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    Caught in the Middle: America's Heartland in the Age of Globalism
    Caught in the Middle: America's Heartland in the Age of Globalism
    Caught in the Middle: America's Heartland in the Age of Globalism
    Ebook388 pages7 hours

    Caught in the Middle: America's Heartland in the Age of Globalism

    By Richard C. Longworth

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    About this ebook

    The Midwest has always been the heart of America-both its economic bellwether and the repository of its national identity. Now, in a new, globalized age, the Midwest is challenged as never before. With an influx of immigrant workers and an outpouring of manufacturing jobs, the region that defines the American self-the Lake Wobegon image of solid, hardworking farmers and factory hands-is changing at breakneck speed. As factory farms and global forces displace old ways of life, the United States is being transformed literally from the inside out.
    In Caught in the Middle, longtime Chicago Tribune reporter Richard C. Longworth explores the new reality of life in today's heartland and reveals what these changes mean for the region-and the country. Ranging from the manufacturing collapse that has crippled the Midwest to the biofuels revolution that may save it, and from the school districts struggling with new migrants to the Iowa meatpacking town that can't survive without them, Longworth addresses what's right and what's wrong in the region, and offers a prescription for how it must change-politically as well as economically-if it is to survive and prosper.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherBloomsbury USA
    Release dateAug 9, 2010
    ISBN9781596918474
    Caught in the Middle: America's Heartland in the Age of Globalism
    Author

    Richard C. Longworth

    Now a fellow at the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, Richard C. Longworth was an award-winning foreign correspondent and senior writer at the Chicago Tribune. His previous book, Global Squeeze, was lauded by Foreign Affairs as "an engrossing study of how advanced societies grapple with the disruptive forces of global markets." Twice a Pulitzer Prize finalist, Longworth lives in Chicago.

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    Reviews for Caught in the Middle

