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The History of England in Three Volumes, Vol.III.
From the Accession of George III. to the Twenty-Third Year of the Reign of Queen Victoria
The History of England in Three Volumes, Vol.III.
From the Accession of George III. to the Twenty-Third Year of the Reign of Queen Victoria
The History of England in Three Volumes, Vol.III.
From the Accession of George III. to the Twenty-Third Year of the Reign of Queen Victoria
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The History of England in Three Volumes, Vol.III. From the Accession of George III. to the Twenty-Third Year of the Reign of Queen Victoria

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The History of England in Three Volumes, Vol.III.
From the Accession of George III. to the Twenty-Third Year of the Reign of Queen Victoria

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    The History of England in Three Volumes, Vol.III. From the Accession of George III. to the Twenty-Third Year of the Reign of Queen Victoria - Edward Farr

    CONTINUATION

    OF

    THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND,

    BY E. H. NOLAN

    Volume III

    ENLARGE

    ENLARGE

    ENLARGE

    ENLARGE


    CONTENTS

    List of Illustrations

    CHAPTER I.

    ACCESSION OF GEORGE III.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT ETC.

    JUDGES MADE INDEPENDENT OF THE CROWN.

    CHANGES IN THE CABINET.

    THE OPERATIONS OF THE WAR.

    THE RESIGNATION OF MR. PITT.

    THE MARRIAGE OF THE KING.

    CORONATION OF THEIR MAJESTIES.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DISTURBANCES IN IRELAND.

    WAR WITH SPAIN.

    FRANCE AND SPAIN DECLARE WAR AGAINST PORTUGAL.

    DISSENSIONS IN THE CABINET.

    EVENTS IN GERMANY, ETC.

    NEGOCIATIONS FOR PEACE.

    THE MEETING OF PARLIAMENT AND THE CONCLUSION OF PEACE.

    THE RESIGNATION OF BUTE.

    THE CHARACTER AND IMPEACHMENT OF WILKES.

    CHANGES IN THE CABINET.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT, AND FURTHER PROCEEDINGS AGAINST WILKES.

    PROPOSITION TO TAX THE AMERICAN COLONIES.

    OPPOSITION OF THE AMERICANS.

    WAR WITH THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS.

    DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES.

    CHAPTER II.

    THE MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATES ON COLONIAL TAXATION.

    INSTABILITY OF THE CABINET.

    ATTEMPTS TO FORM A NEW ADMINISTRATION.

    OPPOSITION TO THE STAMP DUTIES IN AMERICA.

    EMBARRASSMENT OF MINISTERS AND MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    SENTIMENTS OF THE AMERICANS ON THE DECLARATORY ACT.

    THE DISSOLUTION OF THE ROCKINGHAM CABINET.

    DECLINE OF LORD CHATHAM'S POPULARITY.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    EAST INDIA QUESTION.

    AMERICAN TAXATION.

    CHANGES IN THE MINISTRY.

    PROCEEDINGS IN AMERICA.

    DOMESTIC TROUBLES AND COMMOTIONS.

    THE RETURN OF WILKES, ETC.

    RESIGNATION OF LORD CHATHAM.

    THE AFFAIRS OF WILKES.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATE ON WILKES.

    DEBATES ON AMERICA.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    DISCONTENTS IN ENGLAND AND IRELAND.

    CHAPTER III.

    THE AFFAIRS OF AMERICA.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DISSOLUTION OF THE GRAFTON CABINET.

    DEBATES ON THE MIDDLESEX ELECTION, ETC.

    THE QUESTION OF CONTROVERTED ELECTIONS, ETC.

    DEBATES ON AMERICA.

    RELEASE OF WILKES.

    AMERICAN AFFAIRS.

    RIOTS AT BOSTON.

    THE PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    REMONSTRANCE OF BECKFORD TO THE KING.

    PROSECUTION OF WOODFALL AND ALMON.

    DISPUTES RESPECTING FALKLAND ISLANDS.

    AFFAIRS OF AMERICA.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATE CONCERNING THE FALKLAND ISLANDS.

    PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS OF THE LAW OF LIBEL.

    QUARRELS BETWEEN THE LORDS AND COMMONS.

    CONVENTION WITH SPAIN.

    CHANGES IN THE MINISTRY.

    CHAPTER IV.

    RE-OPENING OF PARLIAMENT.

    PROCEEDINGS AGAINST SHOREHAM.

    RESOLUTIONS RESPECTING THE PUBLICATION OF DEBATES.

    COMMITTAL OF THE LORD MAYOR AND ALDERMAN OLIVER TO THE TOWER.

    CONTEST BETWEEN THE CITY AND LEGISLATURE.

    THE QUESTION OF THE MIDDLESEX ELECTION.

    THE QUESTION OF THE DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE SESSION CLOSED.

    RELEASE OF THE LORD MAYOR AND ALDERMAN OLIVER.

    EDUCATION OF THE PRINCE OF WALES.

    CITY PETITION TO THE KING.

    DISPUTES IN THE CITY.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATES ON SUBSCRIPTION TO THE THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES.

    ECCLESIASTICAL NULLUM TEMPUS BILL.

    THE CASE OF DR. NOWELL.

    TEST AND CORPORATION ACTS.

    THE ROYAL MARRIAGE ACT.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS.

    THE SESSION CLOSED.

    FATE OF THE QUEEN OF DENMARK.

    DEATH OF THE PRINCESS DOWAGER OF WALES.

    REVOLUTION IN SWEDEN.

    PARTITION OF POLAND.

    INVESTIGATION OF THE MIDDLESEX ELECTION.

    CHANGES IN THE MINISTRY.

    THE MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS.

    CHAPTER V.

    THE CARIBBS OF ST. VINCENTS.

    PETITION OF NAVAL OFFICERS.

    SUBSCRIPTION TO THE THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES.

    DEBATES ON EAST INDIA MEASURES.

    THE SESSION CLOSED.

    PROCEEDINGS IN THE CITY.

    CONTINENTAL POLITICS.

    IRISH AFFAIRS.

    DISPUTES WITH THE AMERICAN COLONIES.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    EARLY MEASURES IN THIS SESSION.

    THE BOSTONIAN PETITION.

    PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS AGAINST AMERICA.

    BILL FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF CANADA.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    PROCEEDINGS AT BOSTON.

    GENERAL ELECTION.

    MEETING OF THE NEW PARLIAMENT.

    CHAPTER VI.

    DEBATES ON AMERICA.

    PACIFIC MEASURE OF LORD NORTH.

    BURKE'S PLAN OF CONCILIATION.

    CLOSE OF THE SESSION.

    PETITION OF THE CITY OF LONDON.

    DEPARTURE OF FRANKLIN.

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICANS.

    EXPEDITION TO SEIZE STORES AT SALEM.

    AFFAIR AT LEXINGTON, ETC.

    MEETING OF THE ASSEMBLIES AND OF GENERAL CONGRESS.

    BATTLE OF BUNKER'S HILL.

    GENERAL WASHINGTON.

    EXPEDITIONS AGAINST TICONDEROGA AND CROWN POINT, ETC.

    EXPEDITION AGAINST CANADA.

    DISPOSITION AND REVOLT OF THE VIRGINIANS.

    CONDUCT OF CONGRESS TOWARDS NEW YORK, ETC.

    PROCEEDINGS IN ENGLAND.

    PROSECUTION AND TRIAL OF HORNE TOOKE, ETC.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CHANGES IN THE MINISTRY.

    THE MILITIA BILL.

    THE NAVY AND LAND ESTIMATES.

    PETITION OF NOVA SCOTIA.

    PETITION OF CONGRESS.

    MOTIONS OF THE DUKE OF GRAFTON.

    THE LAND TAX INCREASED.

    BURKE'S SECOND CONCILIATORY MOTION.

    LORD NORTH'S PROHIBITORY BILL.

    CHAPTER VII.

    AFFAIRS OF IRELAND.

    DEBATES ON AMERICA, ETC.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    SENTIMENTS OF FOREIGN POWERS, ETC.

    EVACUATION OF BOSTON BY THE BRITISH.

    MISSION OF INDIAN CHIEFS.

    AFFAIRS OF CANADA.

    UNSUCCESSFUL ATTACK ON SULLIVAN'S ISLAND.

    AFFAIRS IN VIRGINIA.

    DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE BY CONGRESS.

    EXPEDITION AGAINST NEW YORK.

    DEFEAT OF THE AMERICANS ON LONG ISLAND.

    CONFERENCE ON STATEN ISLAND.

    CAPTURE OF NEW YORK, ETC.

    CAPTURE OF FORT WASHINGTON.

    CAPTURE OF FORT LEE, AND RETREAT OF WASHINGTON.

    EXPEDITION AGAINST RHODE ISLAND.

    SUCCESSES OF GENERAL CARLETON.

    MEASURES OF CONGRESS.

    DEFECTION OF THE COLONISTS, ETC.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATES ON AMERICA.

    ATTEMPT TO FIRE HIS MAJESTY'S DOCKYARD AT PORTSMOUTH.

    CHAPTER VIII.

    LETTERS OF MARQUE GRANTED.

    BILL FOR DETAINING PERSONS IN PRISON CHARGED WITH HIGH-TREASON.

    MISCELLANEOUS DEBATES.

    SPIRITED ADDRESS OF THE SPEAKER TO THE KING.

    LORD CHATHAM'S MOTION FOR CONCESSIONS TO AMERICA.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    SUCCESSES OF WASHINGTON.

    BRITISH EXPEDITION UP THE HUDSON RIVER.

    AMERICAN EXPEDITION TO LONG ISLAND.

    CAPTURE OF GENERAL PRESCOT, ETC.

    BATTLE OF THE BRANDYWINE, ETC.

    CAPTURE OF PHILADELPHIA.

    OPENING OF THE DELAWARE.

    CLOSE OF HOWE'S CAMPAIGN.

    EXPEDITION AND CAPTURE OF BURGOYNE.

    CLINTON'S EXPEDITION UP THE HUDSON.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATES ON AMERICA.

    DUKE OF RICHMOND'S MOTION FOR INQUIRING INTO THE STATE OF THE NATION.

    FOX'S MOTION FOR INQUIRING INTO THE STATE OF THE NATION.

    ARMY AND NAVY ESTIMATES.

    INTELLIGENCE OF BURGOYNES DEFEAT

    ROYAL ASSENT TO SEVERAL BILLS.

    PARLIAMENT ADJOURNED.

    CHAPTER IX.

    DEMONSTRATION OF PUBLIC SPIRIT IN ENGLAND.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    COMMITTEE FOR TAKING THE STATE OF THE NATION INTO CONSIDERATION.

    BURKE'S MOTION RELATIVE TO THE EMPLOYMENT OF INDIANS.

    COMMITTEE OF EVIDENCE IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS, ETC.

    LORD NORTHS CONCILIATORY BILLS.

    INTIMATION OF THE FRENCH TREATY WITH AMERICA.

    INVESTIGATION OF THE STATE OF THE NAVY.

    MOTION FOR EXCLUDING CONTRACTORS FROM PARLIAMENT.

    REVISION OF THE TRADE OF IRELAND.

    BILL FOR THE RELIEF OF THE ROMAN CATHOLICS.

