From Baron To Battler

By Caroline Gaden

The story of Dr CUD Schrader and his wife and family who migrated from Schleswig-Holstein to Australia in 1853. Included is a transcription of the diary of his son Ludwig written in 1873-74 when he was developing the farm at Walcha in New South Wales.
There is extensive information about Dr Schrader's ancestors and also his thirteen children with family trees for several generations. There are also photographs, Wills,letters and newspaper articles which give an idea of the struggles the family faced in their new country.
The book also contains a brief history of some of the places where the family lived, the rural community of Walcha, the gold diggings at Glen Morrison and the coal town of Wallsend.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Caroline Gaden
• Release date: Feb 2, 2012
• ISBN: 9780987247414

Caroline Gaden

A scientist by training, I'm an author and historian by choice

Book preview

From Baron to Battler

the story of Dr Christian Ulrich Deltef Schrader (1819-1892)

and his family, including the 1873 diary of Ludwig Schrader

By

Caroline Gaden

Copyright 2012 Caroline Gaden

ISBN 978-0-9872474-1-4

Smashwords Edition

This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be resold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you are reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the many hours of research and writing by this author.

Discover a related title by Caroline Gaden at Smashwords.com:

The Schrader Letters (1871-1896)

< http://www.smashwords.com/books/view/109893>

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

The family in Schleswig-Holstein

The conflict in Schleswig-Holstein

Early days in Australia

Walcha

Holstein

Diary of Ludwig Schrader

Montana

Armidale Hospital

Glen Morrison

Walcha Church

Marriages in the Church

Diary July 1873

Hinz family

Diary August 1873

Bullock Teams

Diary September 1873

Diary October 1873

Diary November 1873

Diary December 1873

Wallsend

Diary January 1874

Diary February 1874

Diary March 1874

Diary April 1874

Ludwig Schrader

Wills of Dr and Mrs Schrader

August

Constanza

Caroline

Aphrasia

Maria

Louise

Edward

Margaret

Charles

Sydney

Douglas

Earlier generations for the Family Historians

Acknowledgements

INTRODUCTION

From Baron to Battler is the story of Dr Christian Ulrich Detlef Schrader and his family, who arrived in Australia in 1853. It gives an insight into the family and their home in Europe; it looks at their days in Port Macquarie; it follows the family to Walcha and discovers what misfortunes befell the family members after they left Walcha.

Centrepiece to this story is the diary of second son Ludwig, written from 1873 to 1874. Ludwig's eloquent writings recount the battle to develop the farm, to build a stone house at Holstein and cope with life in the bush. In this section of the book Ludwig's sometimes unusual spellings have been retained, for example he uses fowel for fowl, untill and the dates are written as Wednesday th 14. The original diary is now part of the collection at the Regional Archives and Heritage Centre, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.

Incorporated into the story are some local histories of the places where family members lived, Walcha and Wallsend as well as the gold diggings at Glen Morrison, home of Augustus and Margaret and the search for Montana, home of Constanza and Philipp.

Some research for the book was undertaken as part of a Graduate Diploma in Local and Applied History at the University of New England, Armidale, NSW, awarded to the author in 1996.

Also included is are family trees. Each person is automatically given an ID number when their name is added to the file. This appears after their name, eg Dr CUD Schrader is ID 317, his son Ludwig is ID 321, and so on. This is very useful when different family members have the same name; for example one of Augustus' sons is another Christian Ulrich Detlef Schrader (335), given the same name as his grandfather Dr Christian Ulrich Detlef Schrader (317). The author would like to keep the family tree as up-to-date and correct as possible, so if there are any incorrect or additional entries, please advise. For individual security reasons, more recent generations are not listed in this book

From Baron to Battler follows the fortunes of Dr Schrader and his children. To track the many grandchildren and great-grandchildren and what fate and destiny befell them is beyond the scope of this book. However information, if sent, could be incorporated into an additional or updated volume.

This book should be read in conjunction with The Schrader Letters also available from Smashwords at < http://www.smashwords.com/books/view/109893> . It contains almost a hundred letters written to each other by members of the family between 1871 and 1896. The letters were collected by Maria (Mollie), first of the Schrader children to be born in Australia, and originally put together by Christian Honeyman. If your branch of the family has any additional letters they can be incorporated in an updated version of The Schrader Letters. The author has recently found more letters to add to this compilation when time permists

From Baron to Battler was originally published in November 1996 (ISBN 0 646 28937 3) but is no longer 'in print'. This updated ebook continues to be for descendents of the Schrader family, many of whom have contributed information which I trust is correct. The author apologises to anyone who feels they have been misrepresented or where the information is found to be incorrect. Please advise so mistakes can be rectified.

