to chug through this one, but it definitely was worth a try. Some of the characters are hilariously ridiculous, which is what I think the highlight of the story is. I was kind of hoping for a slightly more exciting reason behind the collection of dead souls, but I did like the story overall.

[kirmuriel-1 · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

I was so much fun! Maybe it was not the best translation, but it still managed to put across the author's style.
I felt like Chichikov was the Russian Sutpen, but more confident and calmed.
Normally stories begin telling the hero's life, but this one ended with it.
Schade dass the author burnt the second part.

[ramzartso-1 · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

I loved this book, especially the end, for some reason. This book creates an inimitable atmosphere.

[la2bkk · Rating: 3 out of 5 stars]

Gigol's work is essentially divided into two parts, and contains some of the best and worst aspects of 19th century Russian literature.The first section describes the exploits of Chichikov, a middle class Russian who gentleman arrives in a small town and attempts to purchase "dead souls" from local landowners as part of a scheme to live easily in the future. Part one is well written, interesting, and humorous as Gigol describes stereotypical landowners and officials with great style. Were the book to end here, I would have rated it very highly. Unfortunately, the section section, while continuing the story of Chichikov's adventures in a second town, is rambling, and mired in excessive detail and digression. One gets the impression that Gigol lost his direction and continued writing without a clear purpose.

[alexrichman_1 · Rating: 2 out of 5 stars]

Just like Tolstoy, Gogol seems to revel in torturing the reader with agrarian strategies, but the book is punctuated with so many wicked asides and hilarious vignettes - the drafts cheat was my favourite - that I ploughed ahead and finally managed to finish it. Unlike Gogol.

[jennyo_587543 · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

When you think of Russian novels, you probably think of doorstop weight ones like War and Peace or Crime and Punishment. Dead Souls feels downright slim compared to those. And considerably more lighthearted as well. It took me a long time to read the book, but that's not Gogol's fault; I've just had my mind on something else lately and have found it hard to concentrate on much of anything. Still, I thoroughly enjoyed this story of Pavlov Chichikov and his quest to buy dead souls from local landowners.The characters in this book and the situations in which Chichikov finds himself are a hoot. I think my favorite was Nozdrev, the compulsive gambler and liar, who ends up being the one to expose the truth about Chichikov to the community.I'd definitely read Gogol again, but I may save him until the future when I can pay a little closer attention to his work.

[tzelman_1 · Rating: 1 out of 5 stars]

Pt. I good; Pt. II in fragments, unrewarding, pointless--perhaps worth another try since it's been 25 years since I read it

[kotwcs · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

At times sentimental, philosopical, melancholy, and hilarious, the book follows the adventures of Chichikov, a scoundrel who wants to become a man of class and stature. So, he begins a scheme to buy up the "dead souls" --those peasants who have died but whose landowners have not yet reported as dead--of the barons and lords in the Russian countryside, then passing them off as living, thus making Chichikov a landowner with many tenants. Hilarity ensues. Is it legal to sell dead souls? How much are they worth? Nothing? A great deal? This book is unfinished--Gogol was working on it when he died--and there are many holes and gaps towards the end, but it's a great book. Sometimes it's published as "Dead Souls"--but it's not dark at all. Gogol's gloomy thoughtfulness and spiritual morbidity come through sometimes, but in it he includes much hearty laughter--the sort that never issued from his own mouth during his lonely, miserable life.

[clurb · Rating: 3 out of 5 stars]

Dead Souls suffers from being so incomplete and disjointed but the first half at least offers an amusing plot and some wonderfully crafted characters which together give an insight into Russian society at the time.

[miketroll · Rating: 3 out of 5 stars]

The novel affords fascinating insights into life in rural Russia in the 19th Century. The plot is amusing but even to outline it would be to give away too much.

[xtien_9 · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

Imagine your a Russion nobleman but you're poor, you can't afford to own people. But you must own people in order to "count". So what you do is buy the papers of dead farmers, promising the previous owner to properly take care of the paperwork. At one point, a lady gets suspicious, suspecting that he makes money from these dead farmers, so she refuses to sell him her absolutely worthless dead farmers papers.The plot is brilliant, the writing is entertaining like most older Russion novels.