    MOTION OF CENSURE ON LORD GEORGE GERMAINE, ETC.

    LORD CHATHAM'S LAST APPEARANCE IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS.

    DEATH OF LORD CHATHAM, AND POSTHUMOUS HONOURS TO HIS MEMORY.

    THE DUKE OF RICHMOND'S MOTION RESUMED.

    THE SESSION CLOSED.

    PROCEEDINGS IN FRANCE.

    NAVAL OPERATIONS IN THE BRITISH CHANNEL.

    DISGRACEFUL INFRACTION OF THE CONVENTION OF SARATOGA.

    LAFAYETTE'S EXPEDITION TO CANADA.

    UNFORTUNATE ACTION UNDER LAFAYETTE.

    SIR HENRY CLINTON TAKES THE COMMAND OF THE BRITISH TROOPS.

    ARRIVAL OF THE COMMISSIONERS IN AMERICA WITH THE CONCILIATORY BILLS.

    EVACUATION OF PHILADELPHIA BY THE BRITISH, ETC.

    DISGRACE OF GENERAL LEE.

    UNSUCCESSFUL ATTACK BY THE AMERICANS AND FRENCH ON RHODE ISLAND.

    OPERATIONS OF THE BRITISH ARMY.

    ATTACK OF THE SAVAGES ON THE SETTLEMENT OF WYOMING, ETC.

    ARRIVAL OF THE FRENCH ENVOY AT PHILADELPHIA.

    MOVEMENTS OF THE BRITISH AND FRENCH FLEETS.

    CAPTURE OF DOMINICA BY THE FRENCH.

    CAPTURE OF ST. LUCIE BY THE BRITISH.

    RE-CAPTURE OF THE ISLANDS OF ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON.

    FRENCH PLANS REGARDING CANADA COUNTERACTED BY WASHINGTON.

    CAPTURE OF SAVANNAH BY THE BRITISH.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    AFFAIR RESPECTING ADMIRAL KEPPEL AND SIR HUGH PALLISER.

    CHAPTER X.

    TRIAL OF ADMIRAL KEPPEL AND VICE-ADMIRAL PALLISER.

    ATTACKS ON LORD SANDWICH.

    INVESTIGATION RESPECTING THE CONDUCT OF GENERAL AND LORD HOWE.

    RELIEF TO PROTESTANT DISSENTERS.

    DEBATES ON THE TRADE OF IRELAND.

    WAR WITH SPAIN.

    DEBATES ON THE MILITIA BILL.

    BILL FOR THE IMPRESSMENT OF SEAMEN.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    THE CAUSES OF THE RUPTURE WITH SPAIN.

    SPANISH ATTEMPT UPON GIBRALTAR.

    FRENCH AND ENGLISH FLEETS IN THE CHANNEL, ETC.

    AFFAIRS IN THE WEST INDIES.

    OPERATIONS IN GEORGIA.

    INEFFECTUAL ATTEMPT OF THE AMERICANS TO REDUCE SAVANNAH.

    BRITISH INCURSIONS INTO VIRGINIA.

    CAPTURE OF STONEY-POINT AND VERPLANKS.

    BRITISH EXPEDITION AGAINST CONNECTICUT.

    STONEY-POINT RE-CAPTURED, BUT DESERTED AT THE APPROACH OF THE BRITISH.

    BRITISH GARRISON SURPRISED AT PAULUS-HOOK.

    AMERICAN DISASTER AT PENOBSCOT.

    AMERICAN RETALIATION ON THE INDIANS, ETC.

    SPANISH INCURSIONS.

    ACTION BETWEEN PAUL JONES AND CAPTAIN PEARSON.

    CHANGES IN THE MINISTRY.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    LORD SHELBURNE ATTACKS MINISTERS IN THE CASE OF IRELAND.

    LORD OSSORY'S ATTACK ON MINISTERS RESPECTING IRELAND.

    LORD NORTH'S PROPOSITION FOR THE RELIEF OF IRELAND.

    DEBATES ON ECONOMICAL REFORM.

    CHAPTER XI.

    BURKE'S PLAN OF ECONOMICAL REFORM.

    REJECTION OF LORD SHELBURNE'S MOTION FOR A COMMISSION OF ACCOUNTS.

    MINISTERIAL BILL FOR COMMISSION OF ACCOUNTS.

    BILL FOR EXCLUDING CONTRACTORS FROM PARLIAMENT REJECTED.

    MOTIONS REGARDING PLACES AND PENSIONS.

    POLITICAL ALTERCATIONS.

    DEBATES ON THE INCREASE OF CROWN INFLUENCE.

    LORD NORTH'S PROPOSAL RESPECTING THE EAST INDIA COMPANY.

    GENERAL CONWAY'S PLAN OF RECONCILIATION WITH AMERICA.

    POPULAR RAGE AGAINST THE CATHOLICS; RIOTS IN LONDON, ETC.

    MEASURES ADOPTED BY PARLIAMENT, ARISING OUT OF THE LONDON RIOTS.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    TRIAL OF LORD GEORGE GORDON AND THE RIOTERS.

    ADMIRAL RODNEY'S SUCCESS AGAINST THE SPANIARDS.

    ARMED NEUTRALITY.

    RODNEY ENGAGES THE FRENCH FLEET.

    EXPEDITION AGAINST SOUTH CAROLINA.

    BATTLE OF CAMDEN, ETC.

    AFFAIRS AT NEW YORK.

    TREASON OF ARNOLD, AND FATE OF MAJOR ANDRE.

    MARITIME LOSSES SUSTAINED BY THE BRITISH.

    WAR WITH HOLLAND.

    GENERAL ELECTION.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CHAPTER XII.

    NOTICE OF THE RUPTURE WITH HOLLAND.

    BURKE RE-INTRODUCES THE SUBJECT OF ECONOMICAL REFORM, ETC.

    DEBATES ON THE SUPPLIES.

    MOTION ON THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE MILITARY IN THE LATE RIOTS.

    PETITION OF THE DELEGATES OF THE COUNTY ASSOCIATIONS.

    THE MARRIAGE ACT CORRECTED.

    MOTION OF FOX RESPECTING THE AMERICAN WAR.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    ATTACK ON JERSEY.

    THE GARRISON OF GIBRALTAR RELIEVED.

    REVOLT IN WASHINGTON'S CAMP.

    ARNOLD'S EXPEDITION TO VIRGINIA, ETC.

    LORD CORNWALLIS'S EXPEDITION TO VIRGINIA.

    SIEGE OF LORD CORNWALLIS IN YORK-TOWN.

    LOSS OF THE BRITISH DOMINION IN FLORIDA.

    ATTACK ON MINORCA.

    FRENCH AND SPANISH FLEETS IN THE ENGLISH CHANNEL.

    NAVAL ACTION WITH THE DUTCH.

    CAPTURE OF ST. EUSTATIUS.

    COMMODORE JOHNSTONE ATTACKED BY DE SUFFREIN, ETC.

    FURTHER OPERATIONS IN THE WEST INDIES.

    SENTIMENTS OF FOREIGN POWERS TOWARD ENGLAND.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CENSURES ON RODNEY AND VAUGHAN.

    DEBATE ON THE NAVY.

    MOTION OF SIR JAMES LOWTHER FOR PEACE, ETC.

    CHAPTER XIII.

    RECENT EVENTS ON THE THEATRE OF WAR.

    FOX'S MOTIONS FOR INQUIRY INTO THE NAVY.

    MOTIONS OF INQUIRY IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS.

    DEBATES ON LORD GEORGE GERMAINE'S ELEVATION TO THE PEERAGE.

    RENEWED ATTACKS ON LORD SANDWICH: RESIGNATION OF LORD NORTH.

    THE NEW MINISTRY.

    AFFAIRS OF IRELAND.

    BILL FOR EXCLUDING CONTRACTORS, ETC.

    RESOLUTIONS RESPECTING WILKES EXPUNGED FROM THE JOURNALS.

    DISFRANCHISEMENT OF CRICKLADE, ETC.

    DEBATES ON PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS.

    CHANGE IN THE MINISTRY.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    VICTORY OF RODNEY.

    AFFAIRS OF THE WAR IN AMERICA.

    STATE OF THE WAR IN THE WEST INDIES, ETC.

    MARITIME EVENTS.

    SIEGE AND RELIEF OF GIBRALTAR.

    PROSPECT OF GENERAL PACIFICATION.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    PRELIMINARIES OF PEACE.

    RE-ASSEMBLING OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE COALITION MINISTRY.

    RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMERCIAL INTERCOURSE WITH AMERICA, ETC.

    PITT'S PLAN FOR REFORMING THE TREASURY ETC.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS.

    PETITION OF THE QUAKERS AGAINST THE SLAVE TRADE.

    SETTLEMENT ON THE PRINCE OF WALES.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    EXECUTION OF TREATIES, ETC.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    FOX'S INDIA BILL.

    DISSOLUTION OF THE COALITION MINISTRY—PITT MADE PRIME MINISTER.

    EFFORTS OF THE OPPOSITION AGAINST THE NEW MINISTRY.

    CHAPTER XIV.

    THE TRIAL OF PARTIES, AND TRIUMPH OF PITT.

    A GENERAL ELECTION.

    MEETING OF THE NEW PARLIAMENT.

    ACTS TO PREVENT SMUGGLING, ETC.

    THE BUDGET OF 1784.

    PITT'S INDIA BILL.

    BILL FOR THE RESTORATION OF FORFEITED ESTATES IN SCOTLAND.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE STATE OF IRELAND.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE WESTMINSTER SCRUTINY.

    PITT'S REFORM BILL.

    PITT'S FINANCIAL MEASURES.

    THE AFFAIRS OF IRELAND.

    CONTINENTAL AFFAIRS.

    CHAPTER XV.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    BILL FOR THE FORTIFICATION OF THE DOCK-YARDS AT PORTSMOUTH AND PLYMOUTH.

    PITT'S FINANCIAL MEASURES.

    DEBATES ON INDIA, ETC.

    A RETROSPECTIVE VIEW OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.

    ATTEMPT ON THE KING'S LIFE.

    TREATIES WITH FRANCE AND SPAIN.

    AFFAIRS OF THE PRINCE OF WALES.

    CHAPTER XVI.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATE ON THE TREATY OF COMMERCE BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE.

    PITT'S PLAN OF FINANCIAL REFORM.

    MOTION FOR THE REPEAL OF THE CORPORATION AND TEST ACTS.

    AFFAIRS OF THE PRINCE OF WALES.

    MOTION FOR INQUIRY INTO THE ABUSES OF THE POST-OFFICE.

    IMPEACHMENT OF WARREN HASTINGS.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    CONTINENTAL AFFAIRS.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DISPUTES BETWEEN GOVERNMENT, AND THE EAST INDIA COMPANY.

    PITT'S FINANCIAL MEASURES.

    ADDITIONS MADE TO THE BILL FOR TRYING CONTROVERTED ELECTIONS.

    CLAIMS OF THE AMERICAN ROYALISTS, ETC.

    THE SLAVE-TRADE QUESTION.

    CHARGE AGAINST SIR ELIJAH IMPEY.

    IMPEACHMENT OF WARREN HASTINGS.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    CONTINENTAL ALLIANCES.

