Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Ivanhoe
    Ivanhoe
    Ivanhoe
    Ebook717 pages12 hours

    Ivanhoe

    By Sir Walter Scott

    3.5/5

    ()

    Switch to audiobook
    Read preview

    About this ebook

    Ivanhoe is an action-packed adventure story set in medieval England. In Sir Walter Scott's novel, a young knight must fight to prove his worth and win his love against a background of the late 12th century. With King Richard the Lion Heart away, Prince John sits on the throne and allows Norman nobles to raise taxes on the Saxon countryside.

    If you've heard the stories of Robin Hood and want more, you'll love Sir Wilfred of Ivanhoe's adventures in the forests of England.
    This Xist Classics edition has been professionally formatted for e-readers with a linked table of contents. This eBook also contains a bonus book club leadership guide and discussion questions. We hope you’ll share this book with your friends, neighbors and colleagues and can’t wait to hear what you have to say about it.

    Xist Publishing is a digital-first publisher. Xist Publishing creates books for the touchscreen generation and is dedicated to helping everyone develop a lifetime love of reading, no matter what form it takes



    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherXist Publishing
    Release dateMar 6, 2015
    ISBN9781623958152
    Author

    Sir Walter Scott

    Sir Walter Scott was born in Scotland in 1771 and achieved international fame with his work. In 1813 he was offered the position of Poet Laureate, but turned it down. Scott mainly wrote poetry before trying his hand at novels. His first novel, Waverley, was published anonymously, as were many novels that he wrote later, despite the fact that his identity became widely known.

    Read more from Sir Walter Scott

    Related to Ivanhoe

    Related ebooks

    Classics For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      Three Poems by Geoffrey Hill

      Dec 15, 2018

      62. Why such irony in re the mystical context when a graph of even the most commonplace exchange would appear perplexed; when we drop out from the plainest statement in the posture of a bat? So, decide to make something of that, the style to resemble

      2 min read

    • Article

      The Devil Strides Our Countryside

      Jan 26, 2023

      TO SEND REVIEW COPIES, CONTACT THE BOOK REVIEWS EDITOR AT DVBARRETT@FORTEANTIMES.COM Jeremy Harte Reaktion Books 2022 Hb, 296pp, £15.99, ISBN 9781789146509 One of the most beloved of Doctor Who stories has long been 1971’s “The Daemons”. Over the cou

      15 min read

    • Article

      The Man Who Invented Scotland?

      Aug 5, 2021

      The Man Who Invented Scotland?
      8 min read

    • Article

      The Grueling, Painful, Beautiful Fiction of László Krasznahorkai

      Aug 8, 2017

      To misread Krasznahorkai as merely, or primarily, a political writer is to risk squandering the profoundly personal nature of his stories. More tragically, it is to foist a kind of sloppy activist, and determinately secular métier onto one of contemp

      9 min read

    • Article

      Boundaries? What boundaries?

      Mar 2, 2023

      Boundaries? What boundaries?
      3 min read

    • Article

      An Archaeological Inquest

      Sep 1, 2022

      An Archaeological Inquest
      7 min read

    • Article

      W.G. Sebald and the Malthusian Tragic

      Mar 28, 2018

      In 1798, an unknown curate named Robert Thomas Malthus published the essay that would give his name to a new breed of anxiety. He argued that the growth rate of the population would always exceed the growth rate of the food supply, inevitably reducin

      14 min read

    • Article

      New Zealand Books

      Sep 8, 2019

      She’s a hard road finding the perfect way to write about comedy. Try to be funny and you’ll be unfavourably compared with your subjects. Resist all temptation to humour and you’ll be accused of producing something ironically dry given your subject, L

      4 min read

    • Article

      Kent Russell’s Long March

      Jul 30, 2020

      Russell's new book is sure to make readers foam all over again. Not because it’s a bad book, but because it is wildly uneven—with flashes of brilliance bogged down by half-baked analysis and muddy writing. The post Kent Russell’s Long March appeared

      8 min read

    • Article

      How To Become A Cult Writer

      Apr 1, 2022

      How To Become A Cult Writer
      8 min read

    • Article

      Not The Whole Picture

      Oct 1, 2020

      Allen Lane, 512 pages, £30 Fernando Cervantes has produced a veritable compendium on the Spanish conquest of the Americas, covering the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico and South America. But painting a vast canvas was not the author’s only goal: h

      2 min read

    • Article

      Six Ways To Make Things Better

      Dec 23, 2020

      The secret author has been accused of — that dreadful modern word — “negativity”. He has, even more distressingly, been accused of cynicism. He has been accused of living in the last century. He has been accused of being a middle-aged, middleclass an

      3 min read

    • Article

      Time For Us All To Grow Up

      Apr 28, 2022

      CIRCUS OF DREAMS (Constable, £25), John Walsh’s elegant and entertaining memoir of London literary life in the late 1980s and early 1990s, turns a bit less elegant and entertaining in its final stretch. Here Mr Walsh files a traditional Grub Street v

      3 min read

    • Article

      Demystify History

      Apr 6, 2023

      What is a historical novel? One set in the past, presumably? But when does the present end, and when does the past begin: ten minutes, ten days, a decade, a century, a millennium ago? Do novels set during an author’s own lifetime have any claim to be