*****

The Family in Schleswig Holstein

Dr.Christian Ulrich Detlef Schrader was an educated young man, the son of academic and aristocratic parents in the Duchy of Schleswig in the area that borders Denmark and Germany. He was born in Haderslev on 6 February 1819. His father, Ludwig Friedrich Gabriel Schrader was an Etatsraad, a titular councilor of state, an old honorary title used in Denmark in the nineteenth century which did not give nobility, nor was it hereditary, but it gave a very high honour and status. He was a lawyer from a long line of academics, he was in the Schleswig-Holstein Chancellery and the Mayor and city bailiff of Haderslev. Ludwig was also Chief Constable of Altona from 1844 to 1848 and became the senior civil servant in the Police Department, becoming Chief Constable of Schleswig in 1850.

Dr Schrader's mother was Baroness Sophie Adeline von Eggers and his great grandmother was Chief Lady in Waiting to the Queen of Denmark. His great grandfather was Political Chaplain to the King.

The von Eggers were aristocrats who can trace their ancestors back to 1286 and this is detailed in the family trees at the end of the book

Baroness Sophia Adelina von Eggers (1794-1850) became wife of Polizeimeister Ludwig FG Schrader and mother of CUD Schrader, our ancestor.

Dr Christian Ulrich Detlef Schrader studied at the University of Kiel as well as Paris, Copenhagen and Goetnigen Universities. He graduated in medicine and became assistant to Professor Baron von Langenbeck, the Professor of Clinical Surgery at Kiel University. Dr Schrader was a member of the Foreign Society of Physicians of Paris and had a private practice near Hamburg.

He was a fine looking man and whilst a student his arm was used as a model of strength by the sculptor Thorvolson. He was a noted amateur wrestler who walked to Rome to meet an Italian wrestler who failed to meet the challenge, so Dr Schrader walked all the way back to Berlin.

He married Caroline Christina Johanna Vollstedt at Neumuhlen on 5 May 1845. The family letters reveal that they met in a field of cowslips and it was love at first sight. With disarming candour she admitted to being not of the high-born class of the Schraders. She had lovely blue eyes and golden hair (although the photograph we think is her from the family album shows darker hair). She was a born letter writer, keeping in contact with her Australian family as they grew and spread. It must have been a great sadness that there was little contact with her beloved homeland. In a letter written on 14 October 1884 she recalls the birth thirty eight years before, of her firstborn child, Augustus. She writes How bright this world seemed to me, when I was over all; my beloved Mother was one with me, fondled us both; and Papa's joy was indescribable.

It can be seen that Dr Christian Ulrich Detlef Schrader had a very aristocratic family and was one of the upper class in Denmark. Why then did he leave the high born life of his Danish upbringing and migrate to Australia in 1853? To gain some understanding of this we must look at the conflict in Europe at this time.

*****

The conflict in Schleswig Holstein

Dr Schrader was a student at Kiel and Copenhagen Universities, seats of political conflict in the 1840s. Revolution was sweeping Europe at this time and the great proponents of middle-class nationalism were the professionals and intellectuals. The schools and universities became the most conscious champions of this nationalist movement.

The area between Germany and Denmark was ripe for revolution. From the twelfth century the Duchy of Schleswig was a hereditary fief of the Kings of Denmark. The neighbouring Duchy of Holstein was part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. From 1386 to 1460 the two were united, and both were ruled by Denmark from 1474. There were many strong ties between the two, landowners and gentry had become 'Germanised' and the urban middle class also spoke German but the 'peasant' population tended to continue to speak Danish.

The many rulers of Austria, Prussia, the principalities, dukedoms and free towns had all been linked into the Holy Roman Empire which was abolished by Napoleon in 1806. The various rulers all tried to copy King Louis of France, the Sun King, and they had lived a life of luxury at the expense of the the people. These rulers were not seriously interested in solving the pressing problems of the age. Thus the ground in Europe was fertile for revolution.

In 1815 the new Confederation of German States replaced the former amalgamations and changed the face of Germany. The new confederation had 39 states, with Prussia and Austria as the largest. It included non-German minorities like the Italians of South Tyrol, but excluded considerable German minorities such as those in Schleswig. The King of Denmark remained Duke of Holstein.