    DERANGEMENT OF HIS MAJESTY: DEBATES ON THE REGENCY.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CHAPTER XVII.

    ELECTION OF SPEAKER.

    THE QUESTION OF THE REGENCY RESUMED.

    RECOVERY OF HIS MAJESTY.

    ADOPTION OF A PLAN OF FORTIFYING THE WEST INDIAN ISLANDS.

    BILL FOR THE COMMEMORATION OF THE PEOPLE'S RIGHTS, ETC.

    SHOP-TAX REPEALED, ETC.

    MOTION RESPECTING THE CORPORATION AND TEST ACTS, ETC.

    SLAVE-TRADE QUESTION.

    ELECTION OF SPEAKER.

    PITTS FINANCIAL MEASURES.

    IMPEACHMENT OF WARREN HASTINGS.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    CONTINENTAL AFFAIRS.

    STATE OF PARTIES IN ENGLAND.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATES ON THE TEST AND CORPORATION ACTS.

    FLOOD'S MOTION FOR REFORM OF PARLIAMENT.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS.

    PITT'S FINANCIAL STATEMENT, ETC.

    THE SLAVE-TRADE QUESTION.

    DISPUTES WITH SPAIN.

    IMPEACHMENT OF WARREN HASTINGS.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED, AND DISSOLVED.

    SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES WITH SPAIN.

    CONTINENTAL AFFAIRS.

    PROGRESS OF REVOLUTIONARY PRINCIPLES IN ENGLAND.

    WAR IN INDIA.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CHAPTER XVIII.

    DEBATE ON THE WAR IN INDIA.

    DISPUTE WITH RUSSIA.

    BILL FOR THE REGULATION OF CANADA.

    SLAVE-TRADE ABOLITION BILL.

    CATHOLIC RELIEF BILL, ETC.

    BILL TO AMEND THE LAW ON LIBELS.

    FINANCIAL MEASURES.

    IMPEACHMENT OF WARREN HASTINGS.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    PROGRESS OF THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE.

    STATE OF PUBLIC OPINION IN ENGLAND, ETC.

    CHAPTER XIX.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATES ON THE RUSSIAN ARMAMENT.

    DEBATES ON THE AFFAIRS OF INDIA.

    PITT'S FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

    THE SLAVE-TRADE QUESTION.

    LONDON POLICE ACT.

    ACT TO RELIEVE THE SCOTCH EPISCOPALIANS, ETC.

    SHERIDAN'S MOTION RESPECTING THE ROYAL BURGHS OF SCOTLAND.

    DEBATES ON PARLIAMENTARY REFORM, ETC.

    TRIAL OF HASTINGS, ETC.

    BILL RESPECTING THE NEW FOREST AND TIMBER FOR THE NAVY.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    CHANGES IN THE MINISTRY.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS.

    PROGRESS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.

    AFFAIRS OF POLAND.

    STATE OF THE PUBLIC MIND IN ENGLAND.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE ALIEN BILL, ETC.

    EXECUTION OF THE FRENCH KING.

    CHAPTER XX.

    HOSTILE MESSAGE OF THE KING TO PARLIAMENT.

    DECLARATION OF WAR BY THE FRENCH, ETC.

    PITT'S FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

    THE TRAITOROUS CORRESPONDENCE BILL.

    PREPARATIONS FOR WAR.

    RELIEF GRANTED TO MERCANTILE MEN.

    RENEWAL OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S CHARTER.

    RELIEF OF THE ROMAN CATHOLICS OF SCOTLAND, ETC.

    TRIAL OF WARREN HASTINGS.

    DISCUSSION ON A MEMORIAL PRESENTED TO THE STATES-GENERAL.

    FOX'S MOTION FOR PEACE.

    MR. GREY'S MEASURE OF PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    AFFAIRS OF IRELAND.

    PROSPECTS OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, &c.

    CHAPTER XXI.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE MILITIA AUGMENTED, ETC.

    SUSPENSION OF THE HABEAS CORPUS ACT.

    AGITATION IN ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND.

    INTRODUCTION OF FOREIGN TROOPS.

    THE SLAVE-TRADE QUESTION.

    MOTION ON BEHALF OF LA FAYETTE.

    MOTION FOR INQUIRY INTO THE RECENT FAILURES OF OUR ARMIES.

    THE TRIAL OF WARREN HASTINGS.

    THE PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    MINISTERIAL APPOINTMENTS.

    EMBASSY TO CHINA, ETC.

    CORSICA ANNEXED TO THE CROWN OF ENGLAND.

    LORD HOWE'S NAVAL VICTORY, ETC.

    BRITISH CONQUESTS IN THE WEST INDIES.

    DISPUTES WITH AMERICA.

    MILITARY OPERATIONS ON THE CONTINENT.

    THE INTERNAL CONDITION OF FRANCE.

    CONVENTION WITH SWEDEN AND DENMARK.

    THE STATE OF POLAND.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CHAPTER XXII.

    BILL FOR THE SUSPENSION OF THE HABEAS CORPUS ACT (CONTINUED.)

    SUBSIDY TO AUSTRIA.

    SUPPLIES, ETC.

    PITT'S PLAN TO MAN THE NAVY, ETC.

    THE SLAVE-TRADE QUESTION.

    TERMINATION OF THE TRIAL OF WARREN HASTINGS.

    MOTION FOR INQUIRY INTO THE STATE OF THE NATION REJECTED.

    MARRIAGE OF THE PRINCE OF WALES.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    THE AFFAIRS OF IRELAND.

    NAVAL AFFAIRS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN, ETC.

    FRENCH OPERATIONS IN HOLLAND, ETC.

    TREATIES BETWEEN FRANCE AND PRUSSIA, ETC.

    TREATY BETWEEN ENGLAND AND RUSSIA, ETC.

    THE CAMPAIGN OF THE ALPS.

    AFFAIRS OF LA VENDEE.

    ARMIES ON THE RHINE.

    AFFAIRS AT PARIS.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    BILL TO PREVENT SEDITIOUS MEETINGS, ETC.

    CHAPTER XXIII.

    GREY'S MOTION FOR PEACE, ETC.

    PITT'S FINANCIAL MEASURES.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    NEGOCIATIONS FOR PEACE.

    MILITARY AFFAIRS ON THE CONTINENT.

    SURRENDER OF CORSICA AND THE ISLE OF ELBA.

    DUTCH ATTEMPT TO RETAKE THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

    FRENCH EXPEDITION TO IRELAND.

    DISPUTES BETWEEN FRANCE AND AMERICA.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    PITT'S FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

    MISSION OF LORD MALMESBURY TO PARIS.

    STOPPAGE OF CASH PAYMENTS AT THE BANK.

    MUTINY IN THE FLEETS.

    GREY'S MOTION FOR REFORM, ETC.

    FRENCH DESCENT ON WALES.

    BATTLE OFF CAPE ST. VINCENT.

    BATTLE OFF CAMPERDOWN.

    THE BLOCKADE OF CADIZ, ETC.

    WAR ON THE CONTINENT.

    INTERNAL HISTORY OF FRANCE.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CHAPTER XXIV.

    REDEMPTION OF THE LAND-TAX, ETC.

    IRISH REBELLION.

    INVASION OF BELGIUM.

    EXPEDITION TO MINORCA.

    BATTLE OF THE NILE, ETC.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    INCOME TAX SANCTIONED, ETC.

    TREATY WITH RUSSIA.

    UNION WITH IRELAND CONSIDERED

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    CAMPAIGN IN ITALY.

    CAMPAIGN IN EGYPT.

    ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSULAR GOVERNMENT IN FRANCE.

    AFFAIRS OF INDIA.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    PARLIAMENTARY DISCUSSIONS.

    UNION WITH IRELAND COMPLETED.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    CAMPAIGN IN ITALY.

    CAPTURE OF MALTA.

    NAVAL OPERATIONS.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    MOTIONS FOR PEACE, ETC.

    CHAPTER XXV.

    COMMENCEMENT OF THE UNION WITH IRELAND.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    RESIGNATION OF MR. PITT, ETC.

    THE NEW MINISTRY.

    MOTION FOR AN INQUIRY INTO THE STATE OF THE NATION.

    PARLIAMENTARY MEASURES.

    WAR WITH THE NORTHERN POWERS.

    DISSOLUTION OF THE NORTHERN CONFEDERACY.

    EXPEDITION TO EGYPT.

    AFFAIRS ON THE CONTINENT.

    NAVAL OPERATIONS.

    TREATY OF AMIENS.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    PARLIAMENTARY MEASURES.

    PREPARATIONS FOR HOSTILITY.

    MEETING OF THE NEW PARLIAMENT.

    TRIAL OF COLONEL DESPARD.

    PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS.

    ACT TO RELIEVE CATHOLICS, ETC.

    WAR PROCLAIMED WITH FRANCE.

    THE CAUSES FOR THE RENEWAL OF WAR WITH FRANCE.

    WAR WITH HOLLAND.

    MILITIA BILL, ETC.

    FINANCIAL MEASURES.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    INSURRECTION IN IRELAND.

    LETTER OF THE PRINCE OF WALES.

    MOVEMENTS OF THE FRENCH

    NAVAL CONQUESTS.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CHAPTER XXVI.

    HIS MAJESTY'S INDISPOSITION.

    CHANGE IN THE MINISTRY—PITT RESUMES OFFICE.

    THE SLAVE-TRADE QUESTION.

    ADDITIONAL FORCE ACT

    DEBATE ON THE CORN-LAWS.

    THE BUDGET—PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    AFFAIRS OF FRANCE: NAPOLEON CREATED EMPEROR.

    NAVAL AFFAIRS.

    COALITION BETWEEN PITT AND ADDINGTON.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    ARMY AND NAVY ESTIMATES, ETC.

    DEBATE ON THE RUPTURE WITH SPAIN.

    CLAIMS OF THE CATHOLICS.

    THE SLAVE-TRADE QUESTION.

    IMPEACHMENT OF LORD MELVILLE.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED.

    DISSENSIONS IN THE CABINET.

    NAPOLEON CROWNED KING OF ITALY

    CONQUESTS OF NAPOLEON IN BAVARIA.

    THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, ETC.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEATH OF MR. PITT.

    THE GRENVILLE ADMINISTRATION.

    NEGOCIATIONS FOR PEACE.

    WINDHAM'S MILITARY PLAN.

    THE BUDGET.

    TRIAL OF LORD MELVILLE.

    THE SLAVE-TRADE QUESTION.

    PARLIAMENT PROROGUED, ETC.

    DEATH OF FOX.

    NAVAL SUCCESSES.

    DISPUTES WITH AMERICA.

    AFFAIRS OF SICILY.

    WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND PRUSSIA, ETC.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CHAPTER XXVII.

    DEBATE ON THE NEGOCIATION WITH FRANCE.

    FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS.

    THE SLAVE-TRADE QUESTION.

    BILL FOR REMOVING THE DISABILITIES OF THE ROMAN CATHOLICS.

    DISMISSAL OF MINISTERS.

    NEW CABINET.

    TRIAL OF STRENGTH BETWEEN THE TWO PARTIES.

    DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE NEW PARLIAMENT.