      3 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for Ivanhoe

    3.5/5

    1,408 ratings58 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

    • 3/5
      The tenth book in Scott's series of historical novels. Anthony Trollope rates Ivanhoe as one of the greatest ever novels, up there with Pride and Prejudice and others. I'm afraid I don't agree. It is an enjoyable read, but the plot is a frequently implausible, the characters are more caricatures than believable people, and the historical "background" tends to become didactic at times. But, as a rollicking good yarn in the Biggles or Indiana Jones style, the reader should settle down and enjoy.
    • 5/5
      Sir Walter Scott’s 1819 novel, Ivanhoe, tells the story of Wilfred of Ivanhoe, a Saxon knight in the twelfth century. Ivanhoe was disinherited by his father, Cedric of Rotherwood, for supporting the Norman King Richard Cœur-de-Lion and falling in love with Rowena, Cedric’s ward. Cedric had hoped to wed Rowena to Athelstane, the descendant of the great Saxon kings, in order to restore the Saxon nobility.King John holds a tournament at Ashby-de-la-Zouch Castle, at which a disguised Ivanhoe bests the Norman champion and Templar knight, Brian de Bois-Guilbert, and where Robin of Locksley splits a willow reed with his arrow as well as his competitor’s arrow, a scene that first entered the Robin Hood legend in this novel. A Black Knight also performs admirably, but departs when besieged during the melee. A major subplot focuses on the place of Isaac of York and his daughter, Rebecca, as Jews in Norman-conquered England. Scott describes how Isaac’s wealth allows him to interact with Norman society, though, as a non-Christian, the Normans hold him in the same contempt with which they view the conquered Saxons. Rebecca’s intelligence and beauty, however, attract would-be Norman suitors.After the tournament, Bois-Guilbert and Reginald Front-de-Bœuf, a fellow Norman Templar, capture Cedric and his party along with Isaac and Rebecca. In his fortress Torquilstone, Front-de-Bœuf demands an impossible ransom from Isaac in exchange for his daughter. Meanwhile, the Black Knight meets the Holy Clerk of Copmanhurst, Friar Tuck, and joins in the siege of Torquilstone with Locksley’s men. Front-de-Bœuf dies during the siege along with Athelstane, though Bois-Guilbert escapes with Rebecca as a prisoner. The Black Knight rescues Ivanhoe from the burning castle and reveals himself to be King Richard.While Locksley hosts Richard Cœur-de-Lion, Bois-Guilbert’s Templar master, the zealot Lucas de Beaumanoir, believes that Rebecca has ensorcelled his knight and plans to execute her as a witch. She demands trial by combat and a call is sent for a champion. At Coningsburgh, while Cedric plans Athelstane’s funeral, the Saxon lord is discovered to have survived his wounds. Though Cedric still hopes to wed Athelstane to Rowena, Athelstane demurs and frees her to marry Ivanhoe. Rebecca’s message arrives, and Ivanhoe, Richard, and Cedric depart for the Templar Preceptory. There, Ivanhoe fights Bois-Guilbert, who dies of natural causes in the saddle. Rebecca, now free, makes plans for she and her father to leave England for Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain), where she believes they will be free from persecution. Before departing, Rebecca visits Rowena and gives her a gift on her wedding day to Ivanhoe.Scott wrote a fictionalized history, though he sought to give it verisimilitude with references to historical sources, including those he invented such as the Norman Wardour Manuscript, which first appeared in Scott’s 1816 novel, The Antiquary. Though Robin Hood is not the main character of Ivanhoe, Scott’s portrayal of the outlaw left a lasting mark on the character’s history. Future retellings of Robin Hood included the arrow-splitting and transposed elements of Ivanhoe’s narrative on to Robin. According to Hector Hugh Munro, Scott misspelled “Cerdic,” creating the name Cedric in the English language. Further, Scott helped popularize Robin Hood as Robin of Locksley. In addition to this, while Scott’s portrayal of Jewish characters was likely progressive and sympathetic for 1820 (much like Shakespeare’s portrayal of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice was for its time), his focus on Isaac’s avaricious nature resembles the worst stereotyping of the twentieth century and has not aged particularly well. Rebecca fares better, but only in comparison to Isaac. That said, the work is a must-read for those studying English literature or who enjoy historical fiction or fantasy. This Heritage Press edition contains illustrations from Edward A. Wilson, who brilliantly captures the spirit of Scott’s text.
    • 5/5
      this is my fav book
    • 4/5
      A real page turner.
    • 4/5
      For the modern reader, there are many complaints that could lodged against the writing in Ivanhoe (first published in the early 1800′s). Both the beginning of the book and every new character or location inspire several paragraphs of exposition. At first, I found these very detailed descriptions made it harder for me to picture the whole person or scene being described. The language was a little hard to deal with at first, with an archaic feel that reminded me most of Shakespeare out of anything I’ve read. The footnotes never explained anything of use and phrases of Latin or French were rarely translated. Finally, the author frequently breaks the fourth wall to explain to readers his choice of historical details and so on.All of that said, this book also reminded me of Shakespeare in that I got used to all of those quirks that bothered me originally. Even at the beginning it was possible to follow the archaic language and appreciate the author’s use of word-play in jests (also reminiscent of Shakespeare). In fact, as time passed and I became involved in the story, I liked the atmosphere of the archaic language. It almost felt like a bard could be reciting this story of epic chivalry and adventure. I loved how excessively honorable the good guys were and how excessively unscrupulous the bad guys were. I’m not sure how to describe it better than by referring you to any experience you have with the story of Robin Hood, because Ivanhoe is clearly the inspiration for that light-hearted approach to an adventure story. So, while this was neither the most historically accurate nor the best written historical fiction I’ve ever read, it was definitely some of the most fun.
    • 4/5
      It's full of intrigue, adventure, and romance. The two women speak thoughtfully and articulately at various points, while the men speak with their swords and lances.
    • 3/5
      Surprised that I liked it, with the Knights and such and so forth, and then not surprised at all.
    • 5/5
      The iconic novel of knights in shining armor and damsels in distress, honor and glory in early Norman England. The language is a bit stilted but today's standard, but the book is good as the classic that it is.
    • 3/5
      Long before I read this book (in 9th-grade English, if I recall correctly), I was familiar with bits of the story from the TV series -- who of my generation can forget "Ivanhoe-oe, Ivanhoe!" As someone with an almost lifelong interest in Scotland, I wonder why the only book of Scott's I've read is this one, which has an English setting? It's a ripping yarn with some depth to it, especially as it treats of the different cultures coexisting in medieval England -- Normans, Saxons, Jews.
    • 3/5
      Ivanhoe (published 1820) is a novel set in late 1100s Britain, before the rifts caused by the Norman (northern French) conquest in 1066 had time to heal. Although I had initially thought that Ivanhoe was a late addition to the Arthurian legendarium, this is incorrect: King Arthur and his knights ruled in the early 500s, more than six centuries prior to Ivanhoe. The late 1100s were an era of fervent Christianity, contemporaneous with the Third Crusade (led by King Richard the Lionheart) and the legend of the outlaw Robin Hood.Ivanhoe is a very slow-paced novel. It spends a great deal of time describing the appearance of each character, and their speech is invariably long-winded and flowery, even at times when it seems like brevity would be necessary. During action or tense scenes, the dialogue almost feels like an aside in a play, where most actors pause the scene and allow one actor to express her thoughts, with time "frozen" in the background. The slow pace of action and sheer number of words required for anyone to say anything or get anything done really drags the book down."Ivanhoe" is unusual in that it does not have any character one could meaningfully call "the protagonist." Certainly Ivanhoe, for whom the book is named, could not be it- he gets remarkably little "screen time." In fact, the narrative camera follows a great many characters, giving them all modest portions of time, a style reminiscent of that used by George R. R. Martin in his Song of Ice and Fire series. But unlike Martin's series, the storyline of "Ivanhoe" has a clearly defined and manageable scope, set in a relatively small geographic area containing forests, a few castles, and a monastery.The book is even more unusual in that its most important focus is the experience of Jewish people in late 1100s England, a society remarkably hostile to them. The most sympathetic characters in the novel are an old Jewish moneylender, Isaac of York, and his beautiful daughter, Rebecca. While one might criticize Isaac's portrayal as playing into old stereotypes of Jewish people (particularly a love of money), it is hard to know what Jewish people were really like so long ago, and Isaac at least appears to help explain why 1100s English society held some of the views that it held toward Jews. Rebecca does not play into these stereotypes at all. She is a passive but heroic figure who is proud of her Jewish heritage. Though people might disagree over the extent to which Scott reinforces or breaks down stereotypes, it seems clear that Scott was vastly ahead of writers and thinkers who came more than 100 years after him in promoting the equal rights, understanding, and acceptance of Jewish people in society.Characters are typically entirely good or entirely evil, and they often fit stereotypes (the clever jester; the handsome, youthful knight who excels in combat; the greedy, evil knight; the religious zealot who leads a cult-like order; etc.) None of them are all that interesting, except for the pair of Jewish characters, and the other characters insofar as they interact with the Jews and what this reveals about them.The book has three main action scenes: a tournament, storming a castle, and a trial by combat. Unfortunately, action writing is not Scott's forte. The actual events are short and sparsely described; even during a battle, the focus remains on the feelings of the characters present, rather than their actions or the strategic aspects of the fight.In the end, the book was interesting, but was not worth the time I spent on it. I'd only recommend it for true aficionados of older stories set in the Middle Ages, or those who want to know more about the life, times, and court politics of England following the Norman Conquest. If your goal is simply entertainment, you can probably find a more fun novel elsewhere.
