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    The Ground Plan of the English Parish Church
    The Ground Plan of the English Parish Church
    The Ground Plan of the English Parish Church
    Ebook170 pages2 hours

    The Ground Plan of the English Parish Church

    By A. Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton) Thompson

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    Read preview
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArchive Classics
    Release dateNov 25, 2013
    The Ground Plan of the English Parish Church

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      Book preview

      The Ground Plan of the English Parish Church - A. Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton) Thompson

      The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Ground Plan of the English Parish Church, by

      A. Hamilton Thompson

      This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

      almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or

      re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

      with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

      Title: The Ground Plan of the English Parish Church

      Author: A. Hamilton Thompson

      Release Date: October 30, 2008 [EBook #27102]

      Language: English

      *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENGLISH PARISH CHURCH ***

      Produced by Carla Foust and the Online Distributed

      Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was

      produced from images generously made available by The

      Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

      Transcriber's note

      In the HTML version some of the illustrations have been moved beside the relevant section of the text. Page numbers in the List of Illustrations reflect the position of the illustration in the original text, but links link to current position of illustrations.

      Minor punctuation errors have been corrected without notice.

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      All other inconsistencies are as in the original. The author's spelling has been maintained.

      The Cambridge Manuals of Science and

      Literature

      THE GROUND PLAN OF THE

      ENGLISH PARISH CHURCH

      CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

      London: FETTER LANE, E.C.

      C. F. CLAY, Manager

      Edinburgh: 100, PRINCES STREET

      Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO.

      Leipzig: F. A. BROCKHAUS

      New York: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS

      Bombay and Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.

      All rights reserved

      Hedon, Yorkshire: nave from N.W.

      THE GROUND PLAN

      OF THE ENGLISH

      PARISH CHURCH

      BY

      A. HAMILTON THOMPSON

      M.A., F.S.A.

      Cambridge:

      at the University Press

      1911

      Cambridge:

      PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.

      AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

      With the exception of the coat of arms at the foot, the design on the title page is a reproduction of one used by the earliest known Cambridge printer, John Siberch, 1521

      PREFACE

      There is as yet no book entirely devoted to the development of the plan of the parish church in England, and the body of literature which bears upon the subject is not very accessible to the ordinary student. The present volume is an attempt to indicate the main lines on which that development proceeded. It is obvious that, from necessary considerations of space, much has been omitted. The elevation of the building, and the treatment of its decorative features, window-tracery, sculpture, etc., belong to another and wider branch of architectural study, in which the parish church pursues the same line of structural development as the cathedral or monastic church, and the architectural forms of the timber-roofed building follow the example set by the larger churches with their roofs of stone. To this side of the question much attention has been devoted, and of late years increasing emphasis has been laid on the importance of the vaulted construction of our greater churches, which is the very foundation of medieval architecture and the secret of its progress through its various styles. It is expected that the reader of this book, in which a less familiar but none the less important topic is handled, will already have some acquaintance with the general progress of medieval architectural forms, with which the development of the ground plan keeps pace.

      Some historical and architectural questions, which arise out of the consideration of the ground plan, and have an important bearing upon it, are treated in another volume of this series, which is intended to be complementary to the present one.

      The writer is grateful to his wife, for the plans and sketches which she has drawn for him, and for much help: to Mr C. C. Hodges and Mr J. P. Gibson, for the permission to make use of their photographs; and to the Rev. J. C. Cox, LL.D., F.S.A., and the Rev. R. M. Serjeantson, M.A., F.S.A., for their kindness in reading through the proofs and supplying suggestions of the greatest value.

      A. H. T.

      Gretton, Northants

         26 January 1911

      CONTENTS

      CHAPTER I

      THE ORIGIN OF THE CHURCH PLAN IN ENGLAND

      CHAPTER II

      PARISH CHURCHES OF THE LATER SAXON PERIOD

      CHAPTER III

      THE AISLELESS CHURCH OF THE NORMAN PERIOD

      CHAPTER IV

      THE AISLED PARISH CHURCH

      I. NAVE, TOWER, AND PORCHES

      CHAPTER V

      THE AISLED PARISH CHURCH

      II. TRANSEPTS AND CHANCEL

      LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

      CHAPTER I

      THE ORIGIN OF THE CHURCH PLAN IN ENGLAND

      § 1. Side by side with the establishment of Christianity as the religion of the Roman empire, there appeared a fully developed plan for places of Christian worship. The normal Christian church of the fourth century of our era was an aisled building with the entrance at one end, and a semi-circular projection known as the apse at the other. The body of the building, the nave with its aisles, was used by the congregation, the quire of singers occupying a space, enclosed within low walls, at the end nearest the apse. In the apse, raised above the level of the nave, was the altar, behind which, ranged round the wall, were the seats for the bishop and assistant clergy. This type of church, of which the aisled nave and the apse are the essential parts, is known as the basilica. The name, employed to designate a royal or magnificent building, had long been applied to large buildings, whether open to the sky or roofed, which were used, partly as commercial exchanges, partly as halls of justice. It is still often said that the Christian basilicas were merely adaptations of such buildings to sacred purposes. Some of the features of the Christian plan are akin to those of the secular basilica. The apse with its semi-circular range of seats and its altar reproduces the judicial tribune, with its seats for the praetor and his assistant judges, and its altar on which oaths were taken. The open galleries, which in some of the earliest Christian basilicas at Rome form an upper story to the aisles, recall the galleries above the colonnades which surrounded the central hall of some of the larger secular basilicas. Again, the atrium or forecourt through which the Christian basilica was often approached has been supposed to be derived from the forum

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