    CAMPAIGN OF NAPOLEON.

    THE PEACE OF TILSIT.

    EXPEDITION TO COPENHAGEN.

    HOSTILITIES AGAINST TURKEY.

    EXPEDITION TO EGYPT.

    DISASTERS IN SOUTH AMERICA.

    WAR WITH RUSSIA.

    FRENCH INVASION OF PORTUGAL.

    MILAN DECREE, ETC.

    DISPUTES WITH AMERICA.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATES ON THE ORDERS IN COUNCIL.

    FINANCIAL MEASURES.

    DEBATE ON IRELAND.

    MOTION RESPECTING THE DROITS OF ADMIRALTY, ETC.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    RISING OF THE SPANISH NATION, ETC.

    AFFAIRS OF PORTUGAL. CONFEDERATION OF FRANCE AND RUSSIA.

    OPERATIONS IN SPAIN.

    NAVAL AFFAIRS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN.

    STATE OF THE CONTINENT.

    CHAPTER XXVIII.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE SUPPLIES, ETC.

    CHARGES AGAINST THE DUKE OF YORK.

    PARLIAMENTARY CORRUPTION.

    MOTION FOR REFORM.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    AFFAIRS OF SPAIN.

    FURTHER OPERATIONS IN SPAIN.

    CAMPAIGN OF NAPOLEON IN ITALY.

    BRITISH EXPEDITION AGAINST NAPLES AND WALCHEREN.

    DISSENSIONS IN THE CABINET.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATE ON THE WALCHEREN EXPEDITION.

    PROCEEDINGS AGAINST SIR FRANCIS BURDETT.

    THE SUPPLIES.

    THE SLAVE-TRADE QUESTION.

    PETITION OF THE IRISH CATHOLICS, ETC.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    CAMPAIGN IN PORTUGAL.

    AFFAIRS OF SPAIN.

    FOREIGN CONQUESTS, ETC.

    THE MARRIAGE OF NAPOLEON, ETC.

    ILLNESS OF HIS MAJESTY—OPENING OF PARLIAMENT, ETC.

    OPENING OF PARLIAMENT BY THE REGENT

    DEBATE ON THE RE-APPOINTMENT OF THE DUKE OF YORK TO THE WAR-OFFICE.

    THE SUPPLIES.

    THE BULLION COMMITTEE, ETC.

    SUBJECT OF MILITARY DISCIPLINE.

    LOUD SIDMOUTH'S MOTION RESPECTING DISSENTING PREACHERS.

    AFFAIRS OF THE IRISH CATHOLICS.

    AMENDMENT OF THE CRIMINAL LAW

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    DISPUTES WITH AMERICA.

    CAPTURE OF JAVA.

    AFFAIRS OF PORTUGAL.

    AFFAIRS OF SPAIN, CAPTURE OF BADAJOZ, ETC.

    NAVAL AFFAIRS

    AFFAIRS OF FRANCE.

    CHAPTER XXIX.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    AUGMENTATION OF THE CIVIL LIST.

    BILL FOR PROHIBITING THE GRANT OF OFFICES IN REVERSION, ETC.

    CHANGES IN THE MINISTRY, ETC.

    ATTACKS UPON MINISTERS.

    ASSASSINATION OF MR. PERCEVAL.

    ADMINISTRATION OF LORD LIVERPOOL.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    POPULATION RETURNS, ETC.

    BILL FOR PRESERVATION OF THE PEACE.

    BILL TO EXTEND THE PRIVILEGES OF DISSENTERS.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT, ETC.

    CAPTURE OF CIUDAD RODRIGO BY THE BRITISH.

    STORM AND CAPTURE OF BADAJOZ.

    OPERATIONS IN SPAIN.

    WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND RUSSIA.

    WAR WITH AMERICA.

    MEETING OF THE NEW PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATES ON THE WAR WITH AMERICA.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    RENEWAL OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S CHARTER.

    THE CATHOLIC QUESTION.

    CURATES' BILL, ETC.

    APPOINTMENT OF VICE-CHANCELLOR.

    DEBATES ON THE TREATY WITH SWEDEN.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    AFFAIRS OF SPAIN.

    AMERICAN CAMPAIGN.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    BILL FOR ALLOWING THE MILITIA TO VOLUNTEER INTO THE LINE, ETC.

    CHAPTER XXX.

    PARLIAMENTARY MEASURES.

    CAMPAIGN OF LORD WELLINGTON.

    THE ALLIES ENTER PARIS; NAPOLEON DETHRONED, ETC.

    TREATY OF PEACE.

    HONOURS CONFERRED ON WELLINGTON, ETC.

    VISIT OF THE ALLIED SOVEREIGNS.

    CONGRESS OF VIENNA.

    CAMPAIGN IN AMERICA, ETC.

    TREATY OF PEACE WITH AMERICA, ETC.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    RETURN OF NAPOLEON FROM. ELBA.

    TRIAL BY JURY, ETC.

    WAR RESOLVED ON; FINANCIAL MEASURES.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    CONGRESS OF VIENNA.

    AFFAIRS OF FRANCE.

    THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO.

    CAPTURE OF PARIS.—SURRENDER OF NAPOLEON, ETC.

    RETURN OF LOUIS XVIII. TO PARIS.

    BRITAIN GAINS POSSESSION OF THE ISLAND OF CEYLON.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATES ON THE TREATIES.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    ROYAL MARRIAGES.

    VARIOUS MOTIONS.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    RIOTS, ETC.

    EXPEDITION TO ALGIERS.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    MEASURES OF ECONOMY.

    RESTRICTIONS ON PUBLIC LIBERTY.

    COMMITTEE ON THE POOR-LAWS, ETC.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    RIOTS AT MANCHESTER, ETC.

    DEATH OF THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE.

    CHAPTER XXXI.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    MOTION FOR SECRET COMMITTEES PREPARATORY TO A BILL OF INDEMNITY.

    EXTENSION OF THE BANK RESTRICTION.

    TREATY WITH SPAIN.

    ROYAL MARRIAGES.

    THE SUPPLIES.

    THE ALIEN ACT, ETC.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    STATE OF THE MANUFACTURERS OF LANCASHIRE, ETC.

    DEATH OF QUEEN CHARLOTTE.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE DUKE OF YORK APPOINTED GUARDIAN TO HIS MAJESTY.

    COMMITTEE ON THE CRIMINAL CODE.

    MEASURES FOR RESUMPTION OF CASH-PAYMENTS.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

    CATHOLIC CLAIMS.

    FOREIGN ENLISTMENT ACT.

    SLAVE-TRADE, ETC.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    SEDITIOUS ASSEMBLAGES.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    MOTION FOR INQUIRY INTO THE STATE OF THE NATION.

    PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.

    CESSION OF PARGA TO THE TURKS.

    DEATH OF GEORGE III.

    CHAPTER XXXII.

    ACCESSION OF GEORGE IV.

    DECLARATION OF THE KING, ETC.

    DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT.

    CATO-STREET CONSPIRACY.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    BILLS FOR AMENDING THE CRIMINAL CODE.

    EDUCATION BILL.

    MOTION FOR A COMMITTEE ON THE CORN-LAWS.

    MOTION FOR A COMMITTEE RESPECTING FREE TRADE.

    THE CIVIL LIST, ETC.

    MESSAGE RESPECTING THE QUEEN

    TRIAL OF THE QUEEN.

    CHAPTER XXXIII.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATE ON THE HOLY ALLIANCE

    THE CATHOLIC QUESTION.

    MOTIONS FOR PARLIAMENTARY REFORM, ETC.

    REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURAL COMMITTEE.

    THE NAVIGATION LAWS.

    THE SUPPLIES, ETC.

    CORONATION OF GEORGE IV.

    DEATH OF QUEEN CAROLINE.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CHANGES IN THE CABINET.

    MOTION TO RESTORE ROMAN CATHOLIC PEERS TO THEIR SEATS IN PARLIAMENT.

    MOTION ON AGRICULTURAL DISTRESS, ETC.

    ACTS FOR THE REDUCTION OF EXPENDITURE.

    DEBATES ON THE CURRENCY.

    REDUCTION OF IMPOSTS, ETC.

    MOTION FOR PARLIAMENTARY REFORM

    CAUSE OF THE GREEKS—PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    CHANGE IN THE CABINET.

    CHAPTER XXXIV

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    AFFAIRS OF AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCE.

    THE SUPPLIES.

    THE CATHOLIC QUESTION.

    AFFAIRS IN IRELAND.

    MOTIONS TO REFORM THE CRIMINAL LAW.

    MOTION TO REFORM THE SCOTCH REPRESENTATION.

    NEW LONDON BRIDGE BILL.

    MOTION RESPECTING THE DUTY ON THE LEEWARD ISLANDS.

    EXPENSES OF THE CORONATION.

    MUNIFICENCE OF GEORGE IV.

    IRISH TITHE COMMUTATION BILL, ETC.—PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    STATE OF THE COUNTRY.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    ATTACK ON MINISTERS WITH REFERENCE TO SPAIN, ETC.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

    THE TRADE QUESTION

    ALIEN BILL, ETC.

    DISCUSSIONS ON THE REVOLT IN DEMARARA, ETC.

    STATE OF THE BRITISH COLONIES.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS.

    CHAPTER XXXV.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    BILL FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF UNLAWFUL ASSOCIATIONS IN IRELAND.

    CATHOLIC RELIEF BILL.

    COMMITTEE OF INQUIRY INTO THE STATE OF IRELAND.

    MR. HUME'S MOTION AGAINST THE IRISH CHURCH ESTABLISHMENT, ETC.

    STATE OF THE IRISH CHARTER SCHOOLS.

    DEBATES ON ALLEGED ABUSES IN CHANCERY.

    REGULATION OF THE SALARIES OF THE JUDGES.

    REJECTION OF THE UNITARIAN MARRIAGE ACT, ETC.

    ACT AGAINST COMBINATIONS AMONG WORKMEN.

    FREE-TRADE SYSTEM.

    SURRENDER, OF THE CHARTER OF THE LEVANT COMPANY.

    REPORT OF TREATIES.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    PROPOSALS FOR THE ABOLITION OF CERTAIN TAXES, ETC.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    GREAT COMMERCIAL PANIC.

    THE BURMESE WAR.

    REVIEW OF FOREIGN RELATIONS.

    CHAPTER XXXVI.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    MEASURES PROPOSED FOR RELIEVING COMMERCIAL DISTRESS.

    BILL TO ENABLE PRIVATE BANKS TO HAVE AN UNLIMITED NUMBER OF PARTNERS,

    APPOINTMENT OF A COMMITTEE ON EMIGRATION.

    MODIFICATION OF THE CORN-LAWS.

    DEBATES ON FREE TRADE.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    BILL TO PREVENT BRIBERY AT ELECTIONS.

    PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.

    ALTERATION OF THE CRIMINAL CODE.

    CASE OF MR. KENRICK.

    STATE OF THE COLONIES.

    MODE FOR AMENDING THE REPRESENTATION OF EDINBURGH, ETC.

    RESOLUTION FOR THE REGULATION OF PRIVATE COMMITTEES.

    MOTION TO HOLD PARLIAMENT OCCASIONALLY IN DUBLIN AND EDINBURGH.