    • 3/5
      This historical fiction adventure story may have been sensational in the early 19th century but history has been told far better in the 20th century so the book doesn't really hold up well.This tale of Normans vs. Saxons in the reign of Richard the Lionheart also showed the social division of the Christians vs. Jews. Broken into three sections, we see Ivanhoe at the tournament as a disinherited knight, the captivity of the major characters and the trial of the Jewess, Rebecca, for sorcery. The story was entertaining but not sensational.
    • 4/5
      A good story, which is let down a little by the writing.The story is set in the twelfth century, during the period when King Richard I was on crusade and prince John was in charge. It covers the friction between Saxons and Normans, antisemitism, the knights templar, and with Robin Hood and his men thrown in for good measure.The writing gets a bit ponderous at times, but the story is good enough to keep you reading despite this.I found the blatant antisemitism difficult, especially as it's difficult to know whether this was Walter Scott's view, or whether he was just trying to show what things were like in the twelfth century.Some of the suspense is a little overdone: for example, everyone has worked out who the black knight is long before his identity is revealed. Likewise Locksley and the clerk of Copmanhurst.But that said, it's still a good story. And it's not surprising that there have been many film and TV adaptations.
    • 3/5
      A youth novel, a heroic knight, romanticised Middle-Ages (a favourite theme in the 1800's). A classic, though you should have "outread" it in your early 20's at the latest. Otherwise, go on and stick to comic books and video games.
    • 4/5
      There was a time when Walter Scott was seen as the great novelist of his age--far superior to Jane Austen. Donizetti used one of Scott's novels for the basis of Lucia de Lammermoor. Mark Twain decried Scott's influence on Southern American culture with his "sham chivalries" Twain blamed for the American Civil War. Well, these days while Austen is triumphant, hardly anyone reads Scott anymore. Ivanhoe is the novel you'd most likely still find on shelves, its readership possibly kept alive by the film adaptations. While I wouldn't reverse the judgement of history--Austen is one of my favorite authors and in comparison Scott feels shallow--I did find this great fun when I discovered this in my teens. The history part of the historical fiction? Well, there are lots of ahistorical and anachronistic touches. By the time of King Richard I, I doubt the Anglo Saxons still kept a distinctive culture or dreamed of ever ousting the Normans, or even thought of the Plantagenets as a foreign dynasty. (Even if Richard the Lionheart didn't speak English or spend much of his reign in England.) And Robin Hood is legend, not history. I'd also say that the main characters we're supposed to be most enamored with--Ivanhoe and Rowena--seem rather bland to me. But ah, then there's Rebecca! Although one could see some anti-Semitic stereotypes in her father Isaac, if for nothing else, Scott should be given credit for creating such a strong, appealing Jewish heroine at a time when Anti-semitism was still rampant in English fiction. And I love the villain, Brian Bois-Guilbert, who isn't painted completely black but has, shall we say, some interesting qualities. And well, it's simply fun to read this--not in my opinion dry at all. It's a fun romp through history--as long as you don't ask it to be too historical.
    • 5/5
      Ah, Ivanhoe. You have it all: beautiful ladies, brave and desperate knights, daring feats in the lists, breaking lances and shattered spears, courtesy and gentility and even Robin Hood. You have all the beauty of the chivalric age... and all its ugliness, too. The bigotry of the Norman toward the Saxon is eclipsed only by the virulent anti-Semitism of the period, when reviling and even killing Jews was considered praiseworthy service to God. The story is well known: Ivanhoe, a young Saxon knight, has been disinherited by his father Cedric for daring to love his ward Rowena, whom Cedric desires to marry Athelstane, descendant of the last Saxon kings in England. In his brother Richard's absence in the Holy Land, Prince John is scheming to take the throne. Three of his strongest supporters, Bois-Guilbert, De Bracy, and Front-de-Boeuf, become involved in a kidnapping scheme to carry off Rowena as well as a young and beautiful Jewess, Rebecca, whose father Isaac of York is John's moneylender. My favorite character is Rebecca, hands down. She is supposed to be secondary to the lovely and regal Rowena, but even Scott admits that Rebecca is more interesting. Poor Rowena... she has a great moment in her defiance of De Bracy, so imperious and dignified and unbending. I was even thinking of using that passage to argue for her not being such a wimp as she is usually colored, but then Scott completely undermines her courage by saying that she only exercises it because she is so used to getting her own way in Cedric's household and couldn't imagine anyone not giving way to her wishes. When De Bracy proves a firmer man than her guardian, Rowena takes refuge in her only remaining defense: a flood of tears that routs him from the room, if not from his purpose. After that collapse, Scott mercifully does not allow her to be further tested... because she might just crumple under the pressure — !But not so with Rebecca. She is made of sterner stuff, and the scenes of her defiance toward Bois-Guilbert are thrilling to read. Who can read of her courage and not root for her, even while wishing she would bend just a little so she could survive? But then she wouldn't be Rebecca, would she? I thought the minor character of Ulrica was fascinating... a sort of precursor to the mad Bertha of Jane Eyre. There are several striking likenesses: a woman used for her beauty, insane, who sets fire to the castle of her imprisonment for revenge and perishes the night of the conflagration. Although, Ulrica wasn't locked in the attic and she is perhaps a shade more complex than the simply insane Bertha, because of her willing compliance in her degradation. In any case, it's masterful what Scott is able to do with even the minor characters. Speaking of whom, how about Wamba? Is he not the best fool ever? I don't understand why people think classic novels are dry. Scott evinces quite a wit and sense of humor with the humble jester of Cedric's household. Athelstane is another character who amuses me, with his stolid passion for food and drink while Cedric is trying to urge him to think on higher things. Haha!Ivanhoe himself is not much characterized in the story. He is very honorable and mighty in battle, faithful to a fault but not entirely free of the prejudices of his time and rank. He shows mercy to the despised Jew Isaac of York, but there is contempt mixed with his care. And I didn't much like how after his marriage to Rowena, his thoughts wandered to Rebecca "more frequently than the fair descendant of Alfred might altogether have approved." I guess that's fairly realistic though. And the villains... they don't make them like this nowadays! They are mighty men, competent, strong, honorable according to their code, and not easily thrown off. There is almost something admirable about them... and that's what makes them such splendid villains. Selfish, proud, and wrongheaded as he is, Brian Bois-Guilbert nevertheless retains a vestige of attraction and fascination. He does nothing halfheartedly. Maurice De Bracy is another villain I couldn't quite hate; he's foolish, but there is something warm and pleasant about him. At least he escaped the heavier fate of his two partners in crime, Bois-Guilbert and Front-de-Boeuf. Overall, Ivanhoe is a thrilling read, for all its intricate language and sentence structure. The characters, the romance, the humor... it's the complete package. Literary fun in the world of chivalry doesn't get much better. Recommended!
    • 4/5
      If you let yourself go with the flow and read this as a romance, not a history, it works really well. Scott has some scintillating characters in here: Rebecca with her grand ideals and moral stance, Brian de Bois-Guilbert who is so conflicted that he knows what he'd doing makes no sense - but continues to do it anyway, Ulrica and her troubled past, emeshed with Front-du-Boeuf and faithful fool Wamba - was ever a fool so wise? Compared to this multi-faceted cast, the romantic lead of Ivanhoe & Rowena are, to be honest, a bit wet. Ivanhoe is so terribly good, loyal, honest, caring etc that he doesn't seem to have any colour at all, while Rowena has one moment of crisis which she starts OK with defiance, but then goes entirely to pieces when she's not treated as the little princess. It all gets a little odd when we have King Richard meeting Robin Hood, (clearly the source of numerous film ideas - it really didn't happen!) and the disguises are of the literary "lets put glasses on & hide in plain sight" style - they somehow fool the occupants of the novel, but the reader has a pretty good idea who they really are.There's a lot to complain of in this - the way that history is slightly distorted to make a good tale (the joust described is later than setting, the clothing earlier), but somehow it does all work together to make a vivid scene. It's got enough action and interesting happenings to keep you reading on and I had a whale of a time reading it.
    • 3/5
      I really wanted to like this book, because I enjoy a good adventure, swashbuckling story. Unfortunately, I found the prose slow-going -- although once I became immersed in the plot, it was easier to read.
    • 4/5
      I read Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe when I was very young, so reading it again now for a class was quite interesting. It was odd how much I remembered once I actually got started -- and strange the things that I didn't remember, like the fact that Robin Hood is in it!