Under the French, the middle classes had experienced their first taste of freedom; social privilege had been abolished, and all citizens had become equal before the law. People resented it when the old social order was restored under the German Confederation. Liberalism and nationalism were emerging, especially in places such as Schleswig and Holstein with their German populations. Poor harvests and economic crises combined to fuel an increasing level of dissent, the upheavals originating in the cities with the newly emerged middle class.

There were disputes between Denmark and Germany over the two states of Schleswig and Holstein and hostilities developed into war from 1848 to 1850; Schleswig tended to remain loyal to Denmark, many in Holstein wanted to be part of Germany. A Prussian inspired revolt in Schleswig-Holstein, triggered by the death of the Danish King Christian VIII, ended with failure, the Duchies remaining with the Danes.

During these hostilities Dr Christian Schrader was appointed Assistant Surgeon First Class in the Schleswig-Holstein Corps de Chasseurs, becoming Staff Surgeon in 1850. At the end of fighting he was awarded the Iron Cross by the Prussian authorities, and a pension from the Army.

It appears that Dr Schrader was fighting for freedom from Denmark and his Father stayed loyal to the Danish Court. He probably thought of himself as a freedom fighter, his father thought he was a rebel. No doubt such a rift would be hard to heal, especially in such a high profile family, the wound was likely to have been too great.

Why did the family come to Australia rather than stay in Europe? Perhaps like several Forty-Eighters the need for distance; perhaps the death of his Mother in 1850 meant the ties were more easily severed; perhaps the need for a fresh start; perhaps the pioneering opportunities in a new land where gold had been discovered. We know from subsequent letters that he was always a 'restless spirit' wanting 'fresh scenes' even when he was well into his seventies and he still had schemes in his final months of life.

We may never know the real reason for their migration, but in 1853 the young doctor with his wife and four small children left Schleswig- Holstein for ever to start a new life on the other side of the world.

*****

Early days in Australia

The journey

Dr and Mrs Schrader and their four children, Augustus, Sophia, Ludwig and Constanza travelled to Australia on board the Alster , a vessel of 370 tons registered in Hamburg. The only passengers listed were Mr and Mrs Schrader, 2 boys and 2 girls. He was 34 years old, his wife Carolina Christina was 26 years old.

The main loading of the ship was merchandise. As the only listed passengers, their life on the ship would have been somewhat different from that of most migrants to Australia, not least of which would have been the lack of company, particularly female company, for Mrs Schrader. It may be that there were steerage passengers who they would meet on the deck, but not for meals. The Schraders would have been more likely to eat at the Captain's table.

The vessel left Hamburg on 14th March and was listed in Hobson's Bay, Victoria by 7 August. The family had landed in Sydney by 20th September 1853.

Port Macquarie

We have no record of the family's movements during their first years in Australia, and we do not know why they went to Port Macquarie. We know Dr Schrader applied for naturalisation, dated 1st February 1856, and he gave his place of residence as Port Macquarie. He was recommended for naturalisation by Edward D Day, Police Magistrate, and R J Johnston JP who stated they had known him for three years. ED Day was Police Magistrate in Port Macquarie from 1853 to 1857, later he moved to Muscle Brook (now Muswellbrook) and Maitland. He was the police officer who arrested the culprits of the Myall Creek massacre and the Jew Boy Davis bushrangers. The Days remained good friends with the Schraders throughout their lives, often visiting each other, and it was expected by the family that Ludwig Schrader would marry Phoebe (Missie) Day.

The naturalisation certificate was duly issued, Number 702 of 25th February 1856, and stated Dr Schrader was a native of the Duchy of Schleswig, was then 37 years of age and was residing at Port Macquarie.

Later that year the New South Wales Medical Board met in Sydney and issued the following notice:- New South Wales Medical Board Sydney, 1st April, 1856.

We the undersigned, the President and Members of the New South Wales Medical Board, appointed by His Excellency the Governor, under the Act 2nd Victoria, cap. 22, intituled "An Act to define the qualifications of Medical Witnesses at Coroners Inquest and Inquiries held before Justices of the Peace in the Colony of New South Wales, do hereby certify that the undermentioned persons have submitted to this Board the necessary testimonials of qualifications, viz.:- Sachse Fredk. Otto M.D., Berlin, Schrader Christian Ulrich Detlif, M.D.,Kiel, Chopin Charles Michal, M.D., Paris . And we do hereby declare that the several persons whose names are herein mentioned' are entitled to be deemed legally qualified Medical Practitioners, in terms of, and in accordance with the provisions of the aforesaid Act.