    RESTORATION OF FORFEITED SCOTCH PEERAGES.

    MOTION TO DISJOIN THE PRESIDENCY OF THE BOARD OF TRADE FROM THE

    CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION, ETC.

    INDIA JURY BILL, ETC.

    NATURALIZATION ACT, ETC.

    PROROGATION AND DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT.

    GENERAL ELECTION.

    THE BURMESE WAR.

    MEETING OF THE NEW PARLIAMENT.

    MOTION FOR A SELECT COMMITTEE ON JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES, ETC.

    KING'S MESSAGE RESPECTING THE CONDUCT OF SPAIN TOWARDS PORTUGAL.

    RESOLUTIONS AGAINST BRIBERY AT ELECTIONS.

    CHAPTER XXXVII.

    DEATH OF THE DUKE OF YORK.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CATHOLIC QUESTION.

    THE CORN-LAWS.

    DISSOLUTION OF THE MINISTRY.

    REASSEMBLING OF PARLIAMENT.

    EXPLANATIONS OF MEMBERS, AND HOSTILITY TO THE MINISTRY.

    OPINIONS OF HIS MAJESTY ON THE CATHOLIC QUESTION.

    MOTION ON THE CHANCELLOR'S JURISDICTION IN BANKRUPTCY.

    MOTIONS REGARDING THE STAMP-DUTY AND CHEAP PUBLICATIONS.

    THE CORN-LAW QUESTION.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    CORRUPT BOROUGHS.

    THE GAME-LAWS.

    IMPROVEMENT OF THE CRIMINAL CODE.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEATH OF MR. CANNING.

    ADMINISTRATION OF LORD GODERICH.

    REVIEW OF FOREIGN POLICY.

    CHAPTER XXXVIII.

    DUKE OF WELLINGTON'S ADMINISTRATION.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DISCUSSIONS AND EXPLANATIONS CONCERNING THE DISSOLUTION OF THE GODERICH

    QUESTIONS OF FINANCE.

    MOTION FOR A GRANT TO THE FAMILY OF MR. CANNING.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    REPEAL OF THE TEST AND CORPORATION ACTS.

    THE CATHOLIC QUESTION.

    MOTION ON THE STATE OF THE LAW.

    BILLS CONNECTED WITH ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE.

    CORN-LAW QUESTION.

    DIVISIONS IN THE CABINET.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    DISTURBANCES IN IRELAND.

    DEATH OF THE EARL OF LIVERPOOL.

    FOREIGN POLICY.

    CHAPTER XXXIX.

    THE CATHOLIC QUESTION.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    SUPPRESSION OF THE CATHOLIC ASSOCIATION.

    REJECTION OF MR. PEEL AT OXFORD.

    THE TRIUMPH OF CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION.

    BILL FOR THE DISFRANCHISEMENT OF THE FORTY-SHILLING FREEHOLDERS.

    THE CASE OF MR. O'CONNELL.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    MOTION FOR PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT, ETC.

    STATE OF AFFAIRS IN IRELAND.

    AGRICULTURAL AND COMMERCIAL DISTRESS.

    FOREIGN POLITICS.

    CHAPTER XL.

    STATE OF PARTIES.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    MOTION FOR A COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE HOUSE ON THE STATE OF THE NATION.

    REDUCTION OF SALARIES OF PUBLIC OFFICERS, ETC.

    MOTION FOR REVISING THE WHOLE SYSTEM OF TAXATION.

    COMMITTEE ON THE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S CHARTER.

    DEBATE ON A PROPOSAL TO ALTER THE CURRENCY.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—BILL FOR REPEALING THE DUTY ON BEER, ETC.

    THE QUESTION OF REFORM.

    THE CASE OF EAST RETFORD.

    MR. O'CONNELL'S BILL FOR REFORM BY UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE, ETC.

    MR. O'CONNELL'S BILL FOR REFORM BY UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE AND VOTE BY

    BILL FOR REMOVING THE CIVIL DISABILITIES AFFECTING JEWS.

    BILL FOR CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN CASES OF FORGERY.

    BILL FOR AMENDING THE LAW OF LIBEL.

    ALTERATIONS IN COURTS OF JUSTICE.

    ILLNESS OF HIS MAJESTY.

    BILL TO AUTHORISE THE ADHIBITING OF THE SIGN-MANUAL BY STAMP.

    DEATH OF THE KING, AND ACCESSION OF THE DUKE OF CLARENCE, WILLIAM IV.

    CHAPTER XL. (Continued)

    ROYAL MESSAGE TO PARLIAMENT—RUPTURE BETWEEN THE MINISTERS AND

    PROROGATION AND DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT.

    STATE OF PARTIES.

    MEETING OF THE NEW PARLIAMENT.

    DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING THEIR MAJESTIES' VISIT TO LONDON.

    MAJORITY AGAINST MINISTERS FOR A SELECT COMMITTEE ON THE CIVIL LIST.

    FORMATION OF EARL GREY'S ADMINISTRATION.

    DEATH OF MR. HUSKISSON.

    STATE OF FOREIGN NATIONS.

    CHAPTER XLI.

    STATE OF THE REFORM QUESTION.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    INTRODUCTION OF THE REFORM BILL.

    DEBATE ON THE MOTION THAT THE BILL BE READ A SECOND TIME, ETC.

    MOTION OF ADJOURNMENT PENDING THE ORDNANCE ESTIMATES CARRIED AGAINST

    THE BUDGET—PROPOSED CHANGES IN TAXES, ETC.—ARRANGEMENT OF THE CIVIL

    GENERAL ELECTION.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT—THE REFORM QUESTION RENEWED IN PARLIAMENT.

    REJECTION OF THE REFORM BILL BY THE LORDS.

    CONSEQUENCES OF THE REJECTION OF THE REFORM BILL.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    CORONATION OF WILLIAM IV.

    OPENING OF NEW LONDON BRIDGE, ETC.

    RAVAGES OF THE CHOLERA.

    FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    NEW REFORM BILL.

    CHAPTER XLII.

    REFORM BILL PASSED BY THE COMMONS.

    DEBATES ON THE REFORM BILL IN THE LORDS.

    DISTURBED STATE OF THE NATION.

    REASSEMBLING OF PARLIAMENT.

    FAILURE OF THE ATTEMPTS TO FORM A NEW ADMINISTRATION—MINISTERS

    REFORM BILL PASSED.

    IRISH AND SCOTCH REFORM BILLS PASSED.

    BILL TO PREVENT BRIBERY AT ELECTIONS, ETC.

    COMMITTEES ON IRISH TITHES.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    COMMITTEE ON THE CHARTER OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY, ETC.

    THE AFFAIRS OF THE WEST INDIES.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    GENERAL ELECTION.

    RESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER.

    STATE OF IRELAND.

    STATE OF THE CONTINENT.

    CHAPTER XLIII.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT—RE-ELECTION OF MR. MANNERS SUTTON AS SPEAKER.

    OPENING OF THE REFORMED PARLIAMENT BY THE KING IN PERSON.

    CASE OF MR. PEASE.

    IRISH COERCION BILL.

    IRISH CHURCH BILL.

    IRISH TITHE BILL.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    BANK OF ENGLAND CHARTER RENEWED.

    EAST INDIA QUESTION.

    ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN THE COLONIES.

    FACTORY BILL.

    THE CORN LAWS.

    RESOLUTIONS AGAINST BRIBERY, ETC.

    BILL TO REMOVE THE CIVIL DISABILITIES OF JEWS.—PROROGATION OF

    FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

    CHAPTER XLIV.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    MR. O'CONNELL'S MOTION FOR THE REPEAL OF THE UNION.

    DIVISIONS IN THE CABINET.

    COMMISSION ISSUED TO INQUIRE INTO THE STATE OF THE IRISH CHURCH.

    IRISH TITHE QUESTION.

    RENEWAL OF THE IRISH COERCION BILL.

    RESIGNATION OF EARL GREY, ETC.

    REJECTION OF THE IRISH TITHE QUESTION BY THE PEERS.

    STATE OF ECCLESIASTICAL QUESTIONS AND THE CLAIMS OF DISSENTERS.

    POOR-LAW AMENDMENT ACT.

    THE CORN-LAW QUESTION.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, ETC.

    BILL FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE CIVIL DISABILITIES OF THE JEWS, ETC.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    DISSOLUTION OF THE CABINET.

    SIR ROBERT PEEL APPOINTED PRIME-MINISTER.

    DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE ACT ABOLISHING SLAVERY IN THE WEST INDIES CARRIED INTO EFFECT.

    STATE OF THE CONTINENT.

    CHAPTER XLV.

    STATE OF PARTIES.

    GENERAL ELECTION.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.—CONTEST FOR THE ELECTION OF SPEAKER.

    OPENING OF THE SESSION.

    DISCUSSION IN THE LORDS RESPECTING THE SLAVERY ABOLITION ACT.

    MOTION OF THE MARQUIS OF CHANDOS TO REPEAL THE MALT-TAX.

    THE DISSENTERS' MARRIAGE ACT.

    REPORT OF COMMISSION REGARDING THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND, ETC.

    REPEATED DEFEATS OF THE MINISTRY IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.

    THE QUESTION OF THE APPROPRIATION OF THE SURPLUS OF THE REVENUES OF THE

    RESIGNATION OF MINISTERS, AND RESTORATION OF LORD MELBOURNE'S CABINET.

    MUNICIPAL REFORM AND THE IRISH CHURCH.

    AGRICULTURAL DISTRESS.

    DISCUSSION REGARDING ORANGE SOCIETIES IN IRELAND.

    THE VOTE BY BALLOT, ETC.

    THE BUDGET.

    DISCUSSIONS REGARDING CANADA.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    STATE OF THE CONTINENT.

    CHAPTER XLVI.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE QUESTION OF ORANGE LODGES.

    BILL TO REFORM THE IRISH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS.

    THE IRISH TITHE-BILL.

    COMMUTATION OF TITHES IN ENGLAND.

    BILL FOR REGISTRATION OF BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND MARRIAGES, ETC.

    BILL TO ALTER THE REVENUES AND TERRITORIES OF THE DIFFERENT SEES, ETC.

    BILL TO ABOLISH THE SECULAR JURISDICTION OF BISHOPS, ETC.

    BILL TO AMEND THE ENGLISH MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ACT.

    BILL TO ALLOW FELONS' COUNSEL TO ADDRESS THE JURY, ETC.

    ABOLITION OF IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT, ETC.

    ELECTION COMMITTEES.

    NEW HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT.

    MOTION FOR THE REDUCTION OF TAXATION ON BEHALF OF THE AGRICULTURISTS.

    THE BUDGET, ETC.

    DISCUSSIONS ON THE COLONIES, AND ON OUR FOREIGN RELATIONS.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE AFFAIRS OF IRELAND.

    FOREIGN RELATIONS.

    CHAPTER XLVII.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    CONSIDERATION OF THE STATE OF IRELAND.

    QUESTION OF ESTABLISHING A SYSTEM OF POOR-LAWS IN IRELAND.

    IRISH TITHE QUESTION.

    QUESTION OF CHURCH-RATES.

    THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.

    NOTICES OF MOTIONS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES.