      Reading it now, halfway through the course, it staggered me how very typical it is of a Robin Hood text, and how much it reminded me of Chaucer, too. It's like some bizarre cross between an Arthurian text (with all the jousting and the knights) and a Robin Hood text. This is the first one I've read for this course which makes it a Saxon vs. Norman issue, which is interesting.

      It was so strange reading this and, for the first time, feeling like I couldn't turn off the critical English Literature student part of me. I keep wanting to ramble on about the king and subject aspects, or the criticism of the clergy, or...

      I actually really enjoyed it. It's one of the first books I read completely on my ereader, so I suppose the aspect of playing with a new gadget helped, but I found it really easy to read and be absorbed in, even if it is -- by modern standards -- quite wordy. The people who think it's Old English baffle me.* I don't think I had to look up any of the vocabulary in Ivanhoe.

      In terms of the action and characters, Ivanhoe himself isn't terribly interesting. Oh, sure, he's virtuous and a good knight and the title would make you think he's the main character, but he isn't. The most interesting characters were probably King Richard, Rebecca and Cedric. Rebecca got a little irritating after a while, with it always talking about how utterly perfect she was, but at least she was more interesting than Ivanhoe. The tension between her and Ivanhoe was also interesting -- more so than the love story between Rowena and Ivanhoe.

      Interested to see what my lecturer has to say about it; I'll probably write my essay on Ivanhoe.