[john257hopper · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

Despite its gloomy sounding title, this is actually quite funny on many levels, in terms of the verbal approaches Chichikov uses in order to deceive various landowners and make them give him money for the serfs who have died on their estates. At the same time, it is quite chilling in the casual assumptions of ownership over the lives and bodies of these serfs, treating them as so many possessions. I thought this book dragged slightly in the middle, but was mostly quite an easy read.

[jddunn_1 · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

A rollicking, farcical road tale set in Russia in the first half of the 19th Century. Follows Chichikov, a petty bourgeois con man… a man who is “not too fat, and not too thin” in the words of the author, on a trip around the country to buy up “dead souls,” which are peasants who have died but are still counted as living until the next census happens. Chichikov hopes to make his fortune by charming lots of landowners into giving them away for nothing, and then mortaging them under new regulations that allow Russian landowners to mortage their estates to the treasury at roubles-to-the-soul. Gogol uses the misadventures of our antihero to paint a humorous and loving picture of Russian life in the first half of the 1800s. Kind of reminds me of Tristram Shandy.

[kerns222 · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

No dead book here. Laughable sketches of officials, landowners, serfs as a con job plays out. Everyone is on the take, but our hero had bigger plans.

I see why Gogol is compared to Twain.

BTW, why the dreary cover?

[mattviews · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

Dead Souls raises the fundamental puzzling problem of literary theory: the question of an author's personal involvement in his work, meaning, of how far, Gogol's outlook on life can impinge on the lives of his protagonists (or heroes) without leading, as in Gogol's own case, to insanity and suicide. Dead Souls is a fragmented work that upon finishing the second volume of which Gogol fell under the influence of a priest who advised him to burn it. He regarded Gogol's literary work as an abomination to the eyes of God and admonished Gogol to lead a sequestered life at the monastery to atone for his sin. There Gogol suicidally took to his bed, refused all provisions and died nine days later. The remaining manuscripts of Dead Souls are rather fragmented as the four chapters of the second volume are recalled and put together through the word of mouth. The first volume affords the whole scaffold and theme of Gogol's ambitious work. As Gogol's work on the novel proceeded, its theme took on more and more grandiose proportions in his mind. At first he wrote without forming any concrete plan in his head but the beginning of the first volume already contains hints of how Gogol hopes to fulfill his mission of saving Russia, which was looking up to him with eyes full of expectation. But quite soon the fact that the whole of Russia would appear in his novel (in fact the skein of characters the hero encounters does represent the whole of Russia, in their skepticism, greed, fear, paranoia) was no longer enough to satiate him. Gogol was getting all the more convinced of his messiah-like mission to save Russia and he began to regard Dead Souls as the means God had given him to intercede for his fellow comrades. Brooding over the fate of mankind in general and of his countrymen in particular, Gogol was puzzled by man's perverse habit of straying from the road which lay wide open before and which, if he followed it, would lead him to some magnificent "palace fit for an emperor to live in", and of preferring instead to follow and chase after all sorts of will-o'-the-wisps to the abyss and then asking in horror what the right road was. But Gogol's own pursuit (to the truth and meaning of existence), was unfortunately, a will-o'-the-wisps which brought him to the abyss into which he finally precipitated himself. It was through the numerous characters, with whom Gogol intended to represent all of Russia, that all the stupidities and absurdities of all the "clever fellows" were caricatured and reflected and therefore became more apparent to us. The work is therefore highly satirical of the senselessness of the noisy contemporary world, and the deceitfulness of the illusions that led mankind astray. Notwithstanding all that remains of the second volume of Dead Souls is a number of various fragments of four chapters and one fragment of what appears to be the final chapter, the plot deduced from the context is nothing but discernible. But no final judgment of the complete second volume (and maybe another volume that was utterly lost) of Dead Souls can be based on what has been crudely recovered. Simple and uneventful the plot might have been, the essence of the book simmers on the ground that injustice cannot be rooted out by punishment and that the only way of restoring the reign of justice in Russia was to appeal to the inbred sense of honor that resided in every Russia's heart. The plot is simple. Collegiate Councilor Pavel Ivanovich Chichiknov arrived in the town N. to buy up all the peasants who died before a new census was taken for the landowners were obligated to pay taxes for these dead serfs. With a subtle resourcefulness and perspicacity, he purchased these dead serfs for resettlement in land that was distributed for free. Was he to acquire them at a considerably lower price than what the Trustee Council would give him, a great fortune would be in store for him. Under the pretext of looking for a place to settle and under all sorts of other pretexts and chicanery, he undertook to scrutinize all parts of Russia where he could buy most conveniently and cheaply the sort of peasants he wanted. He did not approach any landowner indiscriminately, but selected those with whom he could negotiate such deals with the least difficulty, trying first to make their acquaintance and gain their confidence. Conducting himself with the utmost decorum and discretion, he was extremely meticulous in find out all the leading landowners and the number of dead souls each of them owned. But the thought that the serfs were not real serfs was never absent from his mind: a pricking thought that rendered him anxious to settle the tricky business soon as possible. But the purchase of dead souls soon became inevitably a topic of the town's general conversation, in which views and opinions were expressed regarding whether serfs should be purchased for resettlement. No one was not astounded by the news of Chichikov's purchase. Some demanded an explanation but paradoxically the affair seemed to be deprived of any proper explanation. Readers might have raised the same question: What was the meaning of these dead souls? There is no logic in dead souls. How can one buy dead souls? Others quailed at the possible outbreak of mutiny so vast a number of rowdy peasants Chichikov contrived to transport. The vague identity of Chichikov also added to the public's paranoia. Whether Chichikov's tricky business succeed or not, Dead Souls positions itself as Gogol's judgment of mankind, being a similitude to or even an inspiration to Dostoyevsky's Notes from Underground. Dead Souls offers a quasi-biblical solution as Gogol brings about his protagonist's spiritual regeneration: think not of dead souls, but of one's own living soul and follow a path with God's help.

