Saginaw in Vintage Postcards

By Roberta Morey

Because of its excellent river system, Saginaw developed from an Indian village into a bustling lumber town. In its early days, investors came from eastern cities and became wealthy lumber barons. They built beautiful mansions, hotels, and public buildings while they also supported civic projects. Before consolidating, there were two cities: East Saginaw and Saginaw City, separated by the Saginaw River. Many German societies, schools, and churches were organized in the area, due to the large number of residents with a German heritage. The early residents survived fires, floods, and the end of the lumber boom. Other industries developed and the city continued to grow. The rare postcards that appear in this book depict many historical buildings, the two separate cities, the German influence, and the philanthropy of the lumber barons. Join author Roberta Morey on a journey through Saginaw's rich industrial and cultural history.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Arcadia Publishing
• Release date: Aug 11, 2004
• ISBN: 9781439631416

Roberta Morey

Roberta Morey was born in Saginaw, attended Saginaw schools, and is a graduate of Michigan State University. She has been married for 46 years, and has three grown children and four grandchildren. She is now retired after teaching in Bay City and Saginaw elementary schools for 30 years.

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INTRODUCTION

There are at least two theories concerning the origin of the name Saginaw. One is that the Ottawa Indian term sag means to flow out, or go out, referring to a river that flowed into another river or lake. At Green Point, where the Woodland Indians built their villages, the Tittabawassee River flows into the Saginaw River and forms a low flood plain.

The more accepted theory is that Saginaw, or the Algonquin term Saug-e-nah, means place of the Sauk. During the 1600s, the Ottawa Indians were the first tribe to build a large village at the mouth of the Saginaw River. When the Sauk Indians came to the area, the hunting and fishing grounds made the land a much sought-after location. Later the Chippewa, or Ojibwa, Indians, who often fought with other tribes, gradually moved from Canada into the area. According to legend, a fierce and bloody battle between the Chippewa and the Sauks occurred on a nearby island. Afterwards the island was known as Skull Island because of the many Sauks who were slain there.

Archeologists, on the other hand, have found no evidence that the Sauk Indians ever inhabited this area. It is believed that they lived nearer to Lake Michigan on the western side of the state, and the skulls on Skull Island were the result of a smallpox epidemic.

Whichever theory one accepts, know that the name Saginaw was so important to Jarvis J. Green that in 1882 he named a city in Texas after his home town.

With the arrival of the white man, the fur trade began to flourish. The Ottawa Indians traded beaver and mink furs for cooking pots, iron knives, axes, guns, and traps.

After the fur traders, the next visitor to the area was the Frenchman, Alexis de Tocqueville. In 1831 he traveled on horseback from Detroit to Saginaw to study the Indians of the area. He later wrote about his travels in his Democracy in America. In it he wrote, In a few years these impenetrable forests will have fallen; the sons of civilization and industry will break the silence of the Saginaw. . . .

Louis Campau, a French-Canadian fur trader, was the first permanent white settler in Saginaw. His first log house became a center for traders and trappers. His trading post was built on the river bank at the foot of present day Throop Street. It was the task of Louis Campau to build a council house and make the necessary arrangements for Governor Lewis Cass and his staff to negotiate the Treaty of Saginaw with the Chippewa.

The Treaty of 1819 ceded six million acres of land and part of Lake Huron for $3,000 plus $1,000 to be paid annually forever to the Indians. The treaty gave the Indians several reservations and the government the authority to sell most of the land to speculators—which it did.

The signing of the treaty brought changes to the area. One was the establishment of a fort to maintain the peace and to serve as a payment headquarters for the Indians’ allotment. Fort Saginaw was built in 1822 on the west bank of the river and was later abandoned after many of the men became sick with malaria because of the hordes of mosquitoes that hatched in the bayous.

With the arrival of more settlers and ambitious entrepreneurs, many from New York, the Saginaw area developed into two cities, one on either side of the Saginaw River. Many men came to Saginaw and saw the potential for a valuable lumbering industry.

Norman Little, a New York native, came to the area and purchased land west of the Saginaw River. His investments helped open a church, bank, hotel, school, and newspaper. He left in 1841 and later returned after encouraging James and Jesse Hoyt, New York businessmen, to invest in East Saginaw.

With a flourishing lumber industry, sawmills lined the Saginaw River and the waters were filled with the logs of white pine and hemlock trees. The green gold of the forests yielded 161 billion board feet of timber worth over $2 billion—greater than all of the gold mined in California during the same time—making Saginaw the lumber capital of the world. The lumber barons grew wealthy and they built beautiful mansions, many of which have unfortunately been torn down. The lumber era was a raucous time in Saginaw, with shanty boys arriving at the Potter Street Station ready to spend their money at the local brothels, bars, and at Little Jake’s clothing store. Many shanty boys lost all of the money it took an entire winter to earn in the northern forests.

The shanty boys were not alone in their fabled barroom antics. One lumber baron, Curtis Emerson, was one of the most colorful characters of the day. When he was not invited to the opening of the Bancroft House, he crashed the party and destroyed the banquet table (the next day he paid for the damages). His home, The Halls of Montezuma, was a meeting place for the other hard-drinking barons. Emerson drank more, cursed more, and did more to give Saginaw an unequaled reputation in a developing nation.

In spite of the fact that civic improvements were occurring in the Saginaws, an east-west rivalry developed that hindered much progress. There were many efforts to consolidate the two cities, and finally in 1889 the cities were combined. There were some conditions of consolidation. One was that the County Courthouse remain on the site it occupied on the west side and the City Hall be built in East Saginaw. Saginaw had bridges at Mackinaw, Bristol, Genesee, and Johnson before 1887. Another consolidation condition prompted construction of three more spans at Court, Sixth, and Center. By 1906, there were seven locations to accommodate traffic flowing back and forth across the river.

Saginaw had its setbacks, too. In 1883 a fire destroyed a large portion of the city. Major floods in the early 1900s caused problems for merchants and farmers, and the waning lumber industry took its toll on the economy.

Unlike other boomtowns, Saginaw found other ways to prosper. There was the salt industry which used sawdust to supply the fuel to process salt brine. Coal was discovered and coal mining became the area’s main industry for a time. Next came the growing of sugar beets on the cut-over land left by the lumberjacks.

When the salt and coal industries were no longer profitable, a group of merchants joined together with the purpose of encouraging industry to come to Saginaw. The group consisted of such notable Saginaw names as Wickes, Huss, Jackson, Melze, Hanchett, Heavenrich, Eddy, Prall, Smart, Tanner, and Morley.