      *This is Old English (Anglo-Saxon): In ðeosse abbudissan mynstre wæs sum broðor syndriglice mid godcundre gife gemæred ond geweorðad, forþon he gewunade gerisenlice leoð wyrcan, þa ðe to æfestnisse ond to arfæstnisse belumpon, swa ðætte swa hwæt swa he of godcundum stafum þurh boceras geleornode, þæt he æfter medmiclum fæce in scopgereorde mid þa mæstan swetnisse ond inbryrdnisse geglængde ond in Engliscgereorde wel geworht forþ brohte.
      For example.
    • 5/5
      Who wouldn't love the story of the Disinherited Knight? I love adventure stories that are also about love. This one is great!
    • 5/5
      Ivanhoe by Sir Walter ScottI have been wanting to reread this book about medieval knights, damsels in distress, honor, chivalry, strange heroes, etc. Ivanhoe, with the dialogue written in Old English, does not disappoint. Although the characters never spoke in less than a paragraph and the author describes every single person, setting, and event to the Nth degree, these carefully fabricated words serve to make the reader feel as though they are right there cheering in the lists alongside the populace. Ivanhoe is & has been since I first read it in 2nd grade, one of my favorite historical novels. Though Ivanhoe does not even seem to have a major role, he is worthy of the heroism we place upon his head. I loved Wamba. What a funny & odd little hero this village idiot turns out to be. The Lady Rowena as the love interest of Ivanhoe is a bit disappointing and the fact that she seems a rather flat character is probably my only complaint about this book. Rebecca is a much broader player and as such is more interesting as a lead female character. I am very happy that I read this again but do wish I had not waited so very long. Highly recommended for those who do not tire of the 'old English' language.
    • 4/5
      When I was a youngster, one of our favorite family activities was to play the then-familiar card game called Authors, which was basically "Go Fish" with the likes of Hawthorne, Tennyson, Longfellow, and Dickens in sets of four instead of numeric rank within suit. (Where else would you find James Fenimore Cooper on a peer footing with William Shakespeare?) Thus the face of Sir Walter Scott was more familiar to me than that of my own deceased grandmother.Scott was, in fact, an icon of classic entertainment, an author whose works were among the staples of childhood and young adult reading, with their jousting knights in armor, their chivalrous deeds and dark intrigues, their acts of high valor and foul treachery, their political allegiances and divided loyalties, their spirited damsels and their swashbuckling heroes.In ninth grade, when my classmates and I were assigned to read Ivanhoe, I met Scott like an old family friend. The affectionate greeting, however, was not returned with equal warmth. In fact, the language and substance of this novel were both so alien to me that I honestly don't know how I managed to read it at all.In those days, meaning the end of the Eisenhower administration, Ivanhoe was required reading in public schools across the U.S. I can't imagine why. I didn't hate it--I never hated anything we read in school. I was a straight-A English student throughout my scholastic career and later made language the basis of my profession. But the necessary knowledge of British history and traditional social structure, command of an archaic vocabulary, and ability to parse the convoluted style and grammar of the early nineteenth century in another culture all seem like formidable obstacles to comprehension for young teenagers, even without the adult themes and conflicts, the violence, and the very disturbing vein of institutionalized antisemitism that prevail throughout the novel.How many 14-year-olds could have been expected to get much of anything out of this? All else aside, how much knowledge of medieval England and its politics was any American highschooler expected to have? I'm amazed that there weren't dozens of more recent, more generally readable, and more culturally apt choices that were considered to be essential to the education of American young people. I got through it somehow, along with the rest of my ninth-grade class, but I missed all the adventure in a sea of confusing language, lost context, and bewildering names. What a shame that curriculum requirements, both then and now, should serve to foster lifelong antipathy toward certain works and toward reading in general when, now more than ever, literacy is an essential skill and severely weakened cultural bonds could use reinforcement.In intervening years I have read quantities of British literature and older literature and older British literature, and I feel very much at home with it. I'm comfortable with both a nineteenth-century prose style and a medieval setting. Archaic vocabulary does not trip me up, and I don't mind protracted descriptions, windy commentary, or so-called author intrusion. Still, it took me a long while to come back around to Scott.A couple of years ago I enjoyed The Bride of Lammermoor, followed by The Heart of Midlothian. After that it seemed to be time to revisit Ivanhoe. I finished it a week ago.From my present perspective, Ivanhoe is a relic, not so much of the historical period of its setting (with which Scott admitted to having taken considerable liberties) or even of the literary era in which it was written (early nineteenth century) as of a period in our European-American cultural and educational history in which youngsters read romances such as Ivanhoe voluntarily and for pleasure. Those same audiences these days would be viewing action movies for which you don't actually need a vocabulary at all.Or maybe those aren't the kids avidly watching car chases and explosions and splattering pixels of gore in first-person-shooter video games. Maybe they're among the considerably smaller number who play chess and Magic: The Gathering and Sodoku: a relatively privileged, nerdy set (privileged if only with the motive, means, and opportunity to do those things) who don't gravitate toward the lowest common denominator. In any event, their path to imaginative excitement and adventure is not via such printed words as these:=====(Excerpt begins)"I am indeed bound to vengeance," murmured Cedric; "Saint Withold knows my heart." Front-de-Boeuf, in the meanwhile, led the way to a postern, where, passing the moat on a single plank, they reached a small barbican, or exterior defence, which communicated with the open field by a well-fortified sallyport. "Begone, then; and if thou wilt do mine errand, and if thou return hither when it is done, thou shalt see Saxon flesh cheap as ever was hog's in the shambles of Sheffield. And, hark thee, thou seemest to be a jolly confessor---come hither after the onslaught, and thou shalt have as much Malvoisie as would drench thy whole convent." "Assuredly we shall meet again," answered Cedric. "Something in hand the whilst," continued the Norman; and, as they parted at the postern door, he thrust into Cedric's reluctant hand a gold byzant, adding, "Remember, I will flay off both cowl and skin, if thou failest in thy purpose." "And full leave will I give thee to do both," answered Cedric, leaving the postern, and striding forth over the free field with a joyful step, "if, when we meet next, I deserve not better at thine hand."---Turning then back towards the castle, he threw the piece of gold towards the donor, exclaiming at the same time, "False Norman, thy money perish with thee!" Front-de-Boeuf heard the words imperfectly, but the action was suspicious---"Archers," he called to the warders on the outward battlements, "send me an arrow through yon monk's frock!---yet stay," he said, as his retainers were bending their bows, "it avails not--we must thus far trust him since we have no better shift. I think he dares not betray me---at the worst I can but treat with these Saxon dogs whom I have safe in kennel. Ho! Giles gaoler, let them bring Cedric of Rotherwood before me, and the other churl, his companion---him I mean of Coningsburgh ---Athelstane there, or what call they him? Their very names are an encumbrance to a Norman knight's mouth, and have, as it were, a flavour of bacon. Give me a stoup of wine, as jolly Prince John said, that I may wash away the relish---place it in the armoury, and thither lead the prisoners." His commands were obeyed; and, upon entering that Gothic apartment, hung with many spoils won by his own valour and that of his father, he found a flagon of wine on the massive oaken table, and the two Saxon captives under the guard of four of his dependents. Front-de-Boeuf took a long drought of wine, and then addressed his prisoners---for the manner in which Wamba drew the cap over his face, the change of dress, the gloomy and broken light, and the Baron's imperfect acquaintance with the features of Cedric (who avoided his Norman neighbours, and seldom stirred beyond his own domains) prevented him from discovering that the most important of his captives had made his escape.