B. O'BRIEN, M.D. , R. GREENUP, M.D. , DONALD M McEWAN, M.D, J. MACFARLANE,M.D., HAYNES GIBBES ALLEYNE, M.D.

The New South Wales Government Gazette of 4th April 1856 published a notice dated 1st April, inserted by the NSW Medical Board, which stated that "We certify that the undermentioned persons have submitted to this Board the necessary testimonials of qualification - Schrader, C U D, M D Kiel." Was Dr Schrader allowed to practice medicine before his qualifications were approved. If not, how did he and the family survive financially for the three years between arrival and approval?

A newspaper obituary for Mrs Samuel Brazel of Walcha reported that The deceased lady who was a native of Bathurst, came to Walcha district 66 years ago with Dr Schrader and his family, and she was 74 years at the time of her death. Mrs Brazel was Mary Amelia Hoscroft, born on 13 Dec 1847 and married 16 Nov 1867 at Ohio, Walcha (NSW registation 1425/1867). She died in April 1921(NSW registation 5952/1921 where her mother's name was listed as Mary and her father just as Hoscroft). So Mary Amelia was just 8 years old in 1855 when she and the Schrader family supposedly went to Walcha. Where did they meet her, did the Schrader family originally visit Bathurst or was it in Port Macquarie? Why did they take her into the family?

On 23 January 1857 the NSW Government Gazette placed a notice dated 9th January 1857, stating that Dr Schrader had been appointed as Coroner for the District of Port Macquarie. He held the position until 1862. He was also Physician for the local hospital, as listed in the 1860 Medical Directory of NSW and Queensland.

Several more children were born to Dr and Mrs Schrader after the family's arrival in Australia: Maria (Mollie) 1854, Carolina (Keena) 1856, Alphrasia (Affie) 1858, twins Edward and Margaret (Mardi) 1861, Louise 1863, Charles 1864, Sydney 1866 and Douglas 1868, to make thirteen in all.

Descendency Chart

Generation 1

Christian Ulrich Detlef SCHRADER Doctor (1819-1892) sp-Caroline Christina Johanna VOLLSTEDT (1826-1895)

Generation 2

Augustus Carl Christian SCHRADER (1846-1896) sp-Margaret MARTIN (1846-1920)

Sophie SCHRADER (1848-1870)

Ludwig Justice Constance SCHRADER (1850-1877) He had two children 'out of wedlock' with Anna Margrethea Dorothea HINZ (1860)

Constanza Luise Justine SCHRADER (1852-1909) sp-Claus Philipp Petersen SCHRADER (1849-1931)

Maria Caroline SCHRADER (1854-1927) sp-William Napier Reeve WAUGH (1852-1945)

Carolina Christina SCHRADER (1856-1935) sp-Arthur James Elliott GODDARD (1855-)

Alphrasia Charlotte SCHRADER (1856-1888) sp-Charles CHATFIELD (1855-)

Christina Margaret SCHRADER (1860-1888)

Christian Edward SCHRADER (1860-1913)

Louise Justine Agnes SCHRADER (1862-1897) sp-John Neill Jamieson WAUGH (1859-1944)

Charles William SCHRADER (1864-1929) sp-Hetty Mary FORBES (1875-1951)

Sydney Henry SCHRADER (1866-1902) sp-Maude Ethel MAYO (1871-1957)

Willoughby Douglas SCHRADER (1868-1957) sp-Minnie Violet SAYERS (1876-)

Waugh connections

It was in Port Macquarie that the Schraders met the Waugh family, a meeting of significance as, a number of years later, two of Dr Schrader's daughters married two of Mr Waugh's sons.

Alexander Waugh and his family had arrived in Australia on board Woolner Castle on 28 October 1848. He was appointed superintendent of Mr Eales' Berry Estate on the Hunter. After a time he turned his attention to teaching and became teacher at the Church of England School, arriving in Port Macquarie in 1849.

He subsequently opened a private academy and set up his boarding school in Beach House, facing the harbour. The following advertisement was listed in the Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser of 15 November 1854.

Beach House Port Macquarie. MR. AND MRS. WAUGH beg to return their sincere thanks to those friends who have patronized their EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT for Young Gentlemen, and to announce to the public generally their desire to fill up the two or three vacancies for Boarders. Parents may rest assured that their children will here have a cheerful, comfortable home ; the small number to which the School is limited enabling Mr. and Mrs. Waugh to give it quite the character of a domestic circle. The education imparted comprises History, Geography, Grammar, Composition, and Arithmetic, with Writing, Astronomy, General Scientific Knowledge, Mental Arithmetic, and Book- keeping. TERMS FOR THE ABOVE : Under Twelve Years 30 guineas per annum. Above Twelve Years 35 guineas per annum. French, Italian, Music, Drawing, and Dancing, on the usual terms. Washing, five guineas per annum. A quarter's notice required previous to removal of a pupil. No extra charge for residence during vacations.-A quarter's payment in advance.

