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    God's Secret Agents: Queen Elizabeth's Forbidden Priests and the Hatching of the Gunpowder Plot
    God's Secret Agents: Queen Elizabeth's Forbidden Priests and the Hatching of the Gunpowder Plot
    God's Secret Agents: Queen Elizabeth's Forbidden Priests and the Hatching of the Gunpowder Plot
    Ebook1,255 pages11 hours

    God's Secret Agents: Queen Elizabeth's Forbidden Priests and the Hatching of the Gunpowder Plot

    By Alice Hogge

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    About this ebook

    One evening in 1588, just weeks after the defeat of the Spanish Armada, two young men landed in secret on a beach in Norfolk, England. They were Jesuit priests, Englishmen, and their aim was to achieve by force of argument what the Armada had failed to do by force of arms: return England to the Catholic Church.

    Eighteen years later their mission would be shattered by the actions of the Gunpowder Plotters -- a small group of terrorists who famously tried to destroy the Houses of Parliament -- for the Jesuits were accused of having designed "that most horrid and hellish conspiracy."

    Alice Hogge follows "God's secret agents" from their schooling on the Continent, through their perilous return journeys and lonely lives in hiding, to, ultimately, the gallows. She offers a remarkable true account of faith, duty, intolerance, and martyrdom -- the unforgettable story of men who would die for a cause undone by men who would kill for it.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherHarperCollins
    Release dateMar 15, 2011
    ISBN9780062047250
    God's Secret Agents: Queen Elizabeth's Forbidden Priests and the Hatching of the Gunpowder Plot
    Author

    Alice Hogge

    Alice Hogge was educated at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. She lives in London. This is her first book.

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    • 4/5
      Lady Antonia Fraser’s Faith and Treason compared with Alice Hogge’s God’s Secret Agents.The Gunpowder Plot was the 9/11 of its day (that day being November 5, 1605). Conspirators packed a cellar beneath the Houses of Parliament with gunpowder, the idea being to set it off when the Royal Family and both houses were present for the ceremonial Opening sand wipe out the entire English government at a stroke. Like 9/11, the plot was motivated by religion – all the conspirators were Catholic. Like 9/11, the plot evoked an outburst of patriotism in both its best and worst forms. And like 9/11, there were immediate and subsequent allegations that the whole thing was a Government-sponsored hoax.Lady Antonia Fraser’s book, Faith and Treason, is a straightforward narrative with Fraser’s usual excellence in bringing the times and the characters to life. Faith and Treason was written in 1997, well before 9/11, which makes many of the parallels even more unnerving. Although Guy Fawkes is the one who gets the day named after him, it was Thomas Catesby who fills the role of Osama bin Laden, extremely charismatic and able to persuade others that an act of terrorism was religiously justified. Like the 9/11 hijackers, all of the conspirators were young men, and almost all had come to religious fanaticism after a less than devout, even dissolute, earlier life. There were accusations that the conspiracy was actually sponsored by a foreign power – Spain perhaps, or the Papacy – and the government enthusiastically forced the Jesuits into the role of Al Qaeda, even though the Jesuits had publicly disavowed involvement in politics.Lady Fraser, while emphatically disavowing the “hoax” theory, does point out that the English government was aware of the plot well before its intended date – about October 26. Salisbury deliberately fed information to James I so the King could reasonably believe he had penetrated the plot himself. Guy Fawkes was caught red-handed – with a dark lantern and a slow match – and the other conspirators were quickly hunted down: of the thirteen, four were killed resisting arrest (including Catesby), one died in prison awaiting trial, and the remaining eight were hanged, drawn, and quartered. Ironically, Guy Fawkes broke his neck at the hanging stage; the others were disemboweled alive. Sir Everard Digby reportedly made the physiologically unlikely comment “Thou liest!” when the executioner held his heart aloft at the end of the “drawing” and made the traditional cry “Behold the heart of a traitor!”. (Perhaps the executioner was anatomically challenged and Sir Everard meant not “Thou liest! I’m not a traitor!” but “Thou liest!” That’s my spleen.”)The death of Catesby is what gave armament to the hoax theorists, who speculated that he was an agent provocateur who had recruited the others to give the government an excuse to further persecute Catholics, and who was then shot “attempting to flee” in order to insure his silence. There certainly are a few interesting details; the government claimed the original plot was a “mine” beneath Parliament but no trace of a mine was ever found; even though access to Parliament was fairly easy in those more trusting days, it’s not clear how somebody could have smuggled that much in with notice; the amount of gunpowder involved is unclear, varying from one to five tons; and when the gunpowder was returned to a powder magazine, the receipt noted it was “decayed”. Nevertheless, even though Fraser is a Catholic, and shows some sympathy to the conspirators, she is emphatic that it was not a hoax – “It was a violent conspiracy involving Catholic fanatics”.If there’s a tragic hero to the story, it’s not Catesby or Fawkes or any of the other conspirators, but Father Henry Garnet, SJ. It was not, strictly speaking, illegal to be a Catholic priest in England, but it was illegal for one to enter the country or to celebrate Mass and Garnet met both of these qualifications. Garnet did know of the plot, but his knowledge was under the seal of the confessional. His attempts to prevent it may have seem less than vigorous, but since he was spending most of his time hiding in various “priest holes” he perhaps can be excused. Garnet was not captured until after the plotters had been executed; although any plotter who was asked denied that Father Garnet or any other priest had been involved, they were not available for cross examination. The prosecution made much of the Jesuit doctrine of “equivocation”; the idea that a someone could avoid self incrimination by answering a question in a misleading fashion – for example, if asked “Are you a priest?” you could answer “No”, meaning secretly “No, I am not a priest of Apollo”. Garnet was convicted after what was essentially a “show trial”; at least, his defense may have impressed King James I or others high in the government, because he was left hanging for fifteen minutes and was thus dead or insensible by the drawing and quartering stage.God’s Secret Agents is Alice Hogge’s first book. Although subtitled “Queen Elizabeth’s Forbidden Priests and the Hatching of the Gunpowder Plot”, the Gunpowder Plot plays a very minor part in the story. Instead, it’s an engaging discussion of the politics, secular and religious, of Elizabethan and early Stuart times. A procession of priests, including the poets and intellectuals Edmund Campion and Robert Southwell, entered England to do missionary work and administer to the spiritual needs of the remaining English Catholics. Their stories, and those of many of the laity that aided or harbored them are all tragic and a little repetitious; there’s only so many ways you can describe an execution. One the interesting characters is Nicholas Owen, a skilled carpenter who devised many of the “priest holes” in Catholic homes. Owen’s strategy was to build no two “hides” alike; to build double “hides” such that if searchers discovered the outer one, they would stop looking and miss the second; and to outfit the “hides” with a drinking tube so water and broth could be fed to the concealed priests. Owen eventually died under torture (the official story was that he committed suicide) without revealing the location of any of his “hides”; he was canonized in 1970. Every now and then a previously unknown hide, usually attributed to Owen, is discovered when some old manor house is remodeled.Since this book is copyright 2005, Hogge does not hesitate to draw the obvious parallels between the Gunpowder Plot and 9/11; she’s completely silent on the question of a hoax, taking it for granted that the plot was as advertised.One interesting observation here is the prevalence of wishful thinking by people who should have known better. Catholics almost invariably thought that there were a lot more of them than there actually were, probably because most people they associated with were also Catholics. Unfortunately they also spread that belief overseas, so that Spain and the Vatican frequently thought that Catholics were a majority in England and all it would take would be a token landing by Spanish troops and the populace would enthusiastically revert to the Old Religion. Catholic diplomats traveling in England would quickly disabuse themselves of this view, but it kept springing up. As the Spanish found out when they attempted a landing in Ireland, they didn’t get enthusiastic support from the people even if there actually was a Catholic majority.This explains the poorly thought-out nature of the Gunpowder Plot. Blowing up Parliament was the easy part; the plotters only had a vague idea of what to do next. There were various arm-waving plans to kidnap Princess Elizabeth (later Elizabeth of Bohemia) or Prince Charles (later Charles I), put them on the throne and “force” them to be Catholic, but the basic idea was that the English people were just waiting for some excuse to all be Catholic again.I found one other little item that appeals to my sense of the weird. Don Juan de Tassis was one of the Spanish diplomats sent to England to negotiate and snoop around a little. “Tassis” is a Hispanicized form of “Taxis”, part of the Hapsburg noble family of Thurn und Taxis. The Princess von Thurn und Taxis was a patron of poet Ranier Maria Rilke, who wrote the Duino Elegies at her castle at Duino on the Adriatic. Later, Thomas Pynchon used the development of the Hapsburg postal system by the Thurn und Taxis family as the centerpiece of a vast international conspiracy in the novel The Crying of Lot 49. The fictional aerospace company Yoyodyne also figured in the novel, and later turned up as the den of the alien Lectroids in the cult movie The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the Eighth Dimension. If you freeze-frame shots from various Star Trek films and TV shows, you can sometimes see equipment labeled with “YSP”, for Yoyodyne Propulsion Systems, the major manufacturer of Federation starships. While writing this review, another coffee shop costumer came, looked at the book, and asked “Why would God need secret agents?”, inadvertently echoing Kirk’s question from Star Trek: The Final Frontier: “What does God need with a starship?” The study of history is full of little surprises like that.I can’t really say which book is better – Hogge for the big picture, Fraser for details and character studies. Remember, Remember, Eleventh September,For Hijacking, Terror, and Plot…
    • 5/5
      A very well researched and balanced account of the activities of Catholic priests in the England of Elizabeth I and James I. This illustrates the horror and tension of the secret lives Catholic priests - and lay Catholics - were forced to live, and the terrible penalties that awaited them. It also assesses reasonably the level of general threat posed by the Papacy to England's Government, particularly in light of the notorious Papal Bull Regnans in Excelsis, which left English Catholics in the terrible twin dilemma of being threatened with excommunication if they obeyed the orders of their monarch, and threatened with an accusation of treason if they obeyed their Catholic conscience. The book also examines the full weight of evidence for Jesuit involvement in the Gunpowder Plot, not reaching a firm conclusion, but leaving me with the impression that, while the plot was undoubtedly real and instigated by individual Catholics, the government of King James blamed Jesuits and Catholics generally in the climate of fear and suspicion that events of the past few decades had created. One of the most remarkable things was how Catholicism was now seen as un-English, despite its having been the religion of England (and Western Europe) for nearly a millenium; and how Protestantism was seen as essentially English, despite being a Swiss-German import.My only slight criticism would be that the book could have been structured slightly better. Unusually for non-fiction, the chapters were numbered but had no titles and there was a bit of jumping around in the narrative that was slightly confusing.
    • 4/5
      This is quite a confusing book to read but this may reflect the confusing state of English religious politics in the 16th Century. However this is a book I would recommend as it clearly shows that we have not learned from history as the experiences of the catholic minority have strong parallels in the 21st Century.
    • 5/5
      How can I review an in-depth 400 page masterpeice? I will not be able to accurately convey the significance of this book. It is intriguing the way Hogge jumps back and forth between the interconnecting lives of England.No character ever just "appears" in the plot of the book. She recounts the life, hardship, death, ideals ect. of each character in such a way that before you know it you've "lived" through five characters.When a few important characters were executed I felt as if I were some devoted Catholic living during the era and had just heard the sad news. Hogge's vivid writing and retelling of actual events is entertaining -- nothing she says is boring!You don't have to be a Catholic to enjoy this book. I'm not a Catholic. You just have to love the retelling of a 100 year span of most intriguing history.
    • 4/5
      A good history of the Reformation in Elizabethan and Stuart England. The suppression of Catholicism and the underground history that resulted are little known, but this book shows the transformation from Catholic to Protestant England was not an overnight occurrence, nor an immediate success. Hogge draws a direct comparison between the secret Jesuit missionaries of the late 16th and early 17th centuries and modern jihadists, but only briefly at the beginning and end of the book, so the fact that these comparisons are largely not tenable has minor impact on what is an interesting and arreting book.
    • 5/5
      Excellent book about Elizabeth I's persecution of England's Catholics.The author painted a vivid picture of what the "Secret Priests" suffered in their attempt to serve the spiritual needs of the Catholics in England. You might also like "Shadowplay" which outlines Shakespeare's hidden messages in his plays.
    • 3/5
      Alice Hogge has recounted a history of English Catholics during Elizabeth's reign, a time when simply to be a Catholic priest was a crime and 124 were executed as traitors. She focuses on the individual English priests who came as missionaries and on those who came as members of the Jesuit order. Despite the stories of secret landings, pursuit and arrest by government agents, secret hiding places, torture and execution, the work somehow is rather dry and I found it slow going. While there is much discussion of the missions and the context of the times, the book often feels that it lacks a direction. In the end it seems like a Catholic Book of Martyrs.

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    God's Secret Agents - Alice Hogge

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