=====(Excerpt ends)That lengthy and randomly chosen passage depicting a tense, suspenseful escape is adequately representative of the flavor of the whole. I would be willing to wager that no reader in 2013, no matter how widely read and how well versed in older literature, would have difficulty understanding how daunting four hundred pages of the same would be to today's young reader.Did I enjoy the book? I did. I was sorry when it ended. And naturally it is no fault of the author and no criticism of his literary tradition to anticipate that the present generation of readers will have little appetite for this work. Whether that should be so is irrelevant; the truth is that it is.I wonder how much longer there will be readers outside of academe who can read it at all.
    • 3/5
      In this novel we see warriors returning from the Crusades, a love story, and the trial of a young Jewess for witchcraft. This book's dated wording does not make it a particularly fun read for 21st century readers. Lady Rowena is supposed to be the leading lady of the book, but Rebecca, the Jewess, is a far more interesting character. Richard the Lionhearted plays a role in the book as well. I wanted to abandon this lengthy tome in many places, but I forced myself to keep plugging along.
    • 2/5
      This book was far too slow for me. The story is good, but the language is too old for me. I had trouble finishing it. Eventually I did.
    • 5/5
      An exciting rollicking adventure, expertly written. Highly recommended.
    • 5/5
      Enjoyable rollicking adventure with damsels in distress, Robin Hood & Merry Men, Richard Lionheart
    • 4/5
      Scott’s classic epic following the adventures of a disinherited knight who fights to restore Richard the Lion Heart to his throne and to regain his own honor. Battles, intrigue and romance abound in this heroic tale. Surprisingly easy to read and quite enjoyable. Ivanhoe reads like a fast-paced ballad and, although it is a long story, the action is evenly spread throughout. I would recommend this classic to anyone who enjoys an epic tale about knights, Templars, friars, lords, ladies and kings. Popular folk heroes Robin Hood, the Black Knight and Friar Tuck also make cameo appearances.
    • 5/5
      Knights, adventure, intrigue—it's got it all.
    • 3/5
      Great Classic story. The ending was a bit of a let down, as it seemed a bit rushed. The language used thoughout was overly wordy and difficult to read. It would be great if modernised.
    • 4/5
      Ivanhoe is one of those books that is so much a part of our culture it's almost redundant to read it, like David Copperfield, The great Gatsby, or whatever. Every book, film, or TV series of the last 190 years that has anything to do with medieval England, knights, jousting, castles, Templars, crusaders, Robin Hood, Richard Coeur de Lion, or whatever has to engage in some way with Ivanhoe: whether it builds on Scott's version of the events or debunks it. Picking holes is easy. Scott rearranged historical events to match his story, and generally used whatever interesting ideas he could pick up from medieval and antiquarian texts, without worrying too much about which century they referred to. But that's hardly the point: it's a glorious romp through medieval England, and we're there to enjoy ourselves, not to be pedantic. Knights are bold, Normans nasty, priests devious, and Robin Hood and his men are prepared to take on all comers if there's the chance of a good fight followed by a feast under the trysting tree. Volume one has a tournament as its climax; in volume two the evil baron's castle is besieged; and in volume three there is a trial by combat. What more could you want from a story?Scott's technique is rather Shakespearean - the "important" characters come on with a flourish of trumpets and do their stuff, but it's only in their dialogues with minor characters that we really get to know them. Ivanhoe himself is rather elusive as a hero - we only meet him rather briefly at the beginning and end of the book, and he's unconscious for just about the whole of volume two. The swineherd Gurth, the jester Wamba, and the superb Friar Tuck are the really interesting, memorable characters, who help us to work through the moral dilemmas of the plot. What's surprising about the book, if we remember it as just an adventure story, is that there are real moral dilemmas confronting the characters. Even in the trial scene, where the reader might expect little more than a show trial, Scott gives free rein to his inner lawyer, and we work systematically through the legal basis for the trial, the motivations of accuser and accused, and the testimonies of the witnesses. Even though we know the result has been pre-cooked, all the characters involved are reminded that they have a moral choice to make. This also comes out strikingly in the relations between the two women and their abductors. Neither de Bracy nor de Bois-Guilbert is quite sure what to do next when the maiden he has captured puts up a spirited resistance: we get to see the situation from the villains' point of view for a little bit and even feel sorry for them when they try to repent their crimes and win the hearts of their victims.An underlying theme of the whole book is the "Norman Yoke" idea: England in the 12th century still feels like an occupied country. The language divide is foregrounded to draw our attention to this. In the opening sequence, Wamba reminds us that Saxon pigs, sheep and cows become Norman pork, mutton and beef when they end up on someone else's plate. Scott probably wasn't aware that these distinctions only became firmly established in the 18th century, but it's an effective and memorable image. Cedric, the crusty Saxon thane who refuses to speak French or even move more than three steps from his table to greet a Norman guest, is a dignified but faintly ridiculous symbol of the old ways - Scott was surely thinking of the Scottish chieftains he depicts in his earlier Jacobite novels, refusing to acknowledge the Hannoverians and drinking to the king "over the water".Uncomfortable for the modern reader is Scott's treatment of the Jewish characters, Isaac and Rebecca. Rebecca is great, a feisty heroine who gains independence and self-sufficiency from her exclusion from English society (apart from herself, the Jewish community in Ivanhoe consists exclusively of old men). Isaac, however, comes over as someone who has stepped straight out of The merchant of Venice. Scott goes to some lengths to present them as human beings with normal human motives and emotions ("Hath not a Jew eyes...?"), and to show us that the prejudices of the time against Jews are either unfounded or self-fulfilling (e.g. Jews that are seen as miserly because the only profession we allow them to follow is banking). However, he clearly doesn't like Jews himself, and reinforces the stereotypes in between undermining them.As Thackeray, and many others since, have said, we feel at the end of the book that Ivanhoe married the wrong girl. Rebecca was probably well out of it - it's nice to imagine that she will meet someone more interesting and intelligent than the Silent Knight in the livelier atmosphere of Moorish Spain. Thackeray, of course, kills off Rowena in his sequel, and has Rebecca convert to Christianity so that she can marry Ivanhoe.
    • 4/5
      Scott’s classic epic following the adventures of a disinherited knight who fights to restore Richard the Lion Heart to his throne and to regain his own honor. Battles, intrigue and romance abound in this heroic tale. Surprisingly easy to read and quite enjoyable. Ivanhoe reads like a fast-paced ballad and, although it is a long story, the action is evenly spread throughout. I would recommend this classic to anyone who enjoys an epic tale about knights, Templars, friars, lords, ladies and kings. Popular folk heroes Robin Hood, the Black Knight and Friar Tuck also make cameo appearances.