    OPERATION OF THE NEW POOR-LAWS.

    AFFAIRS OF CANADA.

    STATE OF THE BANKING SYSTEM, ETC.

    CONSIDERATION OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF ENGLAND UNDER THE WHIG

    MOTION ON THE STATE OF THE NATION.

    ILLNESS AND DEATH OF THE KING—REMARKS ON HIS CHARACTER.

    CHAPTER XLVIII.

    THE ACCESSION OF QUEEN VICTORIA.

    THE QUEEN'S MESSAGE TO BOTH HOUSES—EULOGIES OF THE LATE SOVEREIGN IN

    BILL FOR PROVIDING THE SUCCESSION TO THE CROWN.

    THE BUDGET, ETC.

    ALTERATIONS IN THE CRIMINAL LAW, ETC.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    STATE OF PARTIES AND ELECTIONS.

    CITY BANQUET TO THE QUEEN.

    OPENING OF THE NEW PARLIAMENT.

    THE SUBJECT OF THE CIVIL LIST DEBATED.

    THE SUBJECT OF THE PENSION LIST.

    INTELLIGENCE FROM CANADA—DISCUSSION ON THE SUBJECT—ADJOURNMENT OF THE

    STATE OF THE CONTINENT.

    CHAPTER XLIX.

    PARLIAMENT REASSEMBLES—DEBATES ON CANADA—ADDRESS TO THE THRONE

    THE QUESTION OF ELECTION COMMITTEES, ETC.

    MOTION FOR THE BALLOT.

    PARLIAMENTARY QUALIFICATION BILL.

    PERSONAL ATTACKS.

    REVIVAL OF ANTI-SLAVERY AGITATION, ETC.

    DEBATES ON THE IRISH POOR-LAW BILL—THE BILL CARRIED.

    MOTION FOR THE REPEAL OF THE APPROPRIATION CLAUSE—MINISTERIAL PLAN FOR

    COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS UPON THE IRISH MUNICIPAL BILL—THE

    THE CORONATION.

    DEBATES IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS ON THE IRISH TITHE QUESTION.

    THE IRISH POOR-LAW BILL CARRIED IN THE LORDS.

    PROJECTED FORMATION OF A COLONY IN NEW ZEALAND, ETC.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, ETC.

    MOTION FOR THE REPEAL OF THE CORN-LAWS.

    VARIOUS IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LAW.

    A SELECT COMMITTEE TO INQUIRE INTO THE OPERATION OF THE POOR-LAWS.

    COMBINATIONS IN ENGLAND AND IRELAND.

    JOHN THOM. ALIAS SIR WILLIAM COURTENAY.

    COMMITTEE ON CHURCH LANDS.

    ACT FOR ABOLISHING PLURALITIES, ETC.

    THE SUBJECT OF EDUCATION DISCUSSED IN PARLIAMENT.

    THE QUESTION OF CANADA RENEWED.

    QUEEN PROROGUES PARLIAMENT.

    DISAFFECTION AMONG THE WORKING CLASSES.

    PROPOSED REDUCTION OF THE RATES OF POSTAGE.

    THE STATE OF IRELAND.

    THE AFFAIRS OF CANADA.

    THE STATE OF THE CONTINENT.

    CHAPTER L.

    STATE OF PARTIES.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE CORN-LAW QUESTION.

    THE AFFAIRS OF IRELAND DISCUSSED IN PARLIAMENT.

    IRISH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS BILL.

    PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT RESPECTING JAMAICA.

    RESIGNATION OF MINISTERS, AND FAILURE OF SIR ROBERT PEEL TO FORM A NEW

    NATIONAL EDUCATION.

    AFFAIRS OF CANADA.

    THE SECOND JAMAICA BILL, ETC.

    BILL FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF THE PORTUGUESE SLAVE-TRADE, ETC.

    MOTION FOR THE BALLOT.

    ACT FOR THE BETTER ORDERING OF PRISONS.

    MOTION FOR A COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE HOUSE TO CONSIDER THE NATIONAL

    BIRMINGHAM RIOTS, ETC.

    THE BUDGET—PROPOSED REDUCTION OF POSTAGE DUTIES, ETC.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    AFFAIRS IN THE EAST INDIES.

    STATE OF THE CONTINENT.

    CHAPTER LI.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.—ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE QUEEN'S MARRIAGE.

    BILL FOR THE NATURALIZATION OF PRINCE ALBERT.

    THE CIVIL-LIST.

    QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE—HANSARD AND STOCKDALE.

    AFFAIRS OF CHINA, ETC.

    THE IRISH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS BILL, ETC.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENT, ETC.

    THE UNION OF THE CANADAS.

    ECCLESIASTICAL DUTIES AND REVENUES BILL.

    THE REGENCY BILL.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    AFFAIRS OF BRITISH INDIA.

    THE MARRIAGE OF THE QUEEN.

    STATE OF THE CONTINENT.

    CHAPTER LII.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    POOR LAW AMENDMENT ACT.

    JEWS' CIVIL DISABILITIES REMOVAL BILL.

    CHURCH OF SCOTLAND: NON-INTRUSION QUESTION, ETC.

    LAW-REFORM.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    DISCUSSION ON THE CORN-LAWS.

    RESOLUTION OF WANT OF CONFIDENCE IN THE GOVERNMENT.

    PROROGATION AND DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT.

    STATE OF PARTIES.

    MEETING OF THE NEW HOUSE OF COMMONS, ETC.

    RESIGNATION OF MINISTERS.—SIR ROBERT PEEL'S ADMINISTRATION.

    STATEMENT OF SIR ROBERT PEEL AS TO HIS INTENDED COURSE OF PROCEEDING,

    FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

    POOR LAWS, ETC.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS, ETC.

    STATE OF THE CONTINENT.

    CHAPTER LIII.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATE ON THE CORN-LAWS—PROPOSITION OF MINISTERS ON THE SUBJECT.

    FINANCIAL MEASURES—INCOME-TAX BILL, ETC.

    NEW TARIFF.

    MR. VILLIERS'S MOTION ON THE CORN-LAWS.

    THE GREAT CHARTIST PETITION.

    BILL FOR RESTRAINING THE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN MINES AND

    BRIBERY AT ELECTIONS.

    LAW REFORMS.

    BILL FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ROYAL PERSON.

    POOR-LAW AMENDMENT BILL.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    EAST INDIA AFFAIRS, ETC.

    CHAPTER LIV.

    STATE OF THE COUNTRY.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    NATIONAL DISTRESS.

    ADDRESS TO THE CROWN ON THE SUBJECT OF EDUCATION.

    AFFAIRS OF INDIA, ETC.

    THE CORN-LAW QUESTION RESUMED.

    IRISH AFFAIRS.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    EDUCATION.

    CHURCH EXTENSION, ETC.

    LAW REFORM.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    AGITATION IN IRELAND, FORMATION OF THE FREE CHURCH IN SCOTLAND, ETC.

    DISPUTES WITH AMERICA.

    THE STATE OF INDIA.

    CONTINENTAL AFFAIRS.

    CHAPTER LV.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    MOTION FOR THE STOPPAGE OF SUPPLIES.

    AFFAIRS OF INDIA.

    IRISH AFFAIRS.

    RESTRICTIONS ON LABOUR IN FACTORIES, ETC.

    THE CORN-LAWS AND FREE-TRADE QUESTION.

    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

    SUGAR-DUTIES BILL, ETC.

    BANK CHARTER AND BANKING REGULATIONS.

    DISSENTERS' CHAPELS BILL.

    SEES OF BANGOR AND ST. ASAPH.

    MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES OF THE SESSION.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE STATE OF INDIA.

    PROCEEDINGS AGAINST MR. O'CONNELL.

    CONTINENTAL AFFAIRS.

    CHAPTER LVI.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL POLICY—RETENTION OF THE INCOME-TAX, ETC.

    THE SUGAR-DUTIES QUESTION.

    CORN-LAWS AND FREE TRADE.

    AFFAIRS OF IRELAND—MAYNOOTH IMPROVEMENT BILL.

    ACADEMICAL EDUCATION IN IRELAND.

    COLONIAL POLICY.

    QUESTION OF THE OREGON TERRITORY.

    MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES OF THE SESSION.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE AFFAIRS OF INDIA.

    THE STATE OF THE CONTINENT.

    CHAPTER LVII.

    STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THIS YEAR, ETC.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.

    SETTLEMENT OF THE CORN-LAW QUESTION.

    CHAPTER LVIII.

    POSITION OF THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY ON THE DEFECTION OF SIR ROBERT PEEL.

    THE CONDITION OF IRELAND.—DISTURBED STATE OF THE COUNTRY.—DISAFFECTION

    POLITICAL AGITATION.—YOUNG IRELAND.

    AFFAIRS OF INDIA.—BATTLE OF ALIWAL.—TOTAL EXPULSION OF THE SIKHS

    STATE OF AFFAIRS AT THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.—SUCCESSES OF THE

    STATE OF NEW ZEALAND.—SUPPRESSION OF THE NATIVE REVOLT.

    BORNEO.

    OUR NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES.

    FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

    SOUTH AMERICA.

    RELATIONS WITH CONTINENTAL EUROPE.

    HOME.

    CHAPTER LIX.

    COLONIAL AFFAIRS.

    FOREIGN RELATIONS.

    STATE OF IRELAND.—PROGRESS OF FAMINE AND DISEASE.

    CONTINUED POLITICAL AGITATION.—DREADFUL PREVALENCE OF CRIME.

    DEATH OF O'CONNELL.

    MR. JOHN O'CONNELL ASSUMES THE PRESIDENCY OF THE REPEAL

    BITTER DISPUTES BETWEEN OLD IRELAND AND YOUNG IRELAND.

    GENERAL STATE OF AFFAIRS IN GREAT BRITAIN.

    POLITICAL AGITATION IN ENGLAND.

    THE COURT.

    HOME NAVAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS.

    GENERAL HOME INCIDENTS.

    PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY OF THE YEAR.

    GOVERNMENT PLAN OF EDUCATION.

    BILL FOR CREATING A NEW DIOCESS OF MANCHESTER.

    DEBATE ON THE ANNEXATION OF CRACOW.

    PROROGATION AND DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT.

    ASSEMBLING OF A NEW PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATE ON THE DISTRESS OF THE NATION.

    MEASURES FOR THE REPRESSION OF HOMICIDE AND OUTRAGE IN IRELAND.

    MOTION FOR THE REPEAL OF JEWISH DISABILITIES.

    ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE.—CLOSE OF THE PARLIAMENTARY LABOURS OF 1847.

    CHAPTER LX.

    THE WAR IN INDIA.

    MUTINY OF SIKH TROOPS IN THE PUNJAUB. AND REVOLT OF CHUTTUR SINGH.

    SIEGE AND CAPTURE OF MOOLTAN.

    CAMPAIGN IN THE PUNJAUB UNDER LORD GOUGH.

    CANADA.

    THE WEST INDIES.

    FOREIGN RELATIONS.

    THE UNITED STATES.

    SPAIN: DIPLOMATIC DISAGREEMENT WITH THAT COUNTRY; DISMISSION OF THE

    THE CONTINENTAL REVOLUTIONS.

    ITALY.

    THE PAPAL STATES.