[cammykitty · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

Lovely cynical romp through serf-filled Russia, especially if you enjoy portraits of despicable people.

[ctpress_1 · Rating: 2 out of 5 stars]

Here we are presented with the russian people - and russian temperament - in all its variety. All the different people our main character visits and presents his remarkable idea. To buy dead souls. We are left to guess what's going on here. I liked the beginning of the tale - but the revelation in the end and it's conclusion is not very surprising or rewarding. Not a book I will read again.

[celtic_2 · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

A great idea that provides us with an unpredictable story both funny and tragic. Great character studies and lots of good 'stories within the story'.

[diotima12_1 · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

The first book of "Dead Souls" is picaresque and wonderful, but the remnants of the second book are just outstanding. The depth displayed in the fragments of Book 2 elevate Gogol from a cheeky, vicious satirist to a real humanitarian artist.

[rickstill122 · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

I consider Gogol to be an artist first, and a writer second. It's hard to recommend him highly enough, but can we suffice it to say his fan club included Dostoyevsky, Bulgakov, Pushkin and Nabokov? I heard Mel Brooks raving about him in an interview once! I believe his four main powers as an artist are; 1) Pithy description and detail. Whether a character has a life span of eight chapters or four sentences, their image is indelible. 2) Living dialogue. The conversations of the many characters are sparkling with life. 3) A kaleidoscope of tones and voices. Fire and Brimstone Sermons, direct addresses, stand-up comedians, old fashioned yarn spinners, verbal landscape painters, whirling in a symphony of images and tones and voices. 4) The magical power to foreground both form and content simultaneously. Also, as with all the greatest literature, I suggest reading some passages out loud to truly feel the rhythm that only Gogol could establish in a novel that jumps from brilliant to goofy and sad to hilarious, as if they were all stones within leaping distance of each other across the swirling water of a creek. I suggest the Andrew R. MacAndrew translation.

[jvioland_1 · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

This is a funny book. Bureaucratic foibles permit the collecting of the identities of the no-longer-living for profit.

[labrick · Rating: 1 out of 5 stars]

The copy I read was from Project Guttenberg and ended in mid sentence. Even without the sudden ending it should be noted that the story was anticlimactic. Most of the book is spent gathering dead souls only to have the act become pointless in the end. If other copies have a more satisfying, i.e. complete, ending I could possibly recommend this book.