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he South African economy experienced a marginal quarter-on-quarter expansion of 0,1% in the fourth quarter of 2023 (2023 Q4) following an unexpected contraction of 0,2% in the third quarter (2023 Q3). This growth helped the economy avoid slipping into a technical recession, although it is lower than analysts’ expectations. Despite facing significant challenges, such as severe power outages, weaker terms of trade, local infrastructure constraints, muted global demand, lower commodity prices, and persistent domestic