    4/5

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    • 4/5
      I first read this book 10 years and have gone back to it several times since. As I’ve travelled throughout the small towns of the Midwest the last 7 years I’ve seen along worth’s observations and analysis bear out again and again. If you want to understand what is happening between the coasts this is a great start.
    • 3/5
      Longworth's observations are, as far as this carpet-bagging son of the Midwest now living in the South can tell, accurate and well-described. But except for more documentation of the misery in the Rust Belt, I don't see Longworth adding much value to the discussion. Aside from advocating some form of regional decision making (and ignoring the question of how that can be done within the confines of the U.S. Constitution), his message seems to be merely that the standard of living must, inevitably, decline in the Midwest during the age of globalization. Well, gee, thanks. Only in the post-2008 economic meltdown epilogue does the book seem to offer any kind of forward view, and that is too truncated to rescue the book as a whole. Longworth sees the Midwest caught in the middle, but he offers no suggestion as to how it may get out.
    • 4/5
      Caught in the Middle is a detailed and often painful dissection of how globalization has destroyed much of the Midwest's traditional economy and culture. As a resident of the Milwaukee area, I found Longworth's observations astute and accurate. Unfortunately, as a resident I also see that the ideas he proposes to save the region are extremely unlikely to be put into practice, at least before it's too late.Longworth argues that the traditional, prosperous farming and manufacturing economy of the Midwest worked for a century (about 1850-1950) before it began breaking down. Free trade and globalization are just the final nails in its coffin. While Chicago has adapted to the new conditions and become a success story, he says, most of the Midwest is trapped in the past, trying desperately to revive what was instead of to accommodate what is and will be.I simply can't see his recommendations being widely implemented. Some—particularly those to do with immigration—are political third rails. Most of the others require interstate cooperation that I do not foresee happening in a region where counties and even towns fight over the economic scraps, and where state governments systematically starve and hobble their large metropolitan areas.I'm afraid that this book is more likely to serve as a post-mortem report than as a call to arms.
    • 4/5
      Richard C. Longworth in Caught in the Middle examines the decline of the Midwest and what the region can do to counteract the effects of globalism. Beginning in the 19th century, the Midwest served as the country’s industrial heartland. Since the 1970’s, however, many of the factories in this region have either reduced their workforce or have closed down entirely and moved their production lines overseas. These closings have devastated the region, causing many towns to lose their only major employer. Some of these towns, Longworth says, won’t survive much longer except as bedroom communities for those people willing to commute long distances. Only a few cities and towns have managed to thrive. Kalamazoo, for example, has seen new growth since the city, thanks to private donations, has financed a college education for its local high school graduates. Warsaw, Indiana, has survived by becoming the home for orthopedic manufacturers, something Longworth refers to as “clustering.” These success stories are exceptions. In some cases, a city or town looking to replace its industrial base attracts a meatpacking plant, which, instead of hiring the local population for a living wage, brings in immigrants from Mexico who are willing to work long hours for very little money. This influx of immigrants creates a whole series of financial problems for communities forced to provide essential services. Longworth believes that certain changes will allow the states that make up this region to survive. He foresees a great deal of potential in biotech, particularly the production of ethanol, and biosciences, both of which involve “turning plants and animals into products that go far beyond food.” “Already,” he says, “about one quarter of the Midwest’s corn crop goes for ethanol production.” More than likely, at least half of the corn crop will be turned into ethanol, he adds. Longworth also believes that the biosciences, which has lead to major centers of research in cities like Chicago, Ann Arbor, and St. Louis, will continue to grow and will lead to new lines of production by major corporations like Cargill, Monsanto, and Eli Lilly. For the region to renew itself, Longworth believes that the region needs an educated workforce. The research and manufacturing he foresees will require advanced degrees and if the young people in this region don’t pursue a higher education, the workforce will be imported into the region. Longworth also foresees major growth in the region’s cities if they can attract what Longworth refers to as the “creative class,” the highly educated people who can create the new ideas needed by the region. These cities will need to lose their provincialism and embrace diversity and open-mindedness, things that the region has not previously promoted. This shift to an educated workforce will create large pockets of poverty in the region, causing those who formally held minimum wage jobs to flounder. Ultimately, Longworth advocates more cooperation among the states, including the elimination of individual states in favor of smaller regions that cross existing state lines. Longworth also exhibits a strong bias toward the Big Ten schools, believing that those institutions hold more hope for the region. He also advocates the elimination of duplicate college programs, believing that specialization is the only hope for the major educational institutions. Longworth’s examination of this region would have been more complete if he had considered the ecological problems that the region will face. Increasing the amount of corn harvested to fuel the demand for ethanol will be accompanied with a greater reliance on pesticides. What consequences will occur when the soil will no longer sustain the yields that corporations like Cargill require? What will happen when the water becomes more heavily polluted? Longworth’s attitude toward water as something to be sold is revealed when he says that “water is the resource of the future, and the Great Lakes states need to be ready to exploit it.” This attitude will only result in another period of bust and one of more serious consequences when the land will not sustain the population and when the water has been polluted beyond hope or sold to cities like Los Angeles and Phoenix.Ultimately, Longworth’s book is an important one because of its relatively thorough examination of one particular region. The Great Plains states need a similar study because they offer less hope and will experience more widespread devastation in the coming years.
    • 4/5
      An excellent book. Longworth takes a long hard look at the problems that plague the midwest. He ties the decline of the region to globalism, documents the facets of that decline, explores areas that could lead to the region's recovery in the globalized future, and looks at roadblocks the region faces with regard to success in a global economy.It seems well researched (although I'll leave that judgement to the experts) and is certainly well written. It's an engaging book about an intriguing problem.
    • 4/5