    Book preview

    Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott

    Xv2^book_preview_excerpt.htmlG%*1[3?f)%Q*"d3 Ȅエ5''Y?G.1VI$ǿ|[Ӽt0o_|ݿ᧿l>y뛿+W?ͺi36ׯSte|J95L˸L>6n4f]uq/kLr'͹;->%׾kM|45:SR6gg{WoC3,췾߿ƗuOjl=o?^ޥY6)&eݾml M6dׅOm͓ޮ_9mc}k۴驛mq%l[\.fslru7*]m`ɞm m.u>_6S?e+<wҝm{?Csp vrk2%~8^q^ld;RFl't88hm⠪#wOݸ~V >$Zeƒ%~88%ܜӀ{M钖lRwؤ~mqZxndӴIwEmIӎ}oo+DVs3 _̛vr]gm|m_`S_U^Dpx599޶}ŘmW/x2MwV;V g~Nn ۯr:Lc;_٪?l^j%SO@cl9Ͳ4˩;Oyl)Լ^KKSu7` "=4 ly]~h$cjƎsݟx K,zٗ>5tƓFۢllq6 v֞]L,Гɰ 6gu򦍸[EV~P'> )1݉#>kfjg<Kݤ4kk_Lm15v3m[;u>q+쥙7Ok3c؄gĚ&p^f%a&ap/lZm+[3v:Xcyh}Wql';Wҋfaiɦ6_Ϯ" E6uߨn`38y1RPp@U~IN߬0+%py Б{`fðlT `g/xƙ\7FŒBkM\h|Af(~X*DċL" P$Rz9_ŃȧfY,6-@m!uqtoN 4c4E~\ys`vsƑr3LWO<_Ol +vKQ\~^.\JH;9'Huxq[ZF;M}-; LPj[:;Hӛ,2w3@wjm;geodymire0/*:< aơosO׭ u:5b3ܨ QHj b*w- ʿAeſ7]_0)}_)]xyӰ|D.W~\۫ڕvv3^slqo;A6\FwuMR |׼̱YN41P!f&9Ss5^~lOon"BE!e]tKt<ⱝՑ=?+߅7ԏ2~?cjܵCld)ĩo_-ĸl`a%:y=7b1܆er9Lh\xQ3 f%LnCw@#=oKsTn]S-: Z:(BQlsHv囓]:\' Xޤ~]iݷuHsٲ+&툻7xUoܹ 2m֣n<&z9.KTTio:뷯tdG;Uc2 9ʻċG}o2wem7^s--ۖ5 &=dصەg.<5f(C-liO{;/ isJDojN7(-';oMYmǙ*vB [\G'UǷO\3Epp3SY柰'I:=lMt2vЍE 0aEJ=Pl;Y,v-#k-3*I3.Y SE4tB-'".*o3WPIql% t=ńr͐m:! ݡʤzE sݘ,^cc} _:\vj[\ ,jlu]iim8{`=Z\jh(1?fjxkQ"hoN1=KƮ[a7k#슘;̲l(S_Թ$_L#6v;5d2q7>5)`t0^*^|zfe?*7Йe̙fz&`ϣi3< yRnFX~۶(pOțծmv9=UQW>Ztܵ#L~ygfLrkۗI>6][Co:ngOZtSX#}*96TKuyτkFr>ڷ(/upL@̓ek\݇'^<9;C ~ϨTruAnO8mܬCˀ("!Sŭ2;R93|f!sm4[dAR]-ְL :v+W38# (7^f i;~]q\(>Vja'F-05shOly`l<17j㷕YaGwURM_O)I!ŏI[0Ӌ9gfgu仚!lPm/>V*.)4_ /&a!'"\Ru}|]C`Ȑ|C= n744o WVu\ x, W׵ ̠1`=Al}iLk8̔a,ݽ5elO: ?.Uc3?m.L@D'.<iG=ܙo ʳH^FSgIa$LdFgQqL_^t O(F&ZTAEN)ö×. 72 9Y8` Bd 3xVS ʤ3byԿn&[ }u4Y+Ro|Z\?annm ֏'ٽ۰C*,\6y3Q'K[.%WzQUDe`Q~v!fS]\(htR!zq[OwuNLB|iF.A SFnPKlnf+3h)GՓ\-[u+ݬ 1M sfd6oz[Թ}eϜDk4OJꇮ9.ObZmjV7ͱm,9ګ- y HB+gd䯯"Ve̦>ULCS!`&./P9m.ops vpqʁ=h ~󍅖y3{'䶱MPRs{qeZn#諆Y24)a (8Uv6;;ʦCRc?@)OZ/PKۖ N۶,HRJxwitm~[ xbt )vɡmQ`tМ6}C?va>tcr`ṚW %!-+ dFE[p4Hv) Xk4Dg2 pORWU|RR0<fTZZC Uf_erڒ 8M=o@oPp 5,1rAx#o!2]NP߻=EAYT;w{[uYQ1{)2a-9%)u>sx(_*>Sa~mKהLؘpmۡX-n37:+ +u꿙"^^"#mi%b+~ F=#P#>LÈ Mϵ8=Bm@*przP6NH~ zs#=2m  [>qT ~nD0T؉ 22qR~!; 5H`7#ULjG؃gBh)Kut@_~8  DkB:Ջm0@S*)fVՎn)-A0+!'8 p+4HeKH(\tF@L͒G;<'e$) Z]}G3N+JU]?t2H8yxu)̓~m ?cJ֘kaфwD2YgzTv'N 8zi­57r%<@p~3 ë ;Fne@n$?!4YIz{H}u9%Z#_fSiKxϼr { T }Fp"ْ77ز/hT5mbYdq^~ ?ܴ Dv4P5 )F|ÅnaIjWQjfr@Џ0؆2wGfm]ƏmJU,E #!NfQrz#rh_Gw&B+piO:s5.60lh@_c͗^nF,:':PWe @꙼+}Ի gWO +uy _y f[|v/6I4:&(EBԽo/w̬vw}uHm38GQ t=Yw"JpUmިSа$FJqB~?ڸ_xJMkzQ*\_GDDiRl5\ sKPK'9+:ЕyՏT̶LvQ+ ]vu BK6>x0ؚ>$틂di@rtFK)Xg?gc{7l Ｗܘg@k¶W9#Kq @Y{SY0eaڊXdz ťm+v?ƽzOӓ4{N6j.bO $ tPxhꛅA=X9l匈lFĢow|ޢ$b:_UgjkafWge:ޜwP:,ySڎkE'.Bv?;˶0!n go+;e,Z;D,=OzFQ7L3?.gl3@_?"cJ~&_!]N/ωd>tcNnï@GޠW:)]dv߇kvFQ{~j`d8`DH[HpԷ&TÊw#s5?7S7xsVv<  6`[Y#3h߰EɌyvն`ѩرg7_JN|@!/GA7ENgԋ} &'+ J"?Fn5! /$^p'\Y`-;oݤq/]/dFq$e>.³I*a3!)BľMHahQUaOAxKUG&%&2̡pBDj "U(Z7/[hB.h pR.lX@VzQShjT;@hkWUfѓ͋}Quw@VR(ED F`ܼvdi &dx+E ':+S/#Hw"Jl1b8-*AP$Q.,lʱx\F9N%6z .cO ZCtz8d}bDϋF@8:B r?\1 3S HP{:_Eᖻp&ivJ0,VA}ߍ f@0@;8# wWa;4stD-2#ojEל@_ȟ78mDSx741W5eHeҊ0m/e\m5\J ƚaTvl)=arpMb4)P?ӹBĜߢ}LK0xCAi0i B7#?/KS qAsO\"-`Ƽ7ze>b*r$, B_A$[<5b}08>aE3ztFqfPatD.Yw.F{UrOy!L Szy}Ԛf{JOqͶmY LlcSA{eBj)΂fQ}Q( J;zU>Z``~XxG) @P ;$lh@ v 9qyV(غ+ OYGTL9o/˞n>(sLF;S6h|vlWR} ^ڎ2CJ|h)?\ T}2eOW叙g6ZBrf;ViO˺eU{[!"e<\dŠLJoaFp.c)BN:Vo!nگy)x+haeقdj S7`g?фhw-/m'O㰼loƴmgI &5^)smv 2M zJؒ~CUT%`2kșzݞtl\,aȠʬּް;9OlY= }+*×2;ڈ\' 4Ȅ栰 #k V߬ùFic4V.C`Is{ȓ _^5{7Jٮ 6:aV7%fj8l/rs钯Tι| h=Jc5񰀠<" Uw+w"$I-H؉*`&W?D LjH%D8DB^ƠCV8yоYz {m?ǦNE*EY &jôew;S՜,rg[D{j-h\.\|{K5bGs°8չ!?85oUf im{$e:A7"pnG9+ˡC*\P=G*qc,ܴT0P+"TXI}1`Y<Ϻ+R/)[vTR 1sN$CvfE.!GkJϊhee$N+c2PSeM!Lu8v]h@]b5?w߾/ۼ?-?e旷}yݿ|ͫ'W\Yo4~v7s'dżH ])٢>e;p.kY^ ɳ:*a3 `o-I#ygQrVu `7 ]#2Dxt9!= }{Yq JWX) jSA($CQ,9<,w-G+M Mt-J t,-dG@zrZgbCQ#Tew=~p=ωLyPCI\ـ.Tb}Є|@e l.gr{.{R[n|{żs0 %&'.@Wev0-u4ePea0RrnjW3YdO츄33M-:]V{Hx7M!x(]6r Co3-=y~x?