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    The Famous Missions of California
    The Famous Missions of California
    The Famous Missions of California
    Ebook84 pages1 hour

    The Famous Missions of California

    By W.H. Hudson

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    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArchive Classics
    Release dateNov 27, 2013
    The Famous Missions of California
    Author

    W.H. Hudson

    William Henry Hudson (1841–1922) was an author and naturalist. Hudson was born in Argentina, the son of English and American parents. There, he studied local plants and animals as a young man, publishing his findings in Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society, in a mixture of English and Spanish. Hudson’s familiarity with nature was readily evident in later novels such as A Crystal Age and Green Mansions. He later aided the founding of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

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      Book preview

      The Famous Missions of California - W.H. Hudson

      The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Famous Missions of California, by

      William Henry Hudson

      This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

      almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or

      re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

      with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

      Title: The Famous Missions of California

      Author: William Henry Hudson

      Release Date: March 28, 2009 [EBook #5211]

      Last Updated: January 25, 2013

      Language: English

      *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FAMOUS MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA ***

      Produced by David Schwan, and David Widger

      THE FAMOUS MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA

      by William Henry Hudson

      Lately Professor of English Literature at Stanford University,

      To

      Bonnie Burckhalter Fletcher

      With Affectionate Recollections of California Days

      London, England, 1901

      CONTENTS

      THE FAMOUS MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA.

      I.

      II.

      III.   

      IV.

      V.

      VI.

      VII.

      VIII.

      IX.

      X.

      XI.

      XII.

      FOOTNOTES

      Detailed Contents.

        I.    Of Junipero Serra, and the proposed settlement of Alta California.

        II.   How Father Junipero came to San Diego.

        III.  Of the founding of the Mission at San Diego.

        IV.   Of Portola's quest for the harbour of Monterey, and the founding

                  of the Mission of San Carlos.

        V.    How Father Junipero established the Missions of San Antonio de

                  Padua, San Gabriel, and San Louis Obispo.

        VI.   Of the tragedy at San Diego, and the founding of the Missions of

                  San Juan Capistrano, San Francisco, and Santa Clara.

        VII.  Of the establishment of the Mission of San Buenaventura, and of

                  the death and character of Father Junipero.

        VIII. How the Missions of Santa Barbara, La Purisima Concepcion, Santa

                  Cruz, Soledad, San Jose, San Juan Bautista, San Miguel, San

                  Fernando, San Luis Rey, and Santa lnez, were added to the list.

        IX.   Of the founding of the Missions of San Rafael and San Francisco

                  Solano.

        X.    Of the downfall of the Missions of California.

        XI.   Of the old Missions, and life in them.

        XII.  Of the Mission system in California, and its results.

      THE FAMOUS MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA.

      I.

      On the 1st of July, 1769—a day forever memorable in the annals of California—a small party of men, worn out by the fatigues and hardships of their long and perilous journey from San Fernandez de Villicatà, came in sight of the beautiful Bay of San Diego. They formed the last division of a tripartite expedition which had for its object the political and spiritual conquest of the great Northwest coast of the Pacific; and among their number were Gaspar de Portolà, the colonial governor and military commander of the enterprise; and Father Junipero Serra, with whose name and achievements the early history of California is indissolubly bound up.

      This expedition was the outcome of a determination on the part of Spain to occupy and settle the upper of its California provinces, or Alta California, as it was then called, and thus effectively prevent the more than possible encroachments of the Russians and the English. Fully alive to the necessity of immediate and decisive action, Carlos III. had sent Jose de Galvez out to New Spain, giving him at once large powers as visitador general of the provinces, and special instructions to establish military posts at San Diego and Monterey. Galvez was a man of remarkable zeal, energy, and organizing ability, and after the manner of his age and church he regarded his undertaking as equally important from the religious and from the political side. The twofold purpose of his expedition was, as he himself stated it, to establish the Catholic faith among a numerous heathen people, submerged in the obscure darkness of paganism, and to extend the dominion of the King, our Lord, and protect this peninsula from the ambitious views of foreign nations. From the first it was his intention that the Cross and the flag of Spain should be carried side by side in the task of dominating and colonizing the new country. Having, therefore, gathered his forces together at Santa Ana, near La Paz, he sent thence to Loreto, inviting Junipero Serra, the recently appointed President of the California Missions, to visit him in his camp. Loreto was a hundred leagues distant; but this was no obstacle to the religious enthusiast, whose lifelong dream it had been to bear the faith far and wide among the barbarian peoples of the Spanish world. He hastened to La Paz, and in the course of a long interview with Galvez not only promised his hearty co-operation, but also gave great help in the arrangement of the preliminary details of the expedition.

      In the opportunity thus offered him for the missionary labour in hitherto unbroken fields, Father Junipero saw a special manifestation both of the will and of the favour of God. He threw himself into the work with characteristic ardour and determination, and Galvez quickly realized that his own efforts were now to be ably seconded by a man who, by reason of his devotion, courage, and personal magnetism, might well seem to have been providentially designated for the task which had been put into his hands.

      Miguel Joseph Serra, now known only by his adopted name

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