    NAPLES AND SICILY.

    BELGIUM.

    GERMANY.

    THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE.

    THE GERMAN CONFEDERATION.

    DENMARK.—SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN.

    RUSSIA.

    IRELAND.

    ENGLAND.

    VISIT OF FRENCH NATIONAL GUARDS TO LONDON.

    COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS.

    THE COBDEN TESTIMONIAL.

    AGITATION CONCERNING THE NAVIGATION LAWS.

    REWARDS FOR INDIA SERVICE.

    REFORM OF THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY.

    THE COURT.

    PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS.

    CLOSE OF THE SESSION.

    DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS.

    CHAPTER LXI.

    PROSECUTION OF THE WAR IN INDIA, AND ANNEXATION OF THE PUNJAUB.

    CHINA.

    BORNEO.

    THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

    CANADA.—POLICY OF THE GOVERNMENT.—OPPOSITION AND INSOLENT PROCEEDINGS

    AUSTRALIA.—DISCONTENTS CREATED BY THE TRANSPORTATION QUESTION.

    CEPHALONIA.

    THE ARCTIC EXPEDITION UNDER SIR J. ROSS.

    FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

    STATE OF GERMANY.

    DEMANDS OF THE RUSSIAN AND AUSTRIAN EMPERORS UPON THE SULTAN OF TURKEY.

    CONTINUED DISTRESS IN IRELAND—CRIME AND OUTRAGE—POLITICAL

    POLITICAL STATE OF ENGLAND.

    COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS.

    THE CHOLERA.

    PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY OF 1849—OPENING OF THE SESSION.

    REPEAL OF THE NAVIGATION LAWS.

    AGRICULTURAL DISTRESS—MOTION FOR GOVERNMENTAL RELIEF.

    IRELAND.

    VOTE OF THANKS TO THE ARMY IN INDIA.

    MR. COBDEN'S MOTION FOR REDUCING THE ARMY AND NAVY.

    THE BUDGET.

    MOTION ON THE STATE OF THE NATION

    THE PROROGATION.

    THE COURT.

    THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO IRELAND.

    THE ROYAL VISIT TO SCOTLAND.

    DEATH OF THE QUEEN DOWAGER.

    DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS.

    CHAPTER LXII.

    FOREIGN RELATIONS.

    COLONIAL AFFAIRS.

    INDIA.

    IRELAND.

    HOME EVENTS.—PROPOSAL FOR AN EXHIBITION OF THE INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS.

    COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY.

    THE CHOLERA.

    PAPAL AGGRESSION.

    COMPLIMENT TO LORD PALMERSTON.

    ARRIVAL OF THE KOH-I-NOOR.

    ATTACK UPON GENERAL HAYNAU.

    PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY.—OPENING OF THE SESSION.

    AFFAIRS OF GREECE.

    CONSTITUTIONS FOR THE COLONIES.

    AUSTRALIAN COLONIES' BILL.

    LOCAL BURDENS ON LAND.

    PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.

    IRISH DISTRESS.

    IRISH FRANCHISE BILL.

    BILL FOR THE ABOLITION OF THE LORD-LIEUTENANCY OF IRELAND.

    MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS OF DEBATE.

    FINANCE.

    THE BUDGET.

    DEATH OF SIR ROBERT PEEL.

    PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

    THE COURT.

    DEATHS OF REMARKABLE PERSONS.

    CHAPTER LXIII.

    GENERAL PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY OF 1851.

    EXHIBITION OF THE INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS.

    THE CENSUS.

    IRELAND.

    THE COURT.

    COLONIAL AFFAIRS.

    FOREIGN AFFAIRS—EUROPEAN RELATIONS.

    DISCUSSIONS IN THE ENGLISH PARLIAMENT CONCERNING THE STATE OF AFFAIRS AT

    DIPLOMATIC DISPUTE WITH AUSTRIA AND TUSCANY, ARISING FROM AN OUTRAGE

    STATEMENT OF MR. ERSKINE MATHER TO M. SALVAGNOLI.*

    DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS DURING THE YEAR 1851.

    CHAPTER LXIV.

    DEATH OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.

    THE COURT.

    PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS AND PARTY CONFLICTS DURING 1852.

    PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.

    THE MILITIA BILL.—DEFEAT AND RESIGNATION OF THE CABINET.

    THE EARL OF DERBY'S ADMINISTRATION.

    FOREIGN POLICY OF THE GOVERNMENT.—OUTRAGE ON MR. MATHER AT FLORENCE.

    LAW REFORM.

    PROROGATION AND DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT.—GENERAL ELECTION.

    MEETING OF THE NEW PARLIAMENT.

    BOTH HOUSES CARRY RESOLUTIONS PLEDGING THEM TO THE FREE-TRADE POLICY.

    THE GOVERNMENT SCHEME OF FINANCE.—DEFEAT AND RESIGNATION OF THE

    FORMATION OF A NEW MINISTRY.

    IRELAND.

    COLONIES.

    CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

    INDIA.

    FOREIGN AFFAIRS.—BIRMESE WAR.

    FRANCE.

    GENERAL EUROPEAN RELATIONS.

    UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

    EFFORTS AGAINST THE SLAVE TRADE, AND TO SUPPRESS PIRACY.

    DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS.

    CHAPTER LXV.

    GENERAL STATE OF GREAT BRITAIN.

    THE COURT.

    STATE OF IRELAND.

    GENERAL CONDITION OF THE COLONIES.

    CANADA.

    FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

    THE WAR WITH RUSSIA.

    PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY.

    INDIA BILL.

    DISCUSSIONS ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS.—RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

    DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS.

    CHAPTER LXVI.

    HOME AFFAIRS.—GENERAL PROSPECTS.

    THE COURT.

    IRELAND

    COLONIAL.

    FOREIGN AFFAIRS.—THE ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE, THE WAR WITH RUSSIA.

    PARLIAMENT.

    DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS.

    CHAPTER LXVII.

    HOME AFFAIRS—PUBLIC OPINION, AGITATION OF PEOPLE AND PARLIAMENT.

    DEATH OF THE CZAR.

    DEPARTURE OF THE BALTIC FLEET.

    FINANCIAL OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR.

    SEVERITY OF THE WEATHER.

    VISIT OF THE EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH.

    DISTRIBUTION OF MEDALS BY THE QUEEN.

    VISIT OF THE KING OF THE BELGIANS.

    HER MAJESTY VISITS THE FRENCH EMPEROR.

    VISIT OF THE KING OF SARDINIA TO THE ENGLISH COURT.

    IRELAND.

    PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS, MINISTERIAL CHANGES, AND DIPLOMATIC

    THE CONDUCT OF THE WAR—OPERATIONS IN THE CRIMEA AND BLACK SEA.

    OPERATIONS IN THE SEA OF AZOFF.

    OPERATIONS IN ASIA MINOR.

    OPERATIONS OF THE ALLIES IN THE BALTIC.

    OPERATIONS IN THE WHITE SEA.

    OPERATIONS IN THE PACIFIC, AND AGAINST THE RUSSIAN SETTLEMENTS IN

    COLONIAL AFFAIRS.

    INDIA.

    CHAPTER LXVIII.

    CONCLUSION OF THE RUSSIAN WAR.

    GENERAL CONDITION OF THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.

    BRITISH POLICY IN ASIA.

    THE PERSIAN WAR.

    WAR WITH CHINA.

    DISPUTES WITH THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

    INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAW.

    INDIA.

    IRELAND.

    HOME—GENERAL CONDITION OF GREAT BRITAIN.

    NATIONAL FINANCE.

    PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS.

    CHAPTER LXIX.

    FOREIGN AFFAIRS: RELATIONS WITH FRANCE, AND WITH OTHER EUROPEAN POWERS

    DIFFERENCE WITH THE UNITED STATES.

    CHINA—PROSECUTION OF THE WAR.

    JAPAN.

    COLONIAL.

    SARAWAK.

    INDIA.

    THE MUTINY.

    HOME.

    PARLIAMENT.

    DEBATES ON THE CHINESE WAR-DEFEAT OF THE MINISTRY.

    PROROGATION AND DISSOLUTION.

    GENERAL ELECTION.

    RE-ASSEMBLING OF PARLIAMENT.

    SUDDEN CONVENTION OF PARLIAMENT IN DECEMBER.

    THE COURT.

    ART EXHIBITION IN MANCHESTER.

    CHAPTER LXX.

    FRANCE.

    NAPLES.

    PRUSSIA.

    SPAIN.

    HANOVER.

    THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

    SOUTH AMERICAN STATES.

    THE AUSTRALIAN COLONIES.

    BRITISH AMERICA

    IRELAND.

    HOME.—THE COURT.

    COMMERCE AND FINANCE.

    PARLIAMENTARY AND POLITICAL.


    Illustrations

    Queen Victoria

    Titlepage

    George III.

    Battle of Bunker's Hill

    Ticonderoga

    General Burgoyne Addressing the Indians

    Death of Chatham

    Portrait of Lord Rodney

    British Surrendering to General Washington

    Siege of Gibralter

    Portrait of Lord Nelson

    Yarmouth: Nelson's Monument

    Portrait of Charles James Fox

    Plain of Waterloo

    Coronation Chair

    Holyrood Palace

    The Grass Market Edinborough

    The Duke of Wellington.

    Southampton

    Battle of Alma

    Battle of Inkerman

    Bombardment of Sweaborg


    GEORGE III.

    CHAPTER I.

         Accession of George III...... Meeting of Parliament, &c......

         Judges made independent of the Crown..... Changes in the

         Cabinet..... The Operations of the War..... The Resignation of

         Mr. Pitt..... The Marriage of the King..... Coronation of

         their Majesties..... Meeting of Parliament..... Disturbances

         in Ireland..... War with Spain..... France and Spain declare

         War against Portugal..... Dissensions in the Cabinet.....

         Events in Germany, &c..... Negociations for Peace..... The

         Meeting of Parliament, and the Conclusion of Peace..... The

         Resignation of Bute..... The Character and Impeachment of

         Wilkes..... Changes in the Cabinet..... Meeting of Parliament,

         and further proceedings against Wilkes..... Proposition to

         tax the American Colonies..... Opposition of the Americans.....

         War with the North American Indians..... Domestic

         Occurrences

    1760

    ACCESSION OF GEORGE III.

    Few monarchs ever ascended a throne under more auspicious circumstances than George III. The sources of national wealth and prosperity were daily becoming developed, and the British arms were everywhere victorious. So extensive were their conquests, indeed, that it may be said, the sun rose and set, at this date, within the limits of the British dominions.

    Prince George, who was the eldest son of the late Frederick, Prince of Wales, was riding on horseback in the neighbourhood of Kew palace, with his groom of the stole, Lord Bute, when news was brought him that his grandfather was dead. This intelligence was confirmed soon after by the arrival of Mr. Pitt, the head of the government, and they repaired together to Kew. On the next morning George went up to St. James's, where Pitt waited upon him, and presented the sketch of an address to be pronounced at the meeting of the privy council. Pitt, however, was doomed to find a rival where he thought to have found a friend. He was told by his majesty, that an address had already been prepared, which convinced him that Bute, on whose favour he had reckoned, would not be contented with a subordinate place in the new government, but would aspire to the highest offices in the state. In the course of the day, October 26th, George was proclaimed king with the usual solemnities.

    The accession of George, notwithstanding, did not involve any immediate change in the existing administration. The Earl of Bute, together with Prince Edward, Duke of York, were admitted into the privy council, but it was given out that his majesty was satisfied, and even charmed, with the existing cabinet, and that he would make no changes, with the exception of a few in the household and in the minor offices. One of the first acts of George III., was a proclamation for the encouragement of piety and virtue, and for preventing and punishing of vice, profaneness, and immorality. This was naturally looked upon as a token of his majesty's virtue and devotion, which view was borne out by his after character; for although the proclamation may be considered in the light of a dead letter as regards actual operation, it was enforced, or recommended, by his example; and example hath a louder tongue either than precept, proclamations, or laws. From the beginning to the close of his long reign, George III. manifested a decent, moral, and religious life, which doubtless had very beneficial effects upon society at large.

    On the accession of the new king, parliament was prorogued, first to the thirteenth, and afterwards to the eighteenth, of November. In the meantime, public attention was engaged by the equipment of a large squadron of men-of-war and transports at Portsmouth, and speculations were rife as to the policy of the monarch—whether it would be favourable to war or to peace. All classes of society, however, agreed in anticipating the happiest results from his rule, since he had been born and bred among them, and was well acquainted with the language, manners, laws, and institutions of the people over whom he presided. Loyal and dutiful addresses, expressing such sentiments, were presented to the young monarch by the city of London, the two universities, and from various bodies of people, to all which he returned sententious but suitable replies, declaring his fixed resolve to respect their rights and conciliate their esteem. A letter was addressed to him by the venerable Bishop of London, Dr. Sherlock, as a parting benediction, in which he gave him the following wise council:—You, sir, he writes, are the person whom the people ardently desire; which affection of theirs is happily returned by your majesty's declared concern for their prosperity: and let nothing disturb this mutual consent; let there be but one contest, whether the king loves the people best, or the people him; and may it be a long, a very long, contest; may it never be decided, but let it remain doubtful; and may the paternal affection on the one side, and the filial obedience on the other, he had in perpetual remembrance.

    MEETING OF PARLIAMENT ETC.

    The new king met parliament for the first time on the eighteenth of November. He opened the session with a speech, announcing not only the state of public and domestic affairs, but also the general principles by which he intended to rule. One clause in his speech was very gratifying to the people: Born and educated in this country, he observed, I glory in the name of Briton. Having uttered this memorable sentence, he said it would be the happiness of his life to promote the happiness and interests of his loyal and affectionate people; and that their civil and religious rights were equally as dear to him as the valuable prerogatives of his crown. He then declared, that on his accession to the throne of his ancestors he found the kingdom in a flourishing and glorious state; victorious and happy; although engaged in a necessary war, which, in the language of the late reign, he designated, a war for the Protestant interest. In this speech he neither spoke of peace nor negociation, but asked the assistance of parliament to prosecute this war with vigour. Finally, addressing the Commons on the subject of supplies, he concluded his speech thus:—The eyes of all Europe are on you; from your resolutions the Protestant interest hopes for protection, as well as all our friends for the preservation of their independency; and our enemies fear the final disappointment of their ambitious and destructive views: let these hopes and fears be confirmed and augmented, by the vigour, unanimity, and despatch of our proceedings. In this expectation I am the more encouraged, by a pleasing circumstance, which I consider one of the most auspicious omens of my reign—that happy extinction of divisions, and that union and good harmony, which continue to prevail amongst my subjects, afford me the most agreeable prospects; the natural disposition and wish of my heart are to cement and promote them; and I promise myself, that nothing will arise on your part to interrupt or disturb a situation so essential to the true and lasting felicity of this great people. This speech was warmly responded to by addresses from both houses of parliament; and the supplies for the ensuing year, amounting to £19,616,119, were cheerfully voted, while the civil list was fixed at £809,000; the king, on his part, consenting to such a disposition of the hereditary revenues of the crown, as might best promote the interests of the nation.

    War, therefore, was to be continued, and Mr. Pitt and his colleagues seemed to be confirmed in office: yet at this very moment the train was laying for their expulsion. Earl Bute was anxious to become secretary of state, and he was busily engaged in a correspondence with the noted intriguer, Bubb Doddington. A few days after the meeting of parliament his lordship declared to Doddington, that Lord Holderness was ready at his desire to quarrel with his fellow ministers, and go to the king and throw up with seeming-anger, and then he (Bute) might come in without seeming to displace anybody. This expedient, however, did not please Doddington, and Bute paid deference to his opinion. Still the two friends took counsel together on this important affair. In a letter from Doddington to Bute, which was written in December, he advises that nothing be done that can be justly imputed to precipitation; nothing delayed that can be imputed to fear. He adds: Remember, my noble and generous friend, that to recover monarchy from the inveterate usurpation of oligarchy, is a point too arduous and important to be achieved without much difficulty, and some degree of danger; though none but what attentive moderation and unalterable firmness will certainly surmount.

    In his career of ambition, Bute, who was better fitted to perform Lothario on the stage, than to act as secretary of state, paid small regard to danger, but kept his eye fixed steadily on the point he had in view. In January, he told Doddington that Mr. Pitt meditated a retreat; and in the same month Doddington writes to him—If the intelligence they bring me be true, Mr. Pitt goes down fast in the city, and faster at this end of the town: they add, you rise daily. This may not be true; but if he sinks, you will observe that his system sinks with him, and that there is nothing to replace it but recalling the troops and leaving Hanover in deposit. Again, on the 6th of February, Lord Bute declared, that it was easy to make the Duke of Newcastle resign, but at the same time he expressed a doubt as to the expediency of beginning in that quarter. Doddington replied, that he saw no objection to this step; and that if Bute thought there was, he might put it into hands that would resign it to him when he thought proper to take it. But Bute was not disposed to try the duke too much, nor to risk too bold a leap at once: so all ill humours were concealed under a fair surface.

    Had Earl Bute taken any decisive step thus early in the reign of the new king, it would probably have exposed him to public derision and scorn. At this time the old system seemed to please everybody; and among the supplies voted by the House of Commons, none were more freely granted than the continental subsidies, and especially that of £670,000 to the King of Prussia. His victory at Torgau, which subjected all Saxony—Dresden excepted—to his power, was made known in England just before the meeting of parliament, and it had the effect of raising him high in the public favour of the people of England. Nor was it less advantageous to him on the Continent. His victory, with its results, indeed, were a full compensation to him for the previous losses he had sustained during the campaign. Laudohn raised the siege of Cosel, and evacuated Silesia; the Russians raised that of Colburg, and retreated into Poland; and the Swedes were driven out of Western Pomerania. In the same spirit of gratitude, the parliament granted £200,000 to our colonies in America, for the expenses they had incurred, and the efforts they had made in the present war—a war which laid some of the groundworks of the independence which a few years later was claimed by those colonies.

    JUDGES MADE INDEPENDENT OF THE CROWN.

    By an act passed in the year 1701, under the reign of William III., the commissions of the judges were continued quamdiu bené se gesserint; or the power of displacing them was taken from the crown, and their continuance in office was made solely dependent on the faithful discharge of their duties, so that it might be lawful to remove them on the address of both houses to the king. Still, at the demise of the crown, their offices were vacated, and George II. had even refused to renew the commission of a judge who had given him personal offence. Towards the close of this session, his present majesty, in a speech from the throne, recommended an important improvement in this matter, which greatly increased his popularity. He declared his wish to render the bench still more independent of the crown, and the administration of justice still more impartial; and he recommended that provisions should be made for the continuance of their commissions and salaries, without any reference to the death of one king, or the accession of his successor. In compliance with this expressed wish, a bill was framed for rendering the judges thus independent, which was carried through both houses. It received the royal assent on the 19th of March, on which day his majesty put an end to the session.

    CHANGES IN THE CABINET.

    Before this event took place, a certain party in the state began to think that circumstances would authorise them to commence a gradual change of ministers, and of the policy of the nation. In this his majesty seems to have coincided, for on the same day that he closed the session, Mr. Legge, who was co-partner with Mr. Pitt in popularity, was unceremoniously dismissed from the office of chancellor of the exchequer, and Sir Francis Dashwood nominated his successor. On the same day, also, Lord Holderness having secured a pecuniary indemnification, with the reversion of the wardenship of the cinque ports, resigned the office of secretary of state in favour of Lord Bute. It was said that the king "was tired of having two secretaries, of which one (Pitt) would do nothing, and the other (Holderness) could do nothing; and that he would have a secretary who both could and would act." At the same time, Lord Halifax was advanced from the board of trade to be Lord-lieutenant of Ireland, and was replaced by Lord Barrington; and the Duke of Richmond, displeased by a military promotion injurious to his brother, resigned his post as lord of the bed-chamber. Other changes, of minor importance, took place—such as the introduction of several Tories into the offices of the court, and there was a considerable addition made to the peerage. These changes were, doubtless, unpalatable to Mr. Pitt; but Horace Walpole says that he was somewhat softened by the offer of the place of cofferer for his brother-in-law, James Grenville. At all events Mr. Pitt continued in office, and Earl Bute consented to leave the management of foreign affairs in his hands; but at the same time, both Bute and his majesty gave him to understand that an end must be put to the war.

    THE OPERATIONS OF THE WAR.

    Since the accession of George III., the events of the war had been various. Although Frederick the Great had driven the Russians and Austrians from his capital, they were still within his own territory; while the French were on the side of the Rhine, and the Swedes continued to threaten invasions. Such was his situation when he heard that George II, was dead; that his successor was desirous of peace; that some of his advisers were projecting a separate treaty with France; and that it was probable that the English subsidies would soon be discontinued. This intelligence in some degree was confirmed by the tardiness with which the subsidy, so readily granted by the parliament in December, was paid into his treasury. Nothing daunted, however, Frederick planned fresh campaigns, and remonstrated with England; and, as an effect of the bold front he put upon his affairs, he had the satisfaction of learning, before he went into winter-quarters, that the Russians had retired beyond the Vistula, and that the Austrians and Swedes had departed out of Brandenburg, Silesia, and Pomerania. Still his situation was a critical one. His losses in men had been great, his coffers were empty, and his recruiting was therefore difficult: he looked forward to the campaign of 1761 with doubt and anxiety.

    Contrary to the general rules of war, this campaign opened in the very depth of the winter. Contrasting the strong constitutions of his troops with the less hardy character of his opponents, Prince Ferdinand resolved to take them thus by surprise. Accordingly, early in February, by a sudden attack, he drove the French out of their quarters near Cassel, and they were only saved from utter destruction, by the defiles, and other difficulties of the country, which favoured their retreat. Almost simultaneously with this achievement, the Prussian general, Sybourg, effected a junction with the Hanoverian general, Sporken, and took three thousand French prisoners. Subsequently, these generals defeated the troops of the empire under General Clefeld; and Prince Ferdinand followed up these advantages by laying siege to Cassel, Marbourg, and Ziegenhayn. He was ably seconded in his operations by the Marquis of Granby, but he failed in capturing these places, and was compelled to retire into the electorate of Hanover.

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