*״#*˴{(|.4c?tO2SHQDu\܅ݦ[BX>fHځcgްqfzEKɡ(&QVLn!7ÙYcPCfi$HA9s*VIo([1gaCáyRO}ONM@;)h c*^x$-W\M^:s19AD g3+D)TԞ*EubbVF%lICNE}SS0̧sٝ#b;oz2A z9zUFS)3WnVD?4Joz3~klQ|:ed +]t̺{|Wn fG%Jނ':xhzer~ՆLXx7ˆw|AO@CUN{Aom' TY0xg.N8gQP~5WObhJ\a_^ %Y+j2b#7V3GƄl ~ilero*QǕe0ʓ`MYqjm:]/-`XRm2X &1(;]|Jy<1 X<ѝvR*=͞k|f@2ܿPnoA⎕6=%yR_e+kd:`ۯDbL|z`OXUu=6ɼcͰSwRсjD N%U'߬MZZߤ(:ͮs&|לP9`PsԤAEOQۺedQ Et,񥅎]쩎Nd`(iHC| ~CfEʰ |i37hG!^g:\F$֘n8C"ԁ#,BHUXaū3οYUH~eHJ?2Aͦό ׽ힺ@ . 5aXy:kfqj1Yd9u[Y~BӒ&@\djeYRx!X7sϴ>'V&=LsPCx,`ވ/Ef8 Պ!g`(5;Qf[F[u9\)=^,WysB,l)+bG7HϚ]Vy# `'ohPb'F`r!ӪƐ31:ώp#S9,;ՔL01I#9 _f1 8ٝ1l3AvU֫^3iuc^6b۱@ȗUK;$&8PKZ^hqZ)q&13^ xs~b#=ЯҊr3՗DCm. ̋4̓P"lq MzK.SG8 ;9'Dǩ07ҁ8Gw1 ٟuU ?rա$.acQH XR/j]b໩Cccdh$޳Lu~m$5Y&Miq.N\[SH Peez?TEu'OA;x5uۚLȵT3O 7f2 ^G H{/*dσs!Zbn`6\y]yWeȇy]V Kh`U;:=:r6GpK_kH#R?Q}S}OJ攤 $Ft!2 ڃۏ1r]_ǣ%zj#4[Cw{Ѷ%S0jT5Vɛaj9DƽL0ԋRdw,bh3Vf[ ppnIE%—_A*0N^p1򙵙"](Ѵ(<&`Lʗo _\ %h&4$+hE#xJ_t(Z`3QdzXP*0:pqM&u _޻}HSsO{ <3}NH<[} a ea09|c1a Tg xܢsyAaE-V0Ž9צ|z]ߢB#]bs7$)CJ׶"+r8nsηjj1EwT(ˡiTP A `J:2 ͥ"4Wg`Sd[Mp0ΐ͵GΊEȑ9Lr W͘.#uK`swnZ[_ؖ;L,3LXY3+ŲLШgv@deW;zS-\c"? :Ю@z&nMuǵX.)=Ƅf|)1:oW {2 ]TIR1#3#d$)4G=3 խQj̄? t^P\^K̚BL1BNՔT/2`rŠEV>um*#a>.|%EG4j×UuIԅ#(X%G?6,;2fi$g梇'I;r]MxES25 92 S/jB)ehyaT U|{nA`w#n! 5lш2"NH1 Ӧsi~C-Mi]&l~.f}wP8e~ϻmHU3F-R9}S*zԠyΒ-!mV 0*~aԞ#VJz4qfoPi5 9Y c0"ܱj;&2-aMUFz-%SQ6Fw=̓˖ .ﻫho>ZLv!{T{6#D?f]=[P lK${؝p3a0!e}کjfoo{+m q1 m:dOn /Pw?z֡x-H:š-Gު2FN2U䉣FFI:K,@\ M+T!=b]Yw\FfL(wdefTљj Ѣ7NjovDۖ뽴A$4Csբ9:ͭYqlK*Nϧ5/R3yia|Bɓfrm|f#c5~:"H5"y vqTRog!G &IVq;5!ÄB$AFo B 40ǠCeY %4w dȟʮc%e $PPJtm0.xq&sQQG+PK˯ȊmgCPO3R*RUP9 xzF7{| wgYo%_)!3Լ<2'UBeeO)NsU}Cw(f݈0?ȹJ\/y{a95\ h3y'X<槻l1E(•Ip B=Mm5]A#K-ϙ҈<r#ൌ$ P'9}uz>鷥nTf ށ8V|C_ 1un,K-o%Pn6*rTYfk̋]FfA\ "U.݄§hgL4XyB~rĉ8GlEBZkL #@&JׁjDG鷢jrn(,Oa3*F[/u3Ki*{|(ȣ>wC45D."-EiNu|:9[ՔNժ̺Ck $IdZz3K:VKd\ խ̷ʶtǵtRi_+yU֠RI-{JShvg\ĚA>D(1ͥ}wkjfk~mW^ B,7%K鏿p*|Hzf8P3"U\<T&O&\Dn< $F8O>!rͭ)].Yֳ`"iXhRB%(lhf"VVB5ZRMDiqɭ>MœrJ.N;N!"M,̹j)A2J(`qXWPJ3FhY`;{Mj\; qB un9s.KPJmB" N1k|V{`dE_PYT7]$N}t(1D`3@j Cl{DmP$a1g_~.ixA1OW4o̽4 v%{|_1ֵPbwD.8Dqn5U ?bP4{-Uo뾜v/{b6>&:Ԅz &M"QD3!DV`R훉dby1N 8g^TL>͓O=\zɯh.tGJ`\1-.VvboߏwrO1GUTKr?= N$U nR< ouj> ]xN8:?+Q NGrCaQSЄ }j+UGlTomUcWs#&ȯza5A6vxpZc~Z;ͪVz]SU`܅AYaOcB|0!mqq;yv6 nsɢlMcrEڍꍜXZA$b'%ݑl@' >Re]݇NmZ#@ $v3 4Ԩ"CJNDzx ]Evk_OyU/vmVle =mTu_/2 H <|q|0:N5 vw iOȏM'C$I-䗘hdžq@Rjv:&6].S])Ca:\{ӫ$~D6cĂw0҈s djJ#B4gp>4=!f. 3ܧHFGh(/|WLWrJ zی5zWNr s82Lނ OO({ yɛKjTNDJA1&5nhnpi~)ؗGԞO0FHsHGƦm\ٻn8XmFn.l9s2O%9ID$hI?)A: \ݒxy:^N㋼Gsl!dvL羵0oN Dqw/^F ED1=#1 |YX9V.n tc;F67Y(=1L6[ڪԢg0 NN;|?* uk2 8C ,U3*'S7jӰ0~0Kb‟kOTOp4i5gmMvliO2R!A؛3.{tUnV>$vUˇTV'o Mle|zĔ?Ϙ2߿JJ`jտğ >fIX n׎0Y ;Js΁,Wk߿d"8xaƼ+v-Zz;fX_:1,sC-,A3qV|ZD9L?A+y6UPUbYxWBЇnk#⤳v[F:025cl9C&><{H ]"#/}<\iaNӊz @([ﾻn45gnӬ w<;liR>z)<~!a۫P~aԌBp,B/x<gw߶;x{REsӗ:AOX9\V(\b#HgP'(82#Y^mJ!ƺѪ$JΩ\Hi=B;C ^T2S$~vYV>E7gj^ݳWiYuXgl@vOF{7cMHm:NVtIxEY_ҲXPރEW.9ZOt;UEϗ't]ؒ  YbPWHFPUdVc<ӌ9M DW?)C+93|t"!dp@5B{#0Ynx'0 iv><kλn]7wU$E˷N%=v0?ޞG]#V/q?dLUvrO!H%>F,%!ei88bfpr]l+jusAktrˢ8OxTސoc-C9Q 2vuܵAWu桾xp 粅Ll$'J5kQ€b_vOf[MXøRj=d9wY{|m7,vXFziCIށn:9m(?<$z]TDLz2\4Lqua~tPt[N$+b䎄[v:S#j׭T/˿n%C5è<n͉r!Hg*DyUS^`1St!H3N)?HNf<,";MTrf?E5M))V@K]rq>& j aPZ>77{w\K}R!9zRwQd.e:TtRd`kPH}Σ}VMFe<0-}S[yvQGrD?Qm41: |x[^C#Ԃ;I,v!ˉף֜TY14B&6 ٫ rG\_ُhM&K3ږBPPK~1}{FiH畔;{"i?8)hۜh3H Y̧jʔI#OG=[Aq313aS4J^ɱb )jcT6AW 7OЉdլ8OM|󢈽q0VjE&iOI#7dcqtqRIΙ=Wv5դ=H)L͆X #C/i`QV#~cS?oNRZ+Hݱݷ)mnBba:o-<0uՍYSϗ:'6W{jQYE;uGZRMoMxg?u 2'7Vv??{7È Z\Cwro!ڏp{ ^)uÝ,IQ@D Z^q (b.+uWA: [!~ϝ,Ίk.prAqʽ!9I^fIŮi {]ݍsNGDNjU qك/6k$Hm{bChf=&&T!;Q>ÂgOlZ^'TD[w+cO¬sX8\ Zp2f֯Yr*ӱ٥c7 Riw9S"ޙ޾DJ$a^+ GM/w [ctsˌ@H_ mqTtrƾ95'MW<%?zIUy^< ! 3ESΊ\3r9]=~ lR^Mܾ'ՈR%F7v#Eҥ9C6p9.W)OWHlE8\`O29l:f+u-PeD_!ü' 7yå淡/.W^td1#H l8]0JDiykiDw9қtft?B߷~GƱ0Os+e^YcEC O6ۻ<EIMhp_-y(W/7 x5!)TT"m יU` !1)WB1TlKʍCD!pZo19j: -3C .S p%bhA@7t~:; C|v@[ƚ8E6K.rBƒuΈaH 4Jkl|䛋EaGh5~L:6W^A0x:1FCSkR_t7uQH۔>8\ۚ@Nyt_gFzI@x7 q=mOj7Tv B!-E~0p`ψмM+0>WQfsWdN&JqIo9c/̓1$/~=Fy oo8#ߠ̬}axzJ|MfPlLIYfxU> Tϵ7䉈8j QK:QN1nu^Ñ@z-.//gk/ c_d>O%ta+nrg'3yAD):
    Enjoying the preview?
    Page 1 of 1