      I read this mainly because I recently moved to the Midwest, but it turns out that the author thinks that the Great Plains are separate from the Midwest rather than a subset thereof, so the book technically didn't apply to me. But plenty of it was nevertheless applicable. He's certainly firm about the Midwest bringing most of their problems down upon themselves -- that the problems of globalization (which he never quite defines) are an inevitable result of the Rust Belt downturn of the early 80s, so they should have been better prepared and known that tax breaks solve nothing. There's also quite a bit on how the fetishizing of the 'good old days' interferes with innovation and progress.Discussion of unions was unusually well-balanced. They're neither purely hero nor villain here. He's relatively sympathetic (if unyielding) to the people losing a rather indulgent way of life, but does skip any examination of whether the next generation would want that particular American Dream anyway. The entitlement culture in the one-family/one-factory towns was interesting and sad and oddly similar to celebrity culture.There isn't much comparison to the rest of the country. The coasts are sort of ignored, especially when he brags about how all change starts in the Midwest. His description of Cascadia is disorienting if you're actually from there. And he flat-out insults the south (although not as much as he does poor Indiana). The book does seem to have been written in a hurry, or at least not well edited. China is not a third world country. He goes from calling the bucolic Midwest imaginary in one chapter to real and typical in the next. Rural use of the internet is underestimated. A little more recap of what NAFTA is/does wouldn't have hurt. The discussions on immigration (and race in general) made me uneasy, but it's not like anyone else has come up with useful ideas. His ethanol predictions were solid and the ideas for education probably the most interesting and innovative part of the book.
    • 5/5
      In the 1930's & '40's when I was growing up in Cleveland Ohio, our teachers showed us what an important city Cleveland was. The steel factories, the railroads & our port on Lake Erie played an important part in winning WW2. Our part of the midwest, the corridor from Detroit through Toledo, Cleveland & Buffalo shipped trucks, automobiles, tires, glass & steel all over the world. Later the St. Lawrence seaway would be built so that even more of our bounty would reach every part of the world.What we didn't realize at the time was that ports worked 2 ways. Products were shipped out, but cheaper products were also shipped in. European steel was cheaper. Japan began to make small, speedy cars that used less fuel. The midwest was the first part of our nation to feel the pinch of what would later be called "Globalization."First it was the cities that began the slow but steady decay. Tires made in Akron lost to Michilin. Steel mad in Cleveland, Youngstown & Pittsburgh lost to cheaper (& many claimed better made) in Europe, Detroit ridiculed the German VW"Bug" but failed to produce a series of cheaper, smaller, more fuel efficient cars. In the US, bigger is better, was their motto, overlooking the fact that only a certain amount of oil remained in the ground.When NAFTA passed, the smaller cities & towns of the mid-west began to hurt. Farms, once the life-blood of small-town America had grown larger & larger as bigger & more expensive machinery was needed to harvest crops at a price that was competetive with the world market. This meant that many small farmers moved to cities, taking their business with them. Stores along Main Street began to close. Thenew "Big Box" stores outside of town along the highway "strips" took even more with their inventory of cheap, third-world made inventories. Then the small factories that had supplied the larger manufacturers began to move, first from the Midwest to the Southern states, then, after NAFTA, to Mexico & Central America.The author suggests co-operation between states that share common resources & common problems will help keep needed jobs. But the world, he explains, is now focused on knowledge & new technology. Universities, not factories are needed to provide diversity in a new economy. Unfortunately, the states of the midwest have been rivals, rather co-workers. New England & the south are better equipped to work together as they share a common heritage. Even the universities of the mid-west have rarely worked together. He cites Ohio State & Michigan as an example, but suggests we need to go beyond football.This is an honest, thourough, up-to-date report from a region in which I have spent my entire life. What Mr. Longworth says is right on & he says it in an interesting way. Anyone who wonders how the midwest seems to be going so down so fast will find this book a valuable reference.
    • 5/5
      I found the book to be both painfully realistic and quite perspicacious concerning the current economic problems of the Midwest, the resultant social structure, and the political system that is incapable of effectively addressing either issue. Seldom do I find a non-fiction book that is difficult to put down, but this was one. It is somewhat journalistic and the author is not always right, but he is so much more courageous and insightful than most authors on the topic! Read it and learn!
    • 4/5
      Caught in the Middle looks at the current economic and cultural struggles in the American Midwest in a way that only a native can, yet remaining objective and at times brutally honest about the present and future of the region.Longworth both tells a story and reveals some hard truths about globalization's effect on the present and future of the Midwest Region. A people traditionally choosing to live in relative isolation in neighborhoods filled with people who look and act the same now must come to terms with the fact that the survival of their towns depends on immigrants. Longworth identifies many of the problems facing the region. The best and brightest young people leave their towns for the cities, never to come back. A workforce based on monotonous labor is unable to compete with immigrants willing to work for less or with workforces in China and Mexico and finds it difficult to reeducate for the jobs of the 21st century. Corporate benefactors are a thing of the past, with many of the old families dying off, and new corporate leaders are not concerned with giving back to the community.Caught in the Middle is a sobering portrait of America's heartland that will help you think differently about what is needed to reinvigorate the Midwest.
    • 4/5
      I grew up in the Midwest- the Minnesota Twinb Cities, to be specific- and so I have both a theoretical and a personal interest in the topics addressed in this book. I think Longworth makes many good points; however, I also think he has some blind spots that affected his arguments, solid though they are in many ways.The most glaring incompatibility I see has to do with immigration and race. Why is it necessary for us to have badly-educated immigrants, essentially making a permanent new underclass, when we already have badly educated citizens who could in theory do the same work? Longworth is sanguine about the lack of prospects for immigrants (legal and not) and their children though he does encourage education for such; however, he also says, basically. "the poor are always with you" and in facts argues that importing more poor is necessary to our society's functionality. This may be true. However, when he also describes companies moving their plants out of the inner cities expicilty to get rid of black workers, then sending buses to Hispanic neighborhoods to get them instead... well, that starts sounding a lot like racism (which he does say), and to my mind challenges the necessity of ill-educated and badly-paid immigrants since it seems like we already have a surplus of such IF the companies that want them would be willing to hire them. Of course, American citizens would be less likely to put up with abusive working conditions- hence the "need" for immigrants. especially illegal ones. I do not consider this to be anything like a reasonable argument once it's stripped to its bare bones. Plus: blaming our citizen underclass for their own plight, while advocating importing workers to make it worse, strikes me as perverse."Globalization", as Longworth describes it, seems to be based on cheap oil. Oil for transportation; oil for fertilizers; oil for pesticides... but it's all oil, and if one removes cheap oil from the picture- somehow, the idea that it's good to get all our food from far away starts to look dubious. Maybe those outdated, small, braodly-based farms are not as impractical as all that, if we can't count on getting cheap grapes from Chile on a regular basis. personally, I am not at all sure that cheap oil is going to last all that much longer; it's sure getting more expensive in general- as it our food, in what I think is not a coincidence. I am wondering whether, globalization or not, it will continue to make sense 10, 20, 30 years hence to ship even trivial items around the world.While I have a few more quibbles with some of Longworth's premises, these are, I think, my main ones. It's an interesting book, and it's very well-researched; I just wish the author had made a few more connections, and applied a bit more forward thinking to hos premises; that would have made it a lot stronger.

    Book preview

    Caught in the Middle - Richard C. Longworth

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