REFERENCES:-E. D. Day, Esq Police Magistrate, Port Macquarie ; Col. Gray, Pol. Magistrate, Moreton Bay ; A. E. Halloran, Esq., J.P., Commissioner Crown Lands, Wide Bay ; Horatio Tozer, Esq., Port Macquarie. The above gentlemen are amongst those who have entrusted their children to Mr. and Mrs. Waugh's charge.

It is more than likely that the Schrader children attended the Waugh's school; in his diary Ludwig refers to a former school mate from Port Macquarie days.

*****

From Coast to Country - Walcha

The Waugh and Schrader families turned their attention from the coast to the inland farming country of the New England, part of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. They looked to buy land in the Walcha district. This area was originally inhabited by Aboriginal people, according to Tindale the Dainggati were residents from Point Lookout south to the Macleay River headwaters and about Mount Royal Range inland to the Dividing Range and Walcha, (the Anaiwan people were in the Armidale area). Macpherson claimed the 'Himber'rong horde' occupied the South West area around Walcha and Ingleba, but Radcliffe-Brown considered this group to be the Amberu, a separate tribe of Aborigines.

They named the place Hol'kai in their language and it sounded like Wolka to European ears. It possibly means sun but that may be the meaning in a different aboriginal language. As there is controversy in the tribal names at the time of white settlement, so there is controversy as to the language, with Crowley suggesting that Djangadi was spoken in the area bounded by Tamworth, Kempsey and Armidale, whist Holmer suggested it was Thangatti .

The New England plateau was first discovered by Europeans in September 1818 when Surveyor-General John Oxley led an expedition to follow the Macquarie River to its source, then he turned east and made his way over a river he called the Castlereagh and on September 8th through an area of finest open country, or rather park, imaginable. We halted in a fine spacious valley watered by a fine Brook. This was the Apsley River and the camp-site of Oxley and his party is where the town of Walcha now stands

Surveyor Oxley then descended to the coast from Seaview Mountain into the Hastings River Valley. He found red cedar in the valley, with a site suitable for a port and he named it Port Macquarie. Soon after, a penal station was established there, but it was closed down in 1831, thus allowing the Port Macquarie area to be opened up for free settlers. However the valleys were heavily timbered and there was little land suitable for farming, so people's interest turned north, to more suitable agricultural land.

About this time the Australian Agricultural Company used their political influence to obtain an alternate land grant in the Liverpool Plains. This also forced north the many illegal squatters farming in the Peel Valley, and they moved into the New England region. These first European settlers were the pastoralists who had established sheep runs in 1832 when the first white settler Hamilton Collins Sempill arrived and set up the Wolka Run. Sempill travelled via Hanging Rock to the head of the Apsley Valley and through Niangala and Muluerindi. He possibly was given information about the area by another explorer of the time Sir Edward Parry. (Three years later there were about fifteen runs extending as far north as what is now Armidale and by 1843 there were seventy two sheep runs established by these squatters).Wolka was originally an out-station of the Sedgenhoe Run

In 1838 the Port Macquarie traders had begun to agitate for a road to the New England region. The Northern Tablelands farmers also wanted to improve the route for wool and cattle to market.

Major Archibald Innes had arrived in Sydney as guard captain of a convict transport in 1822. He served as commandant and police magistrate in Port Macquarie and acquired pastoral and commercial interests in the New England region. It was under his influence that the road to the Tablelands was started in 1840, by convicts, along The Major's line. In 1840 Major Innes brought wool down to the Port in a sledge. It was a very precipitous road!

The Sydney Herald of 10 June 1840 reported. We learn that the new road from Port Macquarie to New England is now open for horsemen and travelers can proceed from the town of (Port) Macquarie to the station of Mr R Mackenzie (Salisbury) on Beardie Plains with ease. A year later the same newspaper reported The new road from New England to Port Macquarie is in such a state of forwardness that several teams of wool belonging to Major Innes have already travelled the road. In 1843 twelve drays successfully negotiated the route. In 1844 Sempill sold Wolka to David William Jamieson who resided at Walcha and can be thought of as the founder of the