James Smith (1737-1813) was a frontiersman, farmer and soldier in British North America.
Born on November 26, 1737 in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in an area now part of Frankl...view moreJames Smith (1737-1813) was a frontiersman, farmer and soldier in British North America.
Born on November 26, 1737 in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in an area now part of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 1955 Smith worked on the Braddock Road, a road built west from Alexandria, Virginia in support of Gen. Edward Braddock’s ill-fated expedition against the French, when he was captured by Delaware Indians and then given over to the French. He was adopted by a Mohawk family, ritually cleansed, and made to practice tribal ways—ultimately gaining respect for Indian culture. He escaped near Montreal, but was jailed by the French for four months until his release in a prisoner exchange with the British. He returned to the Conococheague Valley in Pennsylvania and took up farming.
During Pontiac’s War, he fought in the 1763 Battle of Bushy Run and accompanied the 1764 British expedition led by Henry Bouquet into the Ohio Country. In 1765, he led the “Black Boys”, a group of Pennsylvania men, in a nine-month rebellion against British rule ten years before the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War.
Col. Smith participated in the war of the Pennsylvania militia, initially as captain, and was made a colonel in 1778. By the late 1780s, he and his family were living in Bourbon County, Kentucky, where he served as a member of the Kentucky General Assembly for a number of years. Col. Smith later became a Presbyterian missionary to the Native Americans, aided by the knowledge he had acquired of their customs in his early captivity.
He was also an author, publishing a memoir about his captivity by Native Americans in his Narrative in 1799, and in 1812 an in-depth analysis of Native-American fighting techniques, based on observations during his captivity.
Col. Smith died on April 11, 1913 in Green County, Kentucky